Behavioral and Antinociceptive Effects of Alfentanil, Butorphanol, and Flunixin in Horses

To determine the behavioral and antinociceptive effects of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics administered by intravenous injection in horses, 10 thoroughbred mares weighing between 450 and 550 kg and ranging in age from 8 to 13 years old were analyzed. The effects of alfentanil, butorphanol, flunixin, and saline solution on the general activity of the horses were investigated by measuring spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and head height (HH) in two behavior stalls. The antinociceptive effects of alfentanil (0.02 mg kg-1), butorphanol (0.1 mg kg-1), flunixin meglumine (0.5 mg kg-1), and saline were determined by measuring skin twitch reflex latency (STRL) after thermal cutaneous nociceptive stimulation. A paired Student t-test was used to compare SLA and HH between the groups of horses receiving different doses of the same drug at various time points. The Tukey test was used to compare the antinociceptive effect of the treatments. Differences were considered significant when P value was <.05. Horses treated with opioid analgesics demonstrated excitation, as shown by a significant increase in SLA at all doses tested and by neighing and demonstrating attentive attitudes with movement of the ears, stereotypical walking, and ataxia in most of the animals. HH was elevated only in animals treated with alfentanil. Antinociception was observed at 5 and 30 minutes after administration of alfentanil and butorphanol, respectively. Increased SLA was observed at 30 and 90 minutes after administration of alfentanil and butorphanol, respectively. We observed no effect on antinociception in horses given flunixin. In conclusion, this study suggests that alfentanil has a faster onset and a shorter duration than butorphanol; however, both drugs are able to stimulate the central nervous system. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in cardiovascular changes following chronic treatment with cocaine and testosterone: A role beyond drug seeking in addiction?

Neural plasticity has been observed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) following exposure to both cocaine and androgenic-anabolic steroids. Here we investigated the involvement of the BNST on changes in cardiovascular function and baroreflex activity following either single or combined administration of cocaine and testosterone for 10 consecutive days in rats. Single administration of testosterone increased values of arterial pressure, evoked rest bradycardia and reduced baroreflex-mediated bradycardia. These effects of testosterone were not affected by BNST inactivation caused by local bilateral microinjections of the nonselective synaptic blocker CoCl2. The single administration of cocaine as well as the combined treatment with testosterone and cocaine increased both bradycardiac and tachycardiac responses of the baroreflex. Cocaine-evoked baroreflex changes were totally reversed after BNST inactivation. However, BNST inhibition in animals subjected to combined treatment with cocaine and testosterone reversed only the increase in reflex tachycardia, whereas facilitation of reflex bradycardia was not affected by local BNST treatment with CoCl2. In conclusion, the present study provides the first direct evidence that the BNST play a role in cardiovascular changes associated with drug abuse. Our findings suggest that alterations in cardiovascular function following subchronic exposure to cocaine are mediated by neural plasticity in the BNST. The single treatment with cocaine and the combined administration of testosterone and cocaine had similar effects on baroreflex activity, however the association with testosterone inhibited cocaine-induced changes in the BNST control of reflex bradycardia. Testosterone-induced cardiovascular changes seem to be independent of the BNST. © 2013 IBRO.

Determinação da taxa de infusão mínima de propofol e propofol associado a lidocaína em cães (Cannis familaris)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso da lidocaína isolada ou associada à quetamina ou ao butorfanol, em anestesia epidural em cães: avaliação cardiorrespiratória e analgésica

Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

A esquerda católica na formação do PT

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

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Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

Lucien Febvre e a Europa: as fronteiras da história

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Perfil clínico dos animais e funcionalidade do uso do aparelho de fisioterapia veterinária(modelos vetcar) na reabilitação de cães e gatos acometidos por dificuldades de locomoção

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Efeito da rampa isolante na insensibilização de frangos de corte e seus reflexos sobre o bem-estar e qualidade da carcaça

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)