Biological activity of Gomphrena elegans Mart. Var. Elegans (Amaranthaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of juvenility on cutting propagation of red pitaya

Introduction. Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an exotic fruit species little known in Brazil and which needs basic studies about plant nutrition, propagation and physiology. Emphasizing the co-existence of juvenile and adult stages in the pitaya canopy, the plant is generally propagated by cuttings. Materials and methods. A completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications was adopted. Each treatment was represented by the part of the canopy from which the cutting was taken ( upper, middle and lower cutting and cuttings from young plants). The following variables were registered: % cuttings with roots, % of live cuttings, root density, root diameter, root area, root length and root dry mass. Results were submitted to variance analyses, Tukey's test at 0.01 probability error and simple correlation analysis. Results and discussion. The results indicated that the position from which the cutting is taken had a quantitative effect on rooting formation of pitaya cuttings. Juvenile cuttings presented 35% more cuttings with roots than adult cuttings. Root density, root area, root length and root dry mass depended on juvenility, the highest results being registered for juvenile cuttings, independently of the variable. Conclusion. Juvenile and adult stages co-exist in the pitaya canopy. Juvenility is an important rooting factor for red pitaya cuttings.

In vitro conservation and low cost micropropagation of Cochlospermum regium (Mart. Ex. Scharank)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos morfo-anatômicos de Paepalanthus hilairei koern. (Eriocaulaceae) da Serra do Cipó-MG

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito de auxinas e boro no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi retiradas em diferentes épocas

This work was carried out to study the effects of some synthetical auxins and boron on the rooting of stem cuttings of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa Pl. cv. Tomuri). Cuttings of semi-woody stems with two knots and leaves divided in two, with approximately 10 cm of length were utilized. The base of the cuttings received the following treatments: 1) water only; 2) NAA 300 ppm; 3) IBA 300 ppm; 4) NAA 300 ppm + B; 5) IBA 300 ppm + B; 6) NAA 0,5%-talc and 7) IBA 0,5%-talc. After these treatments, the stems were placed in suitable rooting dishes, with pure vermiculite in misty nebulization chamber for 120 days. Evaluations were made based on the following observations: percentage of rooted stem cuttings; reductor sugar and total sugar analyses and tryptophan analyses. The results showed that the autumm season is the best for rooting for kiwi stem cuttings. The exogenous application of 0.5% of IBA talc on the bases of the cuttings showed positive results.

Uso de resíduos agroindustriais nas produções de cana-de-açúcar, açúcar e álcool

In order to study the effect of gypsum, lime and the mixture of lime-gypsum, associated with syrup in the agricultural and industrial production and in the rooting of sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.), var. IAC 58-480, one experiment was carried out in soil Terra Roxa Estrutura. Sugar-cane was planted in November 1986, and the cane-plant harvesting in September 1988. Three successive harvests were collected.The experiment was set in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications .The treatments were: T1 - 1.2 ton/ha of lime; T2 - 0.8 ton/ha of lime + 0.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T3 - 0.6 ton/ha of lime + 0.6 ton/ha of gypsum; T4 - 0.4 ton/ha of lime + 0.8 ton/ha of gypsum; T5 - 1.2 ton/ha of gypsum; T6 - 2.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T7 - control. Syrup was applied at the amount of 45 m3/ha.In September 1990, after the third harvesting, the second application of the treatments was made, the gypsum being applied in amounts four times greater than those of that put into practice at the planting. During harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: number, length and average diameter of the stalks; yield; and probable sugar and theoretical alcohol production per hectare.The results showed that the second application of the treatments recuperated the crop. Greater yields were achieved when the gypsum was associated with lime or syrup.

Pejibaye palm (Bactris gasipaes) propagative structures and seedlings morphological study

Palm of Arecoideae subfamily, the pejibaye palm occurs mostly at Tropical America areas, and has achieved outstanding economic importance for heart-of-palm production with traditional farming. This work aimed to describe and record propagation structures and seedlings, throughout the different stages of their germination process, since this species is mainly propagated by seeds. The seeds were set for germination on trays with cotton and sterilized water. Representative samples were taken out from each of the different germination stages. They were photographed and drafted using a clear chamber. The propagation structures and seeds external surface were outlined and photographed. The seeds were longitudinally cut for observation and documentation of the inner morphology. The first germinative event was the growth of an undifferentiated, approximately globular cells mass, which emerged from the micropilar depression. Then, the cells mass acquired a cylinder aspect, with the early shoot and root differentiation taking place. Later, there was evidence of primary root and aerial portion. This shoot was coated by a closed and chlorophylled sheath. A lateral root outgrown at the primary root's base and an adventitious root became visible at the embryonic axis. Three other sheaths evolved at the shoot, unrolling one at a time, allowing, finally, the emergence of the primary leaf which is bifid and has parallel veins, typical of its family. Internally, an haustorial structure was developed and seemed to be related with the digestion of the endosperm, occupying, gradually, all the seed's internal space.

Vegetative propagation of Mikania glomerata: Micro-propagation and cuttings

The scope of this work was to compare two systems for vegetative propagation: conventional one (from cut stems) and in vitro micropropagation from axillary buds. Nodal segments (1 cm) of Mikania glomerata were used as explants. The experiments were evaluated in relation to number of shoots; % of rooting; number of roots and total fresh weight. Multiple shoots developed in MS containing 0.5 mg/L BAP. Rooting was induced in the presence of 1.0 mg/L IBA. Stems with five buds and one pair of leaves were the most appropriate for the production of cuttings. The time necessary for developing a protocol for the production of M. glomerata micropropagated plantlets was 6 months, whereas only half time was required to produce plantlets from stem cuttings. The greatest problem met during micropropagation was the culture contamination by endophytic bacteria and fungi.

Effect of substrata on the development of stem cuttings of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. BR. - Limonene-carvone chemotype

Studies were conducted to show the effect of different substrata on the development of stem cuttings of Lippia alba made of limonene-carvone chemotype. The experiment was done in the College of Agronomical Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil in 2000. The cuttings were planted in polystyrene trays consisting of 72 cells. The cuttings had about 0.20 m of length and were put in the following substrata: Fine sand (T1), commercial substratum (T2), carbonised rice peel and local soil (T3), local soil, cow manure and carbonised rice peel (T4), vermiculite (T5), and carbonised rice peel (T6). After 40 days the development of stem cuttings were evaluated. High rate of rooting of stem cuttings was verified, with average of 95% and no significant difference between the treatments. In relation to dry mass of aerial parts and dry mass of roots, significant differences were found. For dry mass production of aerial parts the commercial substratum (T2) and the local soil, cow manure, carbonised rice peel (T4) were optimal. For mass of roots the local soil, cow manure, carbonised rice peel (T4) proved to be the best.

Enraizamento in vitro e aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de Aloe vera L.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dovyalis hebecarpa propagation by the use of cuttings

The vegetative propagation of Dovyalis hebecarpawas studied using herbaceous cuttings of a hybrid introduced in Brazil by the College of Agriculture, Campus of Jaboticabal-UNESP. The treatments consisted of (1) evaluating the effect of five 3-Indolebutyric acid (IBA) doses (0 (control), 1,000, 3,000, 5,000 and 7,000 mg.L -1); (2) the influence of two kinds of herbaceous cuttings (apical and sub-apical) and (3) the collection position on the plant (upper and lower part of the canopy) at two different times of the year (autumn and spring). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of 10 cuttings each; the analysis was on a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial layout. The growth regulator (IBA) did not influence the rooting of cuttings in either sampling season. The best season for the rooting was spring. Apical cuttings were desirable for rooting in both seasons. In autumn cuttings taken from the lower portion of the plant showed significantly higher rooting values than the ones from the upper portion; and in spring cuttings taken from the upper portion had higher rooting percentages. © 2007 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.

Espermidina e espermina exogena na micropropagação de Aloe vera (L.) Burm

The lateral shoots of the Aloe vera L. Burm have been inoculated in culture medium. The work has been divided in two phases. In the phase I different concentrations of NAA and BAP were added to the MS . In the phase II, plants proceeding of the MS were inoculated in medium containing or not spermidine and/or spermine. In the phase I the best results for mass production and shooting came out with the use of MS + 8,88 m mol L -1 BAP + 5,36 m mol L -1 NAA and these treatments didn't induce the rooting. Plants submitted to treatments with polyamines presented emission of roots during the phase II, suggesting possible inductor effect when used by isolated means during the rooting. No traces of oxidation were noted in the culture medium containing the polyamines. The use of spermidine in the culture-medium promoted a greater mass increasing and the most number of shoots was obtained with the use of the combination of polyamines. © 2008 1999, Editorial Ciencias Médicas.

Clonagem do abacateiro variedade Duke 7 (Persea americana Mill.) por alporquia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Soluções nutritivas no desenvolvimento do crisântemo cultivado em vaso

Although the information about nutritive solution for potted chrysanthemum is still incongruent, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nutritive solutions in the development of Miramar chrysanthemum cultivated in pots at FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP. The experiment had a randomized block design with split-plot evaluation and treatments corresponding to four nutritive solutions consisting of commercial fertilizers (S1, S2, S3, S4) evaluated at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after rooting (DAE), with five replications. The plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, stem diameter, total dry matter mass of aerial part and roots; number and diameter of inflorescences, and physiological indexes of growth analysis were evaluated. The nutritive solutions did not interfere significantly in stem diameter, number and diameter of inflorescences and dry matter of roots, although S3 and S4 provided the highest plants, leaf area, number of leaves, total dry matter of aerial part. The physiological indexes showed that plants presented an accelerated growth from 14 to 28 DAE with S4 and S3 solutions and therefore they were considered the best solutions.

Nota científica: Clonagem do abieiro por estaquia herbácea de ramos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)