123 resultados para Xanthomonas axonopodis
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Recentemente a Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do estado de São Paulo abrandou os critérios relacionados à erradicação do cancro cítrico. em abril de 2009 mais de 99,8% dos talhões comerciais de laranjeiras doces estavam livres da doença em São Paulo. Abrandar a metodologia de erradicação significa comprometer esse elevado nível de sanidade dos pomares e a competitividade da citricultura, com reflexos negativos financeiros e ambientais. Diante desses fatos sugere-se: a) que a erradicação da doença volte a ser feita como anteriormente utilizada; ou b) a adoção de uma nova metodologia de erradicação, mais efetiva na supressão da doença, quando em novos levantamentos amostrais de cancro cítrico em São Paulo forem encontradas incidências de talhões comerciais com a doença superiores a 0,36%. Essa incidência foi calculada comparando-se pelo teste de Duncan (P<0,05) os levantamentos amostrais de cancro cítrico realizados de 1999 a 2009. A diferença mínima significativa encontrada foi de 0,28. A menor incidência do cancro cítrico em São Paulo foi de 0,08%, observada em 2001. Dessa forma, como alternativa, propõe-se a adoção de uma metodologia mais drástica de erradicação do cancro cítrico quando em um novo levantamento amostral for detectado mais que 0,36% de talhões comerciais com cancro cítrico.
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Conduziu-se simultaneamente dois experimentos, em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência de híbridos de brócolis 'tipo cabeça única' (AF 649, Titleist, Centenário, Green Power, BR068, Magestic Crown, Marathon, Laguna, Legacy, Green Parasol, Packman e Mônaco) à podridão negra, causada por Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Foram utilizados os métodos de inoculação no ápice das folhas por cortes com tesoura embebida na suspensão bacteriana e por ferimento provocado no caule com palito de dente umedecido na suspensão bacteriana. A inoculação foi realizada aos 25 dias após transplante (6 a 8 folhas definitivas). Avaliou-se no experimento de inoculação com tesoura, as áreas abaixo da curva de progresso da doença nas folhas inoculadas. No experimento de inoculação por palito de dente, avaliou-se a proporção de altura necrosada do caule, aos 26 dias após inoculação. Verificou-se que, em ambos os experimentos, o híbrido BRO68 apresentou-se mais suscetível à podridão negra e os híbridos Marathon, Legacy e Green Power foram os que apresentaram os maiores níveis de resistência à podridão negra.
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Sintomas do cancro bacteriano da videira na variedade Red Globe foram observados em agosto de 2009 em pomar de Tupi Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e o agente causal Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola foi identificado por meio de testes patológicos e moleculares. O procedimento de erradicação foi adotado e aproximadamente 4.700 plantas foram destruídas. Um levantamento realizado nas regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo não encontrou nenhum outro pomar contaminado, e essa espécie bacteriana é considerada ausente neste estado.
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The genome of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa contains four ORFs (XF2721, XF2725, XF2739 and XF0295) related to the restriction modification type I system, ordinarily named R-M. This system belongs to the DNA immigration control region (ICR). Each CIRF is related to different operon structures, which are homologues among themselves and with subunit Hsd R from the endonuclease coding genes. In addition, these ORFs are highly homologous to genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methylococcus capsulatus str. Bath, Legionella pneumophila, Helicobacter pylori, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae and Silicibacter pomeroyi, as well as to genes from X. fastidiosa strains that infect grapevine, almond and oleander plants. This study was carried out on R-M ORFs from forty-three X. fastidiosa strains isolated from citrus, coffee, grapevine, periwinkle, almond and plum trees, in order to assess the genetic diversity of these loci through PCR-RFLP. PCR-RFLP analysis of the four ORFs related to the R-M system from these strains enabled the detection of haplotypes for these loci. When the haplotypes were defined, wide genetic diversity and a large range of similar strains originating from different hosts were observed. This analysis also provided information indicating differences in population genetic structures, which led to detection of different levels of gene transfer among the groups of strains. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
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Com o propósito de avaliar o comportamento de seis cultivares de couve-flor de verão, quanto à produção e resistência à podridão negra (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris), instalou-se um experimento em campo, em Ipameri-GO, com o delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Cada parcela experimental, de 10m², constou de 20 plantas distribuídas no espaçamento de 1,0m entre linhas e 0,5m entre plantas. Foram avaliadas as cultivares: híbridos 'Cindy', 'Sarah AF-1169', 'Sharon', 'Verona', 'Lisvera' e a variedade Piracicaba precoce. Os híbridos Verona e Sharon mostraram-se promissores para cultivo nas condições edafoclimáticas em que foram avaliados, com produtividades de 34,17 e 30,64t ha-1, respectivamente, e com moderados níveis de resistência à podridão negra. A variedade Piracicaba precoce apresentou produção inferior às dos melhores híbridos avaliados e moderada resistência à podridão negra. O híbrido Sarah não é recomendado para plantio na região de Ipameri-GO por apresentar baixa produção e baixa resistência à podridão negra.
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The objective of this research was to evaluate de reaction of leaves and pods of five cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to twenty strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. The strains were inoculated onto leaves in a greenhouse, and onto pods in a growth chamber. The results obtained were analyzed and the strains classified into three groups: low, medium, and high virulence. Most of the strains showed high virulence on leaves of Carioca and Rio Negro cultivars, as opposed to only low to medium virulence on leaves of IAPAR 14, IAPAR 16, and G. N. Nebraska # 1 sel. 27 cultivars. There were, however, individual strains powerful enough to overcome the leaf resistance of IAPAR 14, IAPAR 16, and G. N. Nebraska # 1 sel. 27. With regard to pods, most strains showed high virulence on all bean cultivars, with exception of IAPAR 14 where virulence was at medium level. A correlation between leaf and pod symptoms was found to exist in Carioca, Rio Negro, and IAPAR 14 cultivars. No such correlation was observed in IAPAR 16 and G. N. Nebraska # 1 sel. 27. Comparing strains producing melanine in vitro with those not producing this pigment, no difference was observed with regard to virulence.
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Antimicrobial activity of 45 extracts of medicinal plants were tested on Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense. Some assays were done to verify the capability of these plants extrats to show an antibiosis. Five extracts (EAFQ, SM1, SM12, SM16, SA1) shown positive activity. The extract EAFQ expressed bactericide activity on C. michiganense. It suggests the possibility of using these actives substances in natura or as a model to synthesize industrialized products, intendind field utilization.
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A diverse set of phage lineages is associated with the bacterial plant-pathogen genomes sequenced to date. Analysis of 37 genomes revealed 5,169 potential genes (approximately 4.3 Mbp) of phage origin, and at least 50 had no function assigned or are nonessential to phage biology. Some phytopathogens have transcriptionally active prophage genes under conditions that mimic plant infection, suggesting an association between plant disease and prophage transcriptional modulation. The role of prophages within genomes for cell biology varies. For pathogens such as Pectobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Streptomyces, involvement of prophage in disease symptoms has been demonstrated. In Xylella and Xanthomonas, prophage activity is associated with genome rearrangements and strain differentiation. For other pathogens, prophage roles are yet to be established. This review integrates available information in a unique interface (http://propnav.esalq.usp.br) that may be assessed to improve research in prophage biology and its association with genome evolution and pathogenicity. © Copyright ©2013 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of potassium and nitrogen on the severity of black rot and yield of head. The experiment was carried out in split plots with factorial subplots, in randomized blocks with four replications. In the plots we assessed the influence of inoculation (injured plants with distilled water and inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) and in the subplots we evaluated the 4 x 4 factorial, potassium doses (0, 275, 550 and 825 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1). The hybrid Broccoli BRO68 was inoculated using the toothpick method at 64 days after sowing. We observed that potassium in the plant reduced the disease, but nitrogen increased disease. We estimated that the highest levels of potassum in the plant reduced the severity of the disease but lack or excess of nitrogen increased disease severity. The highest production of broccoli inflorescence was obtained at doses from 541 to 751 kg ha-1 of K2O and 286 to 328 kg ha-1 of N. However, when considering a balanced fertilization to obtain higher yield and size of inflorescences and greater resistance to black rot, the ideal doses are 283 kg ha-1 of N and 550 kg ha-1 of K2O.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate protein and DNA substrates across the cell envelope and into target cells. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri contains two copies of the T4SS, one in the chromosome and the other is plasmid-encoded. To understand the conditions that induce expression of the T4SS in Xcc, we analyzed, in vitro and in planta, the expression of 18 ORFs from the T4SS and 7 hypothetical flanking genes by RT-qPCR. As a positive control, we also evaluated the expression of 29 ORFs from the type III secretion system (T3SS), since these genes are known to be expressed during plant infection condition, but not necessarily in standard culture medium. From the 29 T3SS genes analyzed by qPCR, only hrpA was downregulated at 72 h after inoculation. All genes associated with the T4SS were downregulated on Citrus leaves 72 h after inoculation. Our results showed that unlike the T3SS, the T4SS is not induced during the infection process.