Formulações de fungos nematófagos associadas ao controle químico e matéria orgânica no manejo dos nematoides dos citros (Tylenchulus semipenetrans e Pratylenchus jaehni)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica e acidez potencial no solo com dezoito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Substratos e estaquia na produção de mudas de cacaueiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modificações de propriedades químicas e agregação de um latossolo de cerrado sob sistemas de cultivo e adubações orgânica e/ou mineral

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Características produtivas, morfogênicas e estruturais do capim Piatã submetido à adubação orgânica

The organic fertilizer can be a viable alternative in the production of forage grasses, however there is little information regarding doses and composition of the major organic fertilizers. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the different doses of organic compost produced from two types of poultry litter on the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv 'Piatã'. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme l with parcel subdivided in time. The parcels were composed by six treatments: two types of compost (poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass) in three doses (100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 equivalent N.) and the subparcels by the four different periods of cut. The composts were applied in a unique dose, after the uniformization cut, at the quantities: 11,36 and 11,83, 22,73 and 23,67, 34,09 and 35,50 g pot-1 for the poultry litter based in sugar cane and napier grass, respectively which are equivalent to the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300kg ha-1 of N. The variables measured were: dry matter production (DMP), leaf appearance rate (LApR), phyllochron, leaf elongation dose (LER) and shoots elongation rate (SER), number of green leaves (NGL), final size of the leaf (FSL). No significant difference between the types of composts and in the interaction compost x doses was observed, thus, both could be used without the risk of loss in the use of the nutrients by the plants evaluated in the experiment. There was a significant difference between the DMP, LApR, phyllochron, LER, SER, NGL and FSL because of the increasing rates of nitrogen, followed by a linear model of prediction. The effect of the periods of slaughter was also observed, where the slaughters carried out in the summer presented a better performance over the morphogenetic and structural features evaluated.

Doses de lodo de esgoto compostado em produção de tapete de grama esmeralda imperial

The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization for sod production can be increased by using slow-release sources such as sewage sludge compost, which, due to its characteristics can be a substitute of part or all inorganic fertilization for grass. No results were found for the use of sludge compost in sod production in Brazil. This study evaluated the effect of rates of sewage sludge compost on the production of zoysiagrass. Treatments consisted of five rates of composted sewage sludge compost (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 Mg ha-1, on a dry basis), plus a treatment of inorganic fertilization (300 kg ha-1 N, 80 kg ha-1 P2O5, and 200 kg ha-1 K2O). The results indicated different mineralization rates of the organic compounds present in the sludge; 120 days after sludge application, more Mg (100 %), K (90 %) and N (67 %) has been released than S (57 %), P (40 %) and Ca (31 %). The use of composted sewage sludge for zoysiagrass adequately supplied nutrients when applied to the soil surface at rates more than 36 Mg ha-1. After sod cutting, the rates of sewage sludge compost provided a linear increase in potential soil acidity, soil contents of OM, P, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni, and linear decrease in pH, soil concentration of Ca and Mg and base saturation. Compost rates, increasing from 0 to 48 Mg ha-1, reduced the sod mass, reaching values of 4.0 kg/sod at the highest rate. High compost doses (36 and 48 Mg ha-1, respectively) also induced the highest resistance, with values in the order of 35 and 33 kgf.

Práticas mais sustentáveis na produção agrícola: motivações e barreiras no sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Análise da viabilidade da utilização da cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como aglomerante para a produção de matrizes cimentantes

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Adaptabilidade na produção de massa verde e grãos de genótipos de milho no Tocantins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Informação orgânica como insumo estratégico para a tomada de decisão em ambientes competitivos: estudo nas empresas do setor varejista situadas na cidade de Marília/SP

The focus of this research is centered on organic information production, sharingand use on the enterprise decision making process. The information on the present economy becomes value source for organizations. The organic information is produced on the organization s internal environment been a product of the activities made by execution its functions. Knowing the elements that involve this process gives a great help to managers once the decision making process is permeated by conflicts and different perceptions. Therefore, the organic information can reduce these conflicts on organizational contexts, because it reduces the uncertainness, propitiates more security and more trustworthiness to the decision making process, besides it gives dynamism to people s time involved on the process. The investigated universe was composed by the companies affiliated to Construnova Net, from construction material segment, located at Marilia Region s cities, Sao Paulo State, because it is an important segment which influences the local and regional economy. The methodological proceedings used are based on the qualitative approach which method is related to descriptive and exploratory research. As data collecting instruments were elaborated a structured questionnaire with closed questions and an interview s syllabus which contents are related to the research s aims. As analysis proceedings for the collected data and also to consider the qualitative approach it was chosen the Contents Analysis method from Bardin and more specifically the Categorical Analysis . Consequently, we conclude that it is deficient in production of organic information, or to produce documents that prove and control the activities that are developed within the organization is not satisfactory. The decision usually is not subsidized by organic information. Accordingly the study points out the deficiency of the perception of the importance of the organic type information as an aid to decision making and al

Resistividade elétrica em aterro sanitário e relações com a produção de biogás

The landfill biogas can be an alternative energetic resource as a fuel to electrical energy generators, although, there are not too many techniques to prospect the gas. Usually, landfills receive home waste, which in most are constituted by organic matter whose degradation by anaerobic activity produces the biogas. Geophysics is an important tool in environmental studies and the electrorresistivity, an important method employed in contaminated areas by slurry or necroslurry, including a monitoring for each contaminator flow. The electrorresistivity has not too much application in finding biogas. For this work, two biogas drains in Rio Claro-SP landfill were selected: one whose waste disposition correspond to the initial activities in the landfill and another drain whose disposition started more recently. The result consists in a higher biogas production if compared to the biogas from the older drain. The present paper consists in a monitoring along one year, with dates collection in each fifteen days. These dates were tabled in Excel 2010 program and graphics of resistivity x depth were generated. Hereafter, most variable resistivity values depth were chosen, to further graphics pluviosity x resistivity generation in Grapher 8 program and the biogas output (m³/h) in monitoring period. The use of pluviosity parameter can be justified by its influence above resistivity. The results show that there is a horizon with possibly biogas accumulation. Lastly, the method was effective, although, for any application of geophysical methods, the knowledge about its limitations is necessary; in this case the influence of pluviosity and also that the measurements were made in one single point, it will not show any side variation

Relações entre produção de biogás em aterro sanitário e variações no potencial elétrico natural

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise comparativa entre a produção de biogás em aterro controlado e variações no potencial elétrico natural por meio de perfilagem geofísica

This work aims to analyze data from a Natural Electric Potential landfill type ditch located in Cordeirópolis (SP). The procedure measures initially involved the assembly and installation of an apparatus cables, sensors and drain geophysical measurements and flow rate of biogas in a ditch later filled by solid waste. Biogas is a product of degradation of organic matter in waste by the action of microorganisms in an anaerobic environment. Its features high methane content in the gas potentially usable as fuel in energy generation systems or steam. The study area is characterized by clayey soil composition change from the diabase sill correlated to the event Serra Geral Formation siltstones overlapping Tatuí with groundwater level site around 50m. The cables were installed vertically in parallel with drain gas manifold, which allowed the collection of data by the technique geophysical logging every 15 days over a period of eight months. For data analysis we used four parameters in the study, the closing time of the ditch, natural electric potential, the flow velocity of biogas and rain. With the tabulated data plots were constructed for each collection day showing values in the range of the cable is in contact with waste (200 cm - 400 cm) and range of the cable in contact with the soil (600 cm - 800 cm). Subsequently graphs were generated with the period of eight months to analyze the data tabulated. A statistical correlation data, which show the influence of rainfall on the production of biogas. The results were satisfactory and demonstrated the feasibility of the research method in studies for the feasibility analysis for the capture of biogas energy

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética em reatores anaeróbios aplicados ao tratamento de resíduos da indústria de produção do etanol

Ethanol, the main automotive biofuel, has its production based on the fermentation of sugars found in biological materials and on the distillation of the alcoholic media formed during the fermentative process. Stillage is the main residue from ethanol production, containing a high organic loading in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Considering the available technologies to treat stillage, we highlight anaerobic digestion, which allows the reduction of the impacts associated to pollutants loading of this effluent and the generation of energy from the methane gas produced in the process. Based on the high treatment efficiency usually associated to the anaerobic process, this work aimed to assess whether anaerobic systems applied to the treatment of stillage are energetically self-sufficient. First we evaluated the energy recovery capacity in an anaerobic reactor applied to the treatment of stillage resulting from corn-to-ethanol processing. The results indicated the great influence that a correct selection of electrical equipment and their respective operating periods have on the net energy balance of the anaerobic treatment. The high energy consumption of the heater would not allow the system to achieve a positive net energy balance – the maximum energy recovery would reach only 0.68% of the consumption. However, the replacement of the mixture equipment would result in energy gains ranging from 8.5 to 967.9% of the consumption. In this work we also assessed the efficiency of methane yields for a few studies and the correlation between some parameters of the anaerobic process. With respect to the methane yield, we noted that mesophilic systems tend to be more advantageous than the thermophilic ones (efficiency of 76.45 ± 22.51% vs. 69.40 ± 30.36%). Considering the study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)