Concepção morfológica de fórceps, para intervenção no paciente em posição supina e o operador sentado

Ergonomics, the science of working rationalization, seeks the best relationship between man and his working tools. In Dentistry, ergonomics is present as for the professional working correctly seated, in functional comfort, intervening of supine position patient, by means of suitable equipment and instrument. Nowadays, dental equipment is justly rationalized; however, some instruments should take shape, in order to adapt those requirements. The hand tool design should permit a comfortable, non-slip and safe handling. Thus, anatomical details, the correct position of the operator for its use and specific characteristics of application should be taken into account. The instrument under analysis - forceps - was conceived according to these requirements along with a new alveolar tooth extraction technique, based on electromyographic and biomechanical studies. The morphology of the instrument, which makes possible a simple and natural kinetics of the operator, was obtained by changing the paradigm of the conventional cross-action instruments (whose grip is always on the arms of the tool), divesting the handle from the tool arm. This induced on anatomical conceiving of perpendicular handles to the extremity of the tool arm, resulting an efficient and effective instrument, according to indicated on its experimental phase

Paralisia periódica hipocalêmica tireotóxica em paciente de ascendência africana

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preferência alimentar e desenvolvimento de Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da ingestão do triptofano dietético sobre a preferência na escolha do macho pela fêmea, auto-balanceamento da dieta e desempenho zootécnico em tilápia-do-Nilo e Pirapitinga

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Cuidado ao paciente idoso hospitalizado: implicações para a equipe de enfermagem

The Brazilian population is ageing rapidly, and chronic diseases have increased. Due to deficient health care services, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases occur in the tertiary level, which increases costs and reduces the possibilities of early diagnoses. In view of the elderly population‟s increase and of the great demand at hospitalization units, it is important to learn about the difficulties and facilities faced by nursing teams when giving care to hospitalized individuals. In order to reach the objectives, a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, analytical and qualitative study was performed with basis on Bardin‟s Content Analysis. Among the difficulties were patients‟ limitations, dependence level, behaviors and habits, interference from companions, feeling of abandonment, perception of needs, dealing with suffering and lack of time for adequate care. As to facilities, acceptance of the disease, adherence to treatment, collaboration, trust in the team, and older patients‟ politeness were reported, which shows that passiveness is an important indicator in caring for the elderly. Older individuals suffer the outcomes of certain physical, psychological and mental deficits. When facing disease conditions, they require special care, including hospitalization and greater attention. The nursing team provides daily care and follows patients‟ development; however, its members are still not knowledgeable enough about the ageing process. This contributes to increase prejudice and erroneous stereotypes about older persons. Therefore, not understanding such process compromises the full care to be provided to older patients. This leads team members to accelerate the care provision process in order to meet the daily work demand, thus compromising older patients‟ autonomy and making them more dependent on the team, whereas the process should follow the opposite path

O câncer e as alterações no estado nutricional do paciente: importância da atenção farmacêutica

O Câncer é uma doença epidêmica e multifatorial. O uso combinado ou não de cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia formam o alicerce sobre o qual se assentam a quase totalidade dos tratamentos contra os mais variados tipos de câncer. Essas terapêuticas quase sempre são agressivas, o que leva a uma ameaça séria à integridade física, sabidamente associada a problemas nutricionais. Pela legislação RDC nº220, publicada pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) em 21 de setembro de 2004, que regulamenta os estabelecimentos públicos e privados do país que realizam tratamento de quimioterapia antineoplásica, o farmacêutico deve fazer parte da equipe multiprofissional em terapia antineoplásica, como responsável pela manipulação de todos os antineoplásicos. Levando isso em consideração, o trabalho realiza uma descrição geral desde o desenvolvimento da doença, passando pelos principais agentes causadores e destaca a importância da terapia nutricional, principalmente no período pós-tratamento que influencia diretamente na morbi-mortalidade do câncer. Associando conhecimentos interdisciplinares entendemos que o farmacêutico possa exercer além da manipulação de drogas, a atenção farmacêutica contribuindo positivamente na equipe de saúde, visando uma maior adesão ao tratamento além do aumento da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico apresentado ampliamos a compreensão da complexidade dos mecanismos da doença, a importância da Terapia Nutricional e o Papel que o profissional farmacêutico pode desempenhar nesse campo

Conduta do paciente hipertenso frente ao tratamento clínico

The urbanization process established in Brazilian society since the middle of last century brought changes in the population habits and customs, which was responsible for the increased of chronic diseases incidence, such as arterial hypertension, for example. Although this is a common disease nowadays, it is still difficult to establish a significant control in subjects with this disease and its consequences. This is apparently due to lack of interest to the correct plan of care developed for the treatment of this disease. The nursing consultation identifies potential problematic situations and the patient needs, setting actions that are complementary to their benefit in order to promote health. The present work aims to observe how the nursing consultation is being used as strategy for patients with arterial hypertension, and to understand the difficulties faced during treatment of these patients. For this purpose, it was performed qualitative and quantitative studies with patients from Centro Saúde Escola (CSE), Unidade Auxiliar, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, located in Botucatu, employing as methodology the Discourse of the Collective Subject and descriptive statistical analysis of quantitative results. The vast majority of consultations were held by medical professionals and it was observed that the multidisciplinary work still needs to be recognized and valued by users. The lack of knowledge of some individuals in relation to the potential and importance of the nursing consultation occurs not only for the treatment of arterial hypertension, but for the treatment and monitoring of the individual as a whole. Therefore, it is still necessary to clarify the true essence and necessity of the nursing consultation, since so important tool should be used in its entirely. Moreover, the role of the multidisciplinary team should be more discussed

Comparação de dois métodos de profilaxia dental: avaliação da pressão arterial e do conforto do paciente. Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

GOALS: This research evaluated the change in arterial pressure before and after two procedures of dental prophylaxis: Jet system baking soda and conventional prophylaxis and patient's opinion regarding the comfort of each one. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Were selected 32 patients with age between 18 to 30 years old, who need prophylaxis to remove biofilm and were subjected to three different types of treatment: sodium bicarbonate jet (G1), prophylaxis conventional (G2) and placebo (G3) at intervals of one month between them. Patients were divided randomly. Arterial pressure was measured by wrist digital Omron HEM – 6111. The measurements were realized in four times: before the prophylaxis, immediately the end of procedure, 15 and 30 minutes after finished of treatment. Patient comfort was measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) after the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed using the variance test. The results showed that there was statistically significant difference to the comfort of the procedures. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference to the comfort of the procedures, and G2 and G3 better than G1. Regarding the variation of arterial pressure there was no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The methods of prophylaxis no effect on arterial pressure, but conventional prophylaxis is more comfortable than others treatments

Motivos de adesão, manutenção e preferência de idosos em programas de atividades físicas

Diante do crescente aumento da população idosa, juntamente com o avanço da procura de idosos por programas de atividades físicas voltados à terceira idade, há uma preocupação e urgência em atender aos interesses e necessidades desses indivíduos, a fim de proporcionar um envelhecimento saudável. Tendo em vista a dificuldade encontrada em localizar trabalhos que relacionem a visão dos idosos com a visão dos profissionais de educação física que trabalham diretamente com atividades voltadas a esta população e que abordem aspectos relacionados à prática dos idosos em tais programas, tornou-se importante a realização desta pesquisa. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo identificar os motivos de adesão, manutenção e preferência de idosos, com relação aos exercícios físicos realizados em um programa sistematizado, sob o olhar dos idosos praticantes e dos profissionais que trabalham diretamente com esta população. Para tanto, o estudo constitui-se da união de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo do tipo survey, utilizando-se como instrumento para coleta de dados uma entrevista semiestruturada, aplicada a uma amostra intencional composta de 30 idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos e de 10 profissionais que coordenam essas atividades. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático, obtendo-se como resultados: a orientação médica como principal motivo de adesão, tanto na visão dos idosos, como na dos profissionais que trabalham diretamente com esta população; melhorar a saúde foi o principal motivo de permanência, de acordo com os idosos entrevistados e, na visão dos profissionais, foi a interação social; saúde debilitada como principal motivo de desistência para os dois grupos da amostra. Além disso, verificou-se que há uma preocupação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Humanização da assistência ao paciente crítico: revisão integrativa da literatura

This study aimed at analyzing the scientific production on health care humanization in intensive-care and emergency units based on publications in national journals. Therefore, this is an integrative review of the national literature. The online database Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) based on the Health Virtual Library (BVS) platform was used to select articles. The final sample in this review consisted of 21 articles. The presentation of results and data discussion was descriptively performed and divided into three themes: communication with relatives and the team, caregiver humanization and, finally, the difficulties faced to implement humanization. As regards communication, it is seen by the authors as a fundamental strategy to ensure quality in intensive care, and it is placed as a central axis in the humanization policy. Concerning caregiver humanization, the physical and mental overload resulting from the work process in these units are factors that interfere with personal relations between team members as well as with that between team members and patients. Among the difficulties faced for implementing humanized care for critical patients are the units’s physical and organizational structures, technology and health care professionals’ education, which is centered on the biomedical model. It was concluded that communication is considered to be fundamental for humanization of the care provided to critical patients, since it allows for the development of a network of meanings between patients, the team, families and the establishment. In order to implement care with humanized actions in urgency and emergency sectors, particularly in ICUs, it is necessary to change organizational culture and value health care professionals

Tratamento da tuberculose: estudo de interações farmacocinéticas da pirazinamida

Convencionalmente o tratamento da tuberculose se dá pela administração simultânea dos fármacos pirazinamida (PZA), rifampicina (RMP) e isoniazida (INH) durante dois meses, seguida por quatro meses da associação INH e RMP. A medicação é de uso diário e deve ser administrada de preferência em uma única dose em jejum ou, em caso de intolerância digestiva, junto com uma refeição. Esta estratégia resulta em sucesso terapêutico na maioria dos casos quando existe obediência do paciente ao regime posológico. O abandono ao tratamento pelo paciente tem sido relacionado ao longo período de exposição aos fármacos e ao aparecimento de efeitos adversos, entre eles, a hepatotoxicidade principalmente em pacientes geriátricos que apresentam deficiências nutricionais ou etilismo crônico. A utilização de associações medicamentosas, como no tratamento da tuberculose, pode resultar em interações farmacocinéticas. Considerando a importância do metabolismo da PZA no desenvolvimento da hepatotoxicidade, a capacidade de indução ou inibição enzimática dos fármacos e a probabilidade de interação farmacocinética entre a PZA, a INH e a RMP, é possível que esta associação resulte em diferentes perfis farmacocinéticos com conseqüente alteração de efeitos hepatotóxicos. Assim, o presente trabalho visa avaliar os efeitos da administração simultânea de INH e RMP sobre os parâmetros farmacocinéticos da PZA em um grupo de animais (coelhos albinos) sob tratamento com PZA e outro com PZA+INH+RMP bem como os níveis de biomarcadores de hepatotoxicidade – as transaminases AST e ALT – antes e após a administração de doses múltiplas destes fármacos

Participação da família no tratamento de paciente em diálise peritoneal

Dramatic changes occur in the lives of patients on peritoneal dialysis and his family life, changing lifestyle, professional and social activities. Considering the important role of family in treatment, is crucial for nurses to know how these families perceive their role as caregivers and their difficulties and needs, in the process of peritoneal dialysis. The approach chosen for the study was the phenomenological method, based on Merleau-Ponty, who proposes to understand the human experience, from the description of those who lived it. The study findings show that in the beginning of treatment, family members, feel impacted with the disease severity and eager to become responsible for maintenance treatment, fearing not match the expectations.Guided by staff, appear confident in taking care and deal with the difficulties and complications of treatment, supported by professionals. However, resent the great changes in their social activities and work, his life turns out to be quite limited, due to the dedication to a sick family member. Many feel overwhelmed because they are not supported by other family members. Some envision a future outlook for renal transplant, others seem skeptical, given the long waiting list, especially when advanced age of the sick family member. These results suggest the need for individualized attention to family caregivers, and to encourage the family to organize itself and develop a joint work. In this sense, the design of health care, taking care with the focus of the family, it seems highly appropriate in preparing the plan of family orientation, this is defined as a dynamic unity, which, working in harmony, can contribute positively in the treatment of health a sick member

Programação térmica fetal: efeitos sobre a temperatura de preferência e características morfofisiológicas de frangos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

O efeito da musicoterapia na qualidade de vida e nos sintomas depressivos do paciente em hemodiálise

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desperdício de dieta enteral em UTI: análise de modo de falhas e efeitos de danos ao paciente grave

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB