Eficiência de argila silicatada no controle de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, in vitro e em mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

A mancha bacteriana do maracujá, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, ocorre em todas as regiões produtoras do País, sendo responsável por grandes perdas econômicas na cultura do maracujazeiro-amarelo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos testar a eficiência de argila silicatada na inibição da bactéria X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae in vitro e no controle preventivo e curativo da mancha bacteriana em mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo. A argila silicatada foi adicionada ao meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar fundente, nas concentrações de 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%; vertido em placas de Petri. Após resfriamento do meio, repicou-se a suspensão bacteriana (10(7) UFC.mL-1) com uma alça, incubando-se as placas a 28 °C por três dias, quando se avaliou o crescimento bacteriano. Posteriormente, o produto, nas mesmas concentrações citadas, foi pulverizado em mudas de maracujá 'Afruvec' de forma preventiva ou curativa. A inoculação da bactéria foi realizada através de pulverização foliar da suspensão bacteriana (10(7) UFC.mL-1), 24 h antes ou após os tratamentos curativo e preventivo, respectivamente. A severidade da doença foi avaliada com auxílio de uma escala diagramática nas quatro primeiras folhas verdadeiras contadas de baixo para cima. Nas concentrações avaliadas, a argila silicatada inibiu a bactéria in vitro e os sintomas da mancha bacteriana no tratamento curativo, enquanto no tratamento preventivo, controle significativo foi obtido a partir de 1,0% de argila silicatada. Com base nestes resultados, a argila silicada pode ser recomendada, na concentração de 1,0-2,0%, para o controle da mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro em pulverizações foliares.

Analysis of the efficiency of silicate clay on the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis PV. passiflorae in vitro and in seedlings of yellow passion fruit contaminated

The bacterial spot in yellow passion fruit plants, caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, occurs in all producing areas of the country, and is responsible for great economic losses in the culture of passion fruit. This study aimed to test the efficiency of the silicate clay in the inhibition of the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in vitro, and in both preventive and curative control of the bacterial spot in seedlings of yellow passion fruit plants. The silicate clay was added to the growth medium at concentrations of. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%, placed in Petri dishes. After the culture medium was cooler, the bacterial suspension was inoculates (10(7) UFC.mL(-1)) with a handle, and left incubating at 28 degrees C for three days, and then the bacterial growth was evaluated. Subsequently, the product at the same concentrations above was sprayed on seedlings of 'Afruvec' passion fruit, as preventive or curative. The inoculation of the bacteria was made by foliar spraying of bacterial suspension (10(7) ufc.mL(-1)), 24 hours before or after the curative and preventive treatments, respectively. The severity of the disease was measured comparing each four true leaves from bottom up, with a diagrammatic scale. In the concentrations evaluated, the silicate clay inhibited both bacteria in vitro and symptoms of bacterial spot in the curative treatment. In preventive treatment, significant results were obtained using more than 1.0% of clay silicates. Based on these results, the clay silicate can be recommended, the concentration of 1.0-2.0% for the control of bacterial spot of passion fruit plants, in foliar sprays.

Qualidade de vida de mulheres com baixa massa óssea na pós-menopausa

OBJETIVO: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com osteoporose e osteopenia, acompanhadas em ambulatórios especializados em osteoporose e climatério, comparando-as com pacientes com densidade mineral óssea (DMO) normal. MÉTODOS: estudo de série de casos transversal, observacional, que se propôs a analisar, por meio do questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), a qualidade de vida de mulheres com osteopenia e osteoporose. Foram avaliadas 124 mulheres na pós-menopausa divididas em três grupos: 55 pacientes com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteoporose, 35 com o de osteopenia e 34 que apresentavam DMO normal. Os três grupos foram comparados com relação aos dados demográficos, características clínicas e de estilo de vida e aos diferentes domínios do SF-36. RESULTADOS: as pacientes dos grupos osteopenia e DMO normal apresentaram menor idade média (56,7±7,1 e 52,9±5,4 anos), maior índice de massa corpórea (IMC) (28,6±3,7 e 30,9±5,1 kg/m²) e menor tempo de menopausa (8,4±5,9 e 5,8±4,5 anos) quando comparadas ao grupo osteoporose (61,8±10,1 anos, IMC de 25,7±5,3 kg/m², 15,5±7,5 anos, respectivamente; p<0,05). de acordo com o SF-36, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com relação aos domínios, à exceção do domínio vitalidade, que se mostrou superior no grupo osteoporose. Com relação à impressão pessoal sobre seu estado de saúde, das pacientes que o consideraram bom, um maior percentual pertencia ao grupo osteoporose, e entre aquelas que o consideraram ruim, um percentual menor pertencia ao grupo osteopenia. CONCLUSÃO: a qualidade de vida foi similar em mulheres com osteoporose e osteopenia, em relação às com DMO normal, à exceção do domínio vitalidade, que foi superior, paradoxalmente, nas pacientes com osteoporose.

Tamoxifen inhibits transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression in human breast carcinoma samples treated with triiodothyronine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da Histerectomia Total Abdominal sobre o Fluxo Sangüíneo Ovariano

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da histerectomia total abdominal (HTA) sobre o fluxo sangüíneo ovariano, em mulheres no menacme, por meio da dopplervelocimetria e ultra-sonografia transvaginal. Métodos: estudo prospectivo no qual foram incluídas 61 mulheres, com idade igual ou inferior a 40 anos. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: G1, com 31 pacientes submetidas à HTA, e G2, com 30 mulheres normais não submetidas à cirurgia. Somente foram incluídas pacientes eumenorréicas, ovulatórias, não-obesas ou fumantes, sem cirurgias ou doenças ovarianas prévias. Avaliou-se o fluxo sangüíneo das artérias ovarianas, inicialmente e aos 6 e 12 meses, pelo índice de pulsatilidade (IP) na dopplervelocimetria, e o volume ovariano pela ultra-sonografia transvaginal (US). Para análise estatística empregou-se teste t pareado, análise de perfil, teste de Friedman e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: na comparação estatística inicial os grupos foram homogêneos quanto às características epidemiológicas e quanto aos demais parâmetros avaliados neste estudo. Nas pacientes submetidas à histerectomia, observaram-se aos 6 e 12 meses aumento do volume ovariano ao US e diminuição do IP avaliado pela dopplervelocimetria (p<0,05), quando confrontadas ao controle. Aos 12 meses, em 8 das 31 pacientes pós-HTA (25,5%) verificou-se ocorrência de cistos ovarianos de aspecto benigno. No grupo controle não houve alteração de nenhum desses parâmetros. Conclusão: a redução do IP na dopplervelocimetria das artérias ovarianas sugere aumento do fluxo sangüíneo ovariano pós-histerectomia total abdominal em mulheres no menacme.

Fatores de risco para osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa do sudeste brasileiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indicadores antropométricos e as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em mulheres na pós-menopausa da região Sudeste do Brasil

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência dos indicadores antropométricos sobre os marcadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico para doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis em mulheres na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: realizou-se estudo clínico transversal, com 120 mulheres sedentárias na pós-menopausa (com idades entre 45 e 70 anos e última menstruação há, pelo menos, 12 meses). Foram excluídas as diabéticas insulino-dependentes e usuárias de estatinas ou terapia hormonal até seis meses prévios. Para avaliação antropométrica, foram obtidos peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC=peso/altura²) e circunferência da cintura (CC). As variáveis metabólicas avaliadas foram colesterol total (CT), HDL, LDL, triglicérides (TG), glicemia e insulina, para os cálculos do índice aterogênico plasmático (IAP) e resistência insulínica (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, HOMA-IR). Na análise estatística, utilizara-se análise de variância one-way (ANOVA) e Odds Ratio (OR). RESULTADOS: os dados médios caracterizaram amostra com sobrepeso, com obesidade central e dislipidêmica. Sobrepeso e obesidade estiveram presentes em 77,1% e deposição central de gordura ocorreu em 87,3% das participantes. Os valores médios de CT, LDL e TG estavam acima do recomendável em 67,8, 55,9 e 45,8% das mulheres, respectivamente, com HDL abaixo dos valores adequados em 40,7%. Valores de CC >88 cm ocorreram em 14,8% das mulheres eutróficas, 62,5% no grupo com sobrepeso e 100% nas obesas (p>0,05). Os valores médios de IAP, TG e HOMA-IR aumentaram significativamente com o aumento do IMC e da CC, enquanto que o HDL diminuiu (p<0,05). Na presença da CC >88 cm, encontrou-se risco de 5,8 (IC95%=2,3-14,8), 2,61 (IC95%=1,2-5,78), 3,4 (IC95%=1,2-9,7) e 3,6 (IC95%=1,3-10,3) para HDL reduzido, hipertrigliceridemia, IAP elevado e resistência a insulina, respectivamente (p<0,05). O IMC >30 kg/m² associou-se apenas com HDL reduzido (OR=3,1; IC95%=1,44-6,85). CONCLUSÕES: a associação de duas medidas antropométricas (CC e IMC) foi eficiente para adequado diagnóstico de obesidade relacionada a alterações metabólicas em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Contudo, a simples avaliação da CC pode ser indicativo do risco cardiovascular e metabólico das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

MUSCLE MASS GAIN AFTER RESISTANCE TRAINING IS INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH TRUNK ADIPOSITY GAIN IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Associations between healthy eating patterns and indicators of metabolic risk in postmenopausal women

Background: Since human diets contain many components that may work synergistically to prevent or promote disease, assessing diet quality may be informative. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between quality diet, by using Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and metabolic risk indicators in postmenopausal women.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 173 Brazilian women, aged 45-75 years, seeking healthcare at a public outpatient center. Food consumption assessed by 24 h-recall food inquiry was used to calculate HEI scores: >80 implied diet good, 80-51 diet needed improvement, and <51 diet poor. Anthropometric data included: body mass index (BMI = weight/height(2)), waist-circumference (WC), body fat (%BF) and lean mass (%LM). Data on total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglycerides (TG) were also collected. Fisher's Exact test, and logistic regression method (to determine odds ratio, OR) were used in the statistical analysis.Results: Overweight and obesity were observed in 75.7% of the participants. Excessive %BF (> 35%) was observed in 56.1%, while %LM was reduced (<70%) in 78.1%. WC was elevated (= 88 cm) in 72.3%. Based on HEI values, diet quality was good in 3% (5/173), needed improvement in 48.5% (84/173), and was poor in 48.5% (84/173) of the cases. In this group, 75% of women had high intakes of lipids (> 35%), predominantly saturated and monounsaturated fat. on average, plasma TC, LDLC, and TG levels were higher than recommended in 57.2%, 79.2% and 45.1% of the women, respectively, while HDLC was low in 50.8%. There was association between HEI scores and the %BF that it was higher among women with HEI score < 80 (p = 0.021). There were not observed significant risk associations between HEI and lipid profile.Conclusion: Among the Brazilian postmenopausal women attending a public outpatient clinic, diet was considered to need improvement or to be of poor quality, attributed to high saturated fat ingestion, which probably caused a negative impact on metabolic risk indicators, namely body composition.

Association between anthropometric indicators of body fat and metabolic risk markers in post-menopausal women

Objective. to evaluate anthropometric indicators of body fat and their association with metabolic risk markers in postmenopausal women.Methods. A cross-sectional study with 80 Brazilian women (40-70 years) was carried out. Body mass index (BMI = weight/height(2)), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were obtained for anthropometric evaluation. Trunk fat mass (TFM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The following metabolic variables were evaluated: total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), as well as glycemia and insulin to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results. Overweight and obesity were observed in 81% of the women. Values of WC >88 cm were observed in 68.5% of the women. on average, TC, LDL and TG levels were above normal levels in 60, 50 and 42.5% of the women, respectively; and HDL was normal in 82.5%. IR was observed in 37.5% of the women. Positive correlations were found between anthropometric indicators and TFM (P < 0.05). WC was most correlated with TFM (r = 0.92), followed by BMI (r = 0.88) and by WHR (r = 0.48; P < 0.05). All anthropometric indicators and TFM showed significant negative correlations with HDL and significant positive correlations with HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Only WHR was significantly associated with dysglycemia (R(2) = 12%), hypertriglyceridemia (R(2) = 17%) and decreased HDL (R(2) = 27%). WC was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (R(2) = 34%).Conclusion. WC and WHR are anthropometric measures that showed strong correlation with TFM and with metabolic risk markers in postmenopausal women.

Plasma hormones, muscle mass and strength in resistance-trained postmenopausal women

Objective: To associate changes of body composition, muscle strength (MS) and plasma hormones (PH) in resistance-training protocol in sedentary postmenopausal women (PMW).Design: This randomized controlled trial, Brazilian 43 PMW (45-70-year-old) able for physical exercises were selected after they have accomplished medical and ethical criteria. They were assigned in two groups: RT, resistance training (n = 22); and CT, not trained control (n = 2 1); with supervision sessions of two to three exercise for large and one exercise for smaller groups in three series of 8-12 rep. (60-80% 1RM) for each exercise. The training period lasted 16 weeks and was preceded by low-load exercise (40-50% 1RM) adaptation period of 4 weeks (3/(times week)). Body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and composition (BIA) along with fast-PH (FSH, LH, estrachol, cortisol, IGF-1 and testosterone) were assessed before (MO) and after (M 16) the 4 weeks period with the MS (1RM) determined also at 8 weeks (W). The values were correlated by Person's test and the means compared by Student's t-test and ANOVA.Results: At baseline both groups were similar in age, time of PMW, body composition, MS and fast-PH. However after 16 weeks, RT presented higher BMI (2. 1 %), IGF- 1 (37.8%) and MM gain (1.8 +/- 0.8 kg) than CT. MM correlated positively with IGF-1 (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) and MS progressively increased in all exercise greater in pectoral than legs and upper arms.Conclusion: Former sedentary postmenopausal women submitted to resistance training gained MM and MS irrespectively of fat mass changes but significantly associated with IGF-1 increase. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women

Objective: The objective was to analyze the effect of raloxifene oil the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women.Study design: In this non-randomized clinical trial, 80 women (mean age = 60.6 years) were prospectively studied. Forty patients received 60 mg/day of raloxifene (RG), and 40 women constituted it non-treated control group (CG), paired by age and time since menopause. The treated group consisted of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Those with a diagnosis of infection ill the lower genital tract and using hormone therapy (HT) up to 6 months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. The vaginal maturation value (VMV) was determined, and counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells were performed. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist who was blinded to patient data. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-Squared test were used in the statistical analysis.Results: The study groups were homogeneous regarding age, time since menopause, parity, HT use, smoking, and body mass index. No statistically significant differences were observed in VMV median values (RG, 39.7 and 35.7; CG, 50.0 and 50.0, respectively) or in the percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups at baseline and after 6 months (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between VMV and age, time since menopause, previous HT use, or body mass index, in either of the groups.Conclusion: Treatment with raloxifene for 6 months has no effect on the maturation of the vaginal epithelium ill postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment of risk factors for low bone mineral density in Brazilian postmenopausal women

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of hormone therapy on postural balance in postmenopausal women

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in Brazilian postmenopausal women

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated risk factors in Brazilian postmenopausal women.Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 368 postmenopausal women, aged 40-75 years, seeking health care at a public outpatient center in Southeastern Brazil, were included. According to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines, MetS was diagnosed in subjects with three or more of the following: waist circumference >= 88 cm, blood pressure >= 130/85 mHg, triglycerides >= 150 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dl and glucose >= 110 mg/dl. Data on past medical history, tobacco use, anthropometric indicators, and values of C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. Multivariate analysis, using a logistic regression model (odds ratio, OR) was used to evaluate the influence of various simultaneous MetS risk factors.Results The prevalence of having at least three, four and five MetS diagnostic criteria were met in 39.6%, 16.8% and 3.8% of the cases, respectively. The most prevalent risk factor was abdominal obesity, affecting 62.5% of women. The risk of MetS increased with a personal history of diabetes (OR 5.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.82-12.54), hypertension (OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.89-7.08), cardiovascular disease (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18-3.94) and high CRP (>1 mg/dl) (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.65-6.79). Plasma CRP levels increased with the number of MetS components present. Age, time since menopause and smoking had no influence, while hormone therapy reduced MetS risk (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.97).Conclusion Metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent among Brazilian postmenopausal women seeking gynecologic health care. Abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and high CRP were strong MetS predictors and hormone therapy appeared to play a protective role for this condition.