262 resultados para Meio ambiente - Conhecimento e juízos morais - Crianças e adolescentes
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FUNDAMENTO: Ausência de estudos na literatura validando equações preditivas da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) em crianças e adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Analisar a validade das equações preditivas da FCmáx 220 - idade e 208 - (0,7 x idade) em meninos com idades entre 10 e 16 anos. MÉTODOS: Um teste progressivo de esforço máximo foi realizado em 69 meninos com idades entre 10 e 16 anos, aparentemente saudáveis e ativos. A velocidade inicial do teste foi de 9 km/h com incrementos de 1 km/h a cada três minutos. O teste foi mantido até a exaustão voluntária, considerando-se como FCmáx a maior frequência cardíaca atingida durante o teste. A FCmáx medida foi comparada com os valores preditos pelas equações 220 - idade e 208 - (0,7 x idade) através da ANOVA, medidas repetidas. Resultados: Os valores médios da FCmáx (bpm) foram: 200,2 ± 8,0 (medida), 207,4 ± 1,5 (220 - idade) e 199,2 ± 1,1 (208 - (0,7 x idade)). A FCmáx predita pela equação 220 - idade foi significantemente maior (p < 0,001) que a FCmáx medida e que a FCmáx predita pela equação (208 - (0,7 x idade)). A correlação entre a FCmáx medida e a idade não foi estatisticamente significativa (r = 0,096; p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A equação 220 - idade superestimou a FCmáx medida e não se mostrou válida para essa população. A equação 208 - (0,7 x idade) se mostrou válida apresentando resultados bastante próximos da FCmáx medida. Estudos futuros estudos com amostras maiores poderão comprovar se a FCmáx não depende da idade para essa população, situação em que o valor constante de 200 bpm seria mais apropriado para a FCmáx.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumatológicas apresentam maior prevalência de doenças infecciosas quando comparados com a população em geral, em decorrência de atividade da doença, possível deficiência imunológica secundária à própria doença, ou uso de terapia imunossupressora. A vacinação é uma medida eficaz para a redução da morbidade e mortalidade nesses pacientes. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um consenso de eficácia e segurança das vacinas em crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumatológicas infantis baseadas em níveis de evidência científica. Imunização passiva para os pacientes e orientações para as pessoas que convivem com doentes imunodeprimidos também foram incluídas. Os 32 pediatras reumatologistas membros do Departamento de Reumatologia da Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo (SPSP) e/ou da Comissão de Reumatologia Pediátrica da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia elaboraram o consenso, sendo que alguns desses profissionais estão envolvidos em pesquisas e publicações científicas nesta área. A pesquisa dos termos eficácia e/ou segurança das diferentes vacinas em crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumatológicas foi realizada nas bases de Medline e Scielo, de 1966 até março de 2009, incluindo revisões, estudos controlados e relatos de casos. O grau de recomendação e o nível científico de evidências dos estudos foram classificados em quatro níveis para cada vacina. de um modo geral, as vacinas inativadas e de componentes são seguras nos pacientes com doenças reumatológicas, mesmo em uso de terapias imunossupressoras. Entretanto, vacinas com agentes vivos atenuados são, em geral, contraindicadas para os pacientes imunossuprimidos.
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Objective: to study the impact of chronic arthritis on health related quality of life by means of two self-reported tools: the parents' version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Childhood Health Questionnaire PF50® (CHQ). Methods: both tools were filled in after proper instructions by 36 parents, during 1-2 clinic visits. The Disability Index (CHAQ) and the Physical and Psychosocial scores (CHQ) were compared to the core set of outcome measures, namely 1) physician's global assessment, 2) parents' global assessment, both scored by 10 cm visual analogue scale, 3) number of joints with active arthritis, 4) number of joints with limited range of motion, 5) erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Results: there was significant difference for all measures of disease activity, being higher in the polyarticular as compared to oligoarticular except for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, parents' global assessment, and psychosocial score. This leads to different parents' perceptions of disease activity and outcome. The responsiveness of the outcome measures during two follow-up visits of patients receiving active treatment indicated better responsiveness of physicians' global assessment among the subjective measures, and intermediate responsiveness of the self-reported measures in comparison to the number of active and limited joints, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusions: the responsiveness of two health related quality of life tools indicates their relative sensitivity for assessing clinical improvement during active treatment in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients. Copyright © 2003 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
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Nasal polyps are a clinical sign of alert for investigating Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Aims: To study the incidence of nasal polyps in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, its possible association with age, gender, clinical manifestations, genotype and sweat chlorine level, and its evolution with topical steroid therapy. Methods: Clinical symptoms, sweat chlorine level and genotype were studied in 23 cystic fibrosis patients. Nasal polyps were diagnosed by nasal endoscopy and treated with topical steroids during 6 months, followed by a second nasal endoscopy. Fisher test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Nasal polyps were found in 39.1% of the patients (five bilateral, four unilateral), all older than six years, recurrent pneumonia in 82.6%, pancreatic insufficiency in 87% and malnutrition in 74%. No association was seen between nasal polyps and sweat chlorine level, genotype, clinical sings of severity and nasal symptoms. Seven patients improved in their nasal polyps with topical steroids, six showed complete resolution. Conclusion: The study showed a high incidence of nasal polyps in older children, who span the entire range of clinical severity, even in the absence of clinical nasal symptoms. Topical steroid therapy showed good results. An interaction among pediatricians and otolaryngologists is necessary for diagnosis and follow-up. 2008 © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. All Rights reserved.
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This study aimed to investigate the profile of the occurrence of abuse against children and adolescents. We analyzed the data recorded in police reports from the Department of Women's Defense, Araçatuba-SP, in 2008, relating to assault, victim-offender relationship, sociodemographic characteristics of offenders and victims, and victims' demand for health services. Among the accusations, there was a higher prevalence of physical abuse, being the residence the place of higher incidence of aggression. In most cases, the aggressor was the mother of the child, being the subject of aggression not reported, in most cases. Thus, we can define the profile of violent incidents against children, contributing to the visualization, knowledge and to deal with the problem.
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The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the maximal quantity of energy that can be produced by the aerobic metabolism in certain time unity. It can be determined direct or indirectly by predictive equations. The objective of this study was to make a specific predictive equation to determine the VO 2max from boys aged 10-16 years-old. Forty-two boys underwent a treadmill running ergospirometric test, with the initial velocity set at 9 km/h, until voluntary exhaustion. By the multiple linear regression was possible to develop the following equation for the indirect determination of the VO 2max: VO2max (ml/min) = -1574.06 + (141.38 x Vpeak) + (48.34 * Body mass), with standard error of estimate = 191.5 ml/min (4.10 ml/kg/min) and coefficient of determination = 0.934. We suggest that this formula is appropriate to predict VO2max for this population.
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Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of asthmatic children and adolescents, its relation with sociodemographic and clinical variables, and maternal coping strategies. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which children and adolescents with asthma answered a quality of life questionnaire, and their mothers did the same with a coping scale. Results: Out of the 42 children and adolescents investigated, 74% were classified as having mild/severe persistent asthma; 19%, mild persistent asthma; and 7%, intermittent asthma. A total of 69% of the participants showed impaired quality of life with mean scores ranging between 4.7 and 3.5, with greater harm in the domain of symptoms (score=3.6). There was a significant association between maternal schooling and the general index of quality of life, whereas maternal coping strategies were not associated with the severity of asthma. A large number of strategies used by mothers to cope with their children's crises were related to the management of stressors or to religious practices, and the latter presented negative correlation with the children's quality of life general index, showing that mothers whose children had worse quality of life used more religious coping. Conclusions: Asthmatic children, particularly those with moderate/severe persistent asthma, showed significant alterations as to quality of life. The high percentage of mothers using religious strategies, particularly in face of more severe clinical conditions, seem to indicate that they feel powerless to act, thus requiring concrete and useful orientation to low income families.
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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS