Reconsideration of histopathology and ultrastructural aspects of the human liver in yellow fever

Yellow fever is a re-emerging infectious disease that currently is at risk of urbanization due to the advance of the Aedes aegypti vector. The disease affects about 200,000 individuals annually, mainly in tropical Africa and South America. It causes severe disease involving especially the liver, with lesions characterized by midzonal steatosis, apoptosis and lytic necrosis of the hepatocytes. Quantitative histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 53 human hepatic samples demonstrated apoptosis, steatosis and lytic necrosis of hepatocytes with midzonal pattern. No substantial alterations and reticular network were observed. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of mononuclear cells and intensity was minimal or moderate, disproportionate to the intense death of the hepatocytes. Hepatic damage in yellow fever resulted mainly from a massive death of hepatocytes due to apoptosis and to a lesser extent due to lytic necrosis. It is recommended that therapeutic regimens for serious cases should include measures to protect against apoptosis. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sugar cane vinasse in water bodies: Impact assessed by liver histopathology in tilapia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Th17 pathway in the peripheral lung microenvironment interacts with expression of collagen V in the late state of experimental pulmonary fibrosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sensitivity and specificity of serological tests, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic chickens

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Therapeutic Delivery of miR-200c Enhances Radiosensitivity in Lung Cancer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Objective CT-Based Quantification of Lung Sequelae in Treated Patients With Paracoccidioidomycosis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Neoplasia mamária em cadelas: aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos

Oncology is presenting an important role in clinical practice as a speciality in recent years in Veterinary Medicine. Mammary gland tumors are detected mainly in old and middleaged bitches that are sexually intact or spayed and the caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands are the most affected and they present a percentage up to 75% of malignancy. The majority of dogs with mammary neoplasms are clinically healthy at the time of diagnosis and the tumors can be identified by the owner or a professional during a routine physical examination. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirates can be performed. This procedure is easy and low cost and some criteria that may indicate malignancy are evaluated, however to obtain a definitive diagnosis is performed histopathology of the excised tissue or from biopsy. Regional lymph nodes are the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from the neoplasm. They are at the highest risk of regional metastasis, while the lung is the most common site for distant metastasis. Determining the clinical stage enables the definition of the extension of the tumor. As a consequence, this allows a prognosis to be established and treatment to be planned. The type of therapy to be chosen incites controversy since there are numerous treatment options described, but the surgery is the chosen treatment. However, surgery is not always effective for malignant tumors, and recurrences may occur and in these cases, auxiliary chemotherapy treatments are used. The prognosis for animals that have mammary tumors depends on several factors, such as: size, stage, type of tumor cells and clinical behavior of the tumor, age and medical condition of the animal, and presence of metastasis. Because of this, more detailed studies are needed based on epidemiological surveys in order to provide more informations about risk factors, prevalence and follow-up after treatment of mammary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comparative study of histopathology and immunohistochemistry of indefinite round cell cutaneous tumors and characterization of canine lymphoma

With the purpose of shedding light on some doubts in veterinary oncology, the present article intends to compare the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of unspecific round cell neoplasia, to realize immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma cases, to establish the T or B origin of neoplastic cells, and to determine the degree of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Of 11 animals presenting immunohistochemical diagnosis of lymphoma, five had been diagnosed as Lymphoma by HE staining of histopathological slides and six had been classified as unspecific round cell neoplasia. All cases submitted to immunohistochemical examination were T-cell lymphomas. There was a positive correlation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The comparison among histopathological and immunohistochemical results obtained in the cases examined in the present study suggested that immunohistochemistry is essential for the differentiation of round cell neoplasia.

Haematology and histopathology of Nile tilapia parasitised by Epistylis sp., an emerging pathogen in South America

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Impairment of neutrophil migration to remote inflammatory site during lung histoplasmosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in cattle

The Macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical aspects of lung acinar adenocarcinoma and the presence of nodules in the abdominal cavity of an adult female bovine are reported. In the necropsy analysis samples were collected from the: lung, heart, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, uterus, intestine, brain, and from nodules found in the lung and abdominal cavity, which were routinely processed to be stained by hematoxylin-eosin and for an immunohistochemistry exam with the antibodies: cytokeratin (dilution 1: 200 mu L) and vimentin (dilution 1: 1000 mu L). The histopathological examination revealed neoplastic epithelial cells with acini formation. The immunohistochemical examination of the tumor cells showed positive marking for cytokeratin and the absence of marking for vimentin. According to anatomical, morphological, and histopathological findings, as well as the result of the immunohistochemical examination, the tumor was characterized as lung acinar adenocarcinoma.

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing mast cells

Immunohistochemical screening for monoclonal antibodies prepared by immunization of mice with a rat osteoblastic cell population led to identification of one antibody that reacted against a small population of cells present in the soft connective tissue compartment of 21 days fetal rat calvaria. The morphology of the cells and the immunohistochemical staining characteristics (a distinct intracellular granular pattern) suggested that the antibody might be reacting specifically against mast cells. We used combined histochemistry and immunohistochemistry to further characterize this antibody, designated RCJ102. Cryosections containing calvaria bone, soft connective tissues and skin were prepared from the top of the head of 21 days fetal rats, and from adult rats cryosections of lung, muscle, adipose tissue and small intestine were prepared. Some sections were labelled by indirect immunofluorescence with RCJ102; corresponding sections were labelled histochemically with toluidine blue. There was a direct correspondence between mast cells identified histochemically and cells labelling with RCJ102 in all tissues except intestine, in which the mast cell detectable by histochemistry were not labelled by RCJ102. These results suggest that the RCJ102 antibody will be a valuable new reagent for further elucidation of the heterogeneity described between connective tissue and intestinal mucosal mast cells.

Histopathology of the pulp of primary molars with active and arrested dentinal caries

The purpose of this study was to compare the histological appearance of the pulp of human primary molars with active and arrested lesions. The sample consisted of 36 primary molars (18 with active lesions and 18 with arrested lesions) extracted from 35 children between 5 to 9 years of age. The histological diagnosis was classified in normal pulp, transitional stage, partial pulpitis, total pulpitis and total necrosis, and then subdivided in three subgroups: treatable, untreatable and questionable. Results showed that normal pulp or transitional stage (treatable category) was diagnosed in 50% of teeth with arrested lesions, compared to 11.1% of teeth with active lesions. Partial pulpitis (questionable category) was present in 38.8% with arrested lesions compared to 22.2% with active lesions. Total pulpitis and total necrosis (untreatable category) was diagnosed in 11.2% with arrested lesions compared to 66.7% with active lesions. The observed frequencies of histological categories between both groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Histologically, pulp reaction under active and arrested lesions in primary molars revealed the formation of a basophilic calcio-traumatic line at the junction of the primary and reparative dentin, formation of reparative dentin and a regular odontoblastic layer in 60% of the cases. Results indicated that the type of lesion (active or arrested) is a good indicator of the histological status of the pulp.

Interpreting histopathology in the epididymis

While most of this Special Issue is devoted to the testis (which is where most drug and chemically induced toxicity of the male reproductive tract is identified), being able to recognize and understand the potential effects of toxicants on the epididymis is immensely important and an area that is often overlooked. The epididymis is the organ where the post-testicular sperm differentiation occurs, through a complex and still not completely understood sperm maturation process, allowing them to fertilize the oocyte. Also in the epididymis, sperm are stored until ejaculation, while being protected from immunogenic reaction by a blood-epididymis barrier. From a toxicologic perspective the epididymis is inherently complicated as its structure and function can be altered both indirectly and directly. In this review we will discuss the factors that must be considered when attempting to distinguish between indirect and direct epididymal toxicity and highlight what is currently known about mechanisms of epididymal toxicants, using the rat as a reference model. We identify 2 distinguishable signature lesions - one representing androgen deprivation (secondary to Leydig cell toxicity in the testis) and another representing a direct acting toxicant. Other commonly observed alterations will also be shown and discussed. Finally, we point out that many of the key functions of the epididymis can be altered in the absence of a detectable change in tissue structure. Collectively, we hope this will provide pathologists with increased confidence in identification of epididymal toxicity and enable more informed guidance as mechanism of action is considered.

Cardiopulmonary bypass: development of John Gibbon's heart-lung machine

To provide a brief review of the development of cardiopulmonary bypass. A review of the literature on the development of extracorporeal circulation techniques, their essential role in cardiovascular surgery, and the complications associated with their use, including hemolysis and inflammation. The advancement of extracorporeal circulation techniques has played an essential role in minimizing the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass, which can range from various degrees of tissue injury to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Investigators have long researched the ways in which cardiopulmonary bypass may insult the human body. Potential solutions arose and laid the groundwork for development of safer postoperative care strategies. Steady progress has been made in cardiopulmonary bypass in the decades since it was first conceived of by Gibbon. Despite the constant evolution of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and attempts to minimize their complications, it is still essential that clinicians respect the particularities of each patient's physiological function.