Monitoramento temporal da pluma de contaminação no aterro de resíduos urbanos de Rio Claro (SP) por meio do método geofísico da eletrorresistividade

Several factors have contributed to the increase the world production of urban solid waste, resulting in difficulties to the correct management and the final environmentally appropriate disposal, in addition to causing serious socio-economic, environmental, and public health troubles. The soil and groundwater contamination by leachate in waste disposal sites is almost always present, leveraging the emergence and/or adaptation of methodologies for environmental assessment of these areas. The geophysical methods, especially the electrical resistivity method, are fast, reliable and low-cost alternative for this purpose. This paper reports the methodology adopted for the temporal monitoring of the plume of contamination of controlled landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP). Electrical resistivity data were obtained in 1999 and 2008, by the resistivity method, using the techniques of vertical electrical sounding and electrical profile. In both years, similar tests were carried out in the same locations within the disposal area. The results indicated that the plume of contamination has resistivity values less than or equal to 50 ohm.m and moves guided by 2 flows: the main, to the southeast, and the secondary, to the west. Relatively to the first series of tests in 1999, the plume of contamination was higher and deeper in 2008, contrary to what was expected for a landfill deactivated for at least 10 years.

Caracterização geofísica em aterro de resíduos sólidos para avaliação de condicionantes de instabilidade geotécnica

The disposal of solid waste can create environmental problems, in addition to the potential risk of instability even in planned geotechnical works, such as provisions in stacks or high ends of the landfill, because they represent mere adjustments in civil engineering works. The Leme city, SP, generates about 35 t/day of municipal waste, that are deposited in a landfill located in the Barro Preto neighborhood. This work conducted a geophysical survey, based on geotechnical instability evidence in area, for analysis of the conditioners that cause on the sides leachate resurgence landfill and its relationship to mass movements and ravines installation in cover soil, with consequent waste exposure. The results indicate horizons of low resistivity connected with resurgence points generated by the organic matter decomposition contained in the waste. Such horizons result in leachate concentration in some places, which, in turn, may lead to loss of cohesion of the materials constituting the residues mass. The results are areas with mass flow by rotational movements, which, together with the surface flow of rainwater, evolves into ravines and exposed residues, preferably at the resurgence point. The leachate flow on the surface affects areas beyond the limits at landfill with direct impact on local agriculture and risk to pedestrians using the highway bordered by the landfill beyond the soil and the local aquifer.

O grupo araxá na região sul-sudoeste do estado de goiás

In the S - SW region of Goiás State, Brazil, the Araxá Group is constituted of a metasedimentary sequence containing schistose and gneissic (garnet-biotite-quartz schists, feldspatic garnet-biotite-quartz schists, garnet-biotite-quartz paragneisses, with muscovite and locally amphibole, epidote, kyanite and staurolite. This sequence presents intercalations of metaul-tramafc rocks (serpentinite, actinolite schist, talc schist, chlorite schist), metamafc ones (amphibolite, amphibole schist containing or not garnet, garnet amphibolite) and associated granitic bodies. Chemically, the Araxá Group metasediments present peraluminous composition, showing enrichment in LILE, when compared with HFSE and REE, and displaying negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti. Their chemical composition is that of greywake and the chemical characteristics of the sediments are generated in magmatic arcs. Isotopic data for Sm/Nd - model ages (TDM) between 1,04 - 1,51 and 1,76 - 2,26 Ga - and U/Pb (predominance of zircon with ages < 900 Ma) suggest that these metasediments have Neoproterozoic rocks as the source rocks. Chemical and isotopic characteristics of the studied metasediments suggest that their source are rocks originated in magmatic arcs and that they were deposited in a fore arc basin developed in the margins of Neoproterozoic island arcs.

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