414 resultados para Densidade da madeira
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Estudaram-se os efeitos da ovarioisterectomia na densidade mineral óssea de cadelas e da reposição de estrógenos após a cirurgia. Foram utilizadas 12 cadelas, sem raça definida, entre dois e seis anos de idade e pesos entre 5 e 15kg. Os animais, submetidos à ovarioisterectomia, foram separados em dois grupos de seis. Um grupo serviu como controle, e o outro recebeu estrógenos naturais conjugados na dose de 0,01mg/kg via oral a cada 48 horas, durante 12 meses. No dia da cirurgia e após 12 meses, foram feitas radiografias com vistas à densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica. A ovarioisterectomia diminuiu a densidade óssea, e a reposição estrogênica, na dose utilizada, foi capaz de preservá-la.
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O presente estudo traz informações sobre a utilização da madeira de duas variedades de Sclerolobium paniculatum (var. subvelutinum e rubiginosum) em propriedades rurais do sul do Maranhão, a análise anatômica do lenho e a correlação destas características com o uso da madeira. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 17 agricultores residentes na zona rural dessa região, com a finalidade de se conhecer a utilização destas variedades nas propriedades rurais. As variedades subvelutinum Benth. e rubiginosum (Mart. ex Tul. ) Benth. são conhecidas na região como cachamorra-preta e cachamorra-branca, respectivamente, sendo a primeira mais utilizada na confecção de cercados. Para o estudo anatômico do lenho, foram coletados discos à altura do peito de três indivíduos de cada variedade e, destes, obtidas amostras do cerne, na região de transição com o alburno. As amostras foram processadas de acordo com a metodologia usual para anatomia de madeira. Houve diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para seis parâmetros anatômicos entre as duas variedades. A utilização diferencial das variedades pode ser decorrente, principalmente, das características das fibras e dos elementos de vasos. Sugere-se que sejam realizados estudos que abordem variações climáticas e características do solo para melhor entendimento das diferenças anatômicas quantitativas encontradas no lenho das variedades.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade da cúrcuma em função da época e densidade de plantio, este experimento foi instalado no período de outubro de 1994 a julho de 1995, em campo, na Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), no município de Lavras-MG. Foram avaliados os fatores épocas de plantio (20/out, 20/nov, 20/dez e 20/jan) e espaçamento entre plantas na linha de plantio (0,20; 0,35 e 0,50m), sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas sub-divididas, com três repetições. A produção de rizomas por planta e por área foram influenciados significativamente pela interação dos fatores avaliados. Maiores produtividades por planta (673,13g) e por área (24.678,82kg ha-1) foram obtidas nos plantios de 20 de novembro e espaçamentos entre plantas, respectivamente, de 0,36 e 0,30m.
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Com o objetivo de estabelecer os valores normais da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl) de eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), foi radiografado o osso acessório do carpo de animais desta raça e aplicada a técnica da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica (DOR). Foram utilizados animais de 20 a 30 meses de idade, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas. A DMO média foi de 4,7 ± 0,1mmAl para os machos e de 4,6 ± 0,1mmAl para as fêmeas, não sendo significativa a diferença entre estes valores.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Para estudar o efeito da densidade de plantas sobre a produção de vagens e seus componentes na cultura do amendoim cv. Tatu, em solos com diferentes fertilidades, foram realizados três experimentos, em condições de campo, no município de Pontal, SP, em um Latossolo Roxo, em anos agrícolas distintos, no cultivo das águas. As densidades estudadas foram 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 e 26 plantas por metro, em espaçamento de 0,60 m entre linhas. O componente de produção responsável pela variação da produção de vagens por planta foi o número de vagens, tendo diminuído com o aumento da densidade de plantas. Nas maiores densidades de plantas, as produções por planta foram menores, todavia devido à maior população de plantas, foram obtidas nestas as maiores produtividades de vagens. Produtividades de vagens, sem perdas significativas em relação às maiores densidades, foram obtidas nas densidades de 14 plantas por metro em solo de alta fertilidade e de 11 plantas por metro em solos de média/baixa fertilidades, que originaram, respectivamente, 12,92, 10,67 e 10,93 plantas por metro à colheita.
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In this work, the effects of sowing densities on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop, cv. Tatu were studied. Three experiments were carried out under field conditions on a soil classified as ''Latosol Roxo'', in the Municipality of Pontal, SP, during the wet seasons of 1987-88, 1988-89, and 1989-90. The densities studied were 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 seeds in one metter of row, under some row spacing of 0.60 m. The pod number per plant was the yield component responsible for the variation of pod production per plant and these decreased with the increase of sowing density. However. The low pod production per plant in high densities of sowing was compensated by the high populations of plants and these produced high yield. Thus, good pod yields were obtained, without significant losses of yield compared with the higher densities, at density of 13 seeds per meter, in 1987-88, 16 seeds per meter in 1988-89 and 10 seeds per meter in 1989-90, that resulted, respectively, in 11.36, 12.72 and 9.28 plants per meter at harvest time.
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Man cultivates the soil for centuries, but the intensive business and use of the soils under Cerrado vegetation for agricultural production grew out of the seventies. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical characteristics as a function of sampling time and the soil uses in a Cerrado area in Uberlandia City - MG, Brazil. The managements were adopted: degraded pasture (M-1), conventional tillage (M-2), minimum tillage (M-3), tillage absence (M-4), no-tillage (NT) for three years (M-5); NT for nine years (M-6), NT for three years after Pinus (M-7), PD for one year after Pinus (M-8) and Pinus forest (M-9) with 25 years old. The evaluations were conducted in 2002/03 growing season, in two areas. The soils were: area 1, an Oxisol (Red Latosol - LV-1, M-1 through M-5) and area 2, two Oxisols (Red Latosol and Red-Yellow Latosol - LVA and LV-2, M-6 through M-9). The physical attributes studied changed depending of the soil class, sampling time and management systems, with emphasis on the area 2 soils, which, in general, better preserved its main physical attributes. Managements with intense tillage, such as the M-2, are the most soil physically degrade, presenting mostly negative changes to soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity and macroporosity. Since the systems which promote less tillage, in short term, to preserve desirable physical attributes. The M-9 system had the lowest attributes range, compared to the others.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different stock densities (0.33; 0.67 e 1.00 fish L-1) on freshwater angelfish productive performance reared in aquarium. Fish were fed with commercial diets during 35 days in two diary meals. The experimental design was entirely randomized and for each density were used four replicates. Were evaluated physical-chemical water parameters: temperature, oxygen dissolved concentration and total ammonia concentration and growth performance parameters: weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate, final standard length, conduction factor and length uniformity. Results were submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05), it was used the statistic program ESTAT 2.0. Mortality was not observed in any tested density. on physical-chemical water parameters, total ammonia level increased significantly with stock density increasing, but they did not showed clinical signs of ammonia toxicity. As there were no significant differences between treatments, stock density 1.00 fish L-1 is the most indicated because it allows higher production.
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Kinetics of the removal of Eucalyptus grandis wood extractives during Kraft pulping. The objective of this work was to study the kinetics of the removal of Eucalyptus grandis wood extractives during Kraft pulping. The pulping was done in steel tubular reactors using wood saw under the following conditions: active alkali = 14%, sulfidity = 25%; liquor-to-wood ratio = 10 L kg(-1) of dry wood; and temperatures of 130, 150, 160 and 180 C during 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. After pulping, analyses were conducted of the yield and extractives in residue (pulp and reject). Total extractives (ethyl alcohol-toluene (1:2), ethyl alcohol and hot water, respectively) and soluble extractives in acetone were analyzed. The results showed that most extractives are degraded in the first 30 minutes of the pulping process. It was observed that the removal occurs in two different stages: the first is rapid, where the majority of the extractives are removed, and the last is slow, where few extractives are removed.
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Examines drainage density and networks in terms of methods of calculation, spatial and temporal variability, their relationship with hydrological basins and their paleoclimatic significance.-R.N.Gwynne
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A study was carried out, on both sexes, to determine the effects of chlorpropamide (DIABINESE) and glibenclamide (DAONIL) on patients with Type II diabetes using as metabolic parameters the following serum: glucose, amilase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids. The results indicated that both drugs were potentially similar in relation to glycemia, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and free fatty acids, in both sexes. Chlorpropamide was significantly more effective in reducing amilase activity in male diabetics than glibenclamide. The above mentioned hypoglycemiants did not reduce glycemia to basic levels in either masculine or feminine groups of diabetics.
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The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding three levels of energy (2800, 3000 and 3200 kcal ME/kg) in diets and two stocking densities (10 and 22 birds/m 2) on broilers performance. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replication per treatment. The factors studied were levels of energy in the diet, population density, and sex. The birds were killed at 42 days of age. The data indicate that increasing energy levels in the diets of broilers, 1 to 42 days of age, reduced feed intake, improved feed conversion, and increased the amount of abdominal fat, energy intake, and weight gain without affecting carcass yield. There was no significant effect of diet on the live weight production of broilers produced per area of floorspace or on mortality. The higher values for carcass yield were obtained for birds raised under the higher population density and for males in comparison to females. With the exception of the undesirable elevation in the amount of abdominal fat, the increase in the level of energy in the diets resulted, in general, in an improvement in the performance of the broilers independent of the population density. However, the response to the amount of energy in the diet was similar for both population densities.
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It were analyzed Eucalyptus grandis trees of 8 years old in the forest group of Duraflora S/A, with different annual increments based on volume, to the related studies of specific gravity values based on productivity indexes. The methodology used in analysis of specific gravity was the gamma-ray attenuation technique of Americium-241. The Eucalyptus grandis showed a specific gravity decreasing with the increasing of parcel productivity. For a gain of 3,5 m3 in productivity there was a decreasing of 1% in specific gravity. Nevertheless, it was not observed correlation between specific gravity and basal area in a same parcel. The present work stands out too, some of the difficulties found with relation to wood specific gravity determinations and emphasize the importance of take samples in the form of full rounded plates in three or four relative positions in the tree.