Conceito e classificação da dormência em sementes

Despite being known to science for quite a long time, the phenomenon of seed dormancy still baffles the scientific community for the multiple complex underlying mechanisms. The current classification systems of seed dormancy attempt to condense all that is known about the phenomenon in an attempt to generate a conceptual database that would enable facilitated interpretation of upcoming information and allow for a better contextuation of research in this field. The present paper is a preliminary overview of the current panorama of concepts and classification systems of seed dormancy that intends to serve as a standpoint for future research in this field.

Classificação citológica dos linfomas caninos

Lymphoma is among the most frequent canine neoplasia and share many similarities with human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in respect of etiology, epidemiology, clinical, morphological and immunophenotipical aspects. Human classification schemes have been used in canine lymphoma. The aim of this work was apply Kiel, Working Formulation and Fournel-Fleury's et al. (1994) classification in Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology matherial. According to Kiel scheme 61.02% (36 cases) were high-grade lymphomas and 38.98% (23 cases) low grade. The Working Formulation, showed 11.86% (7 cases) of low grade, 61.02% (36 cases) intermediary grade and 27.12% (16 cases) high grade. In Fournel-Fleury's protocol revealed a predominance of high-grade lymphoma, with 61.02% (36 cases) over 38.98% (23 cases) of low grade. In conclusion, FNA can be used as a diagnostic method and in canine lymphoma cytological classification. Kiel's system showed the best results, once is based on cytologic basis.

Classificação de áreas de favelas a partir de imagens IKONOS: Viabilidade de uso de uma abordagem orientada a objeto

The growth of large cities is usually accelerated and disorganized, which causes social, economical and infrastructural conflicts and frequently, occupation in illegal areas. For a better administration of these areas, the public manager needs information about their location. This information can be obtained through land utilization and land cover maps, where orbital images of remote sensing are used as one of the most traditional sources of data. In this context, the present work tested the applicability of the object-based classification to categorize two slum areas, taking into account the structure of the streets, size of the huts, distance between the houses, among other parameters. These area combinations of physical aspects were analyzed using the image IKONOS II and the software eCognition. Slum areas tend to be, to the contrary of the planned areas, disarranged, with narrow streets, small houses built with a variety of materials and without definition of blocks. The results of land cover classification for slum areas are encouraging because they are accurate and little ambiguous in the classification process. Thus, it would allow its utilization by urban managers.

Viabilidad económica de la utilización de biogás para la conversión en energía eléctrica

The economic viability of the electrical power generation using biogas from swine wastes, was determined. The analyzed biodigester is a continuous tubular model with brick concrete duct and plastic covering with a gasometer, in which the waste of 2.300 fattening pigs are deposited daily. The initial investment estimate for the installation was R$ 51.537, the system annual costs were R$ 5.700, for maintenance, R$ 4.400 for depreciation and R$ 1.370 for interests. It was found that an average consumption of 28 kW-hour-1 is the minimum that the system must reach to be economically feasible.

Classificação Estrutural e Qualidade da Madeira do Clone GT 1 de Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg

Latex is the main product extracted from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). In Brazil, at the end of the production cycle of latex, the wood of rubber tree is traditionally used for energy purposes, but several international studies have reported consolidated practices of adding value to it. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the quality of wood and classify it structurally based on its mechanical properties. Six 20-year-old trees of the clone GT 1 of rubber tree proceeding from Itajobi, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil were sampled. Reduced dimensions specimens in the radial direction of the wood were produced to evaluate the quality by compression parallel to the grain, static bending and Janka hardness tests. Two specimens, one from the lower log (since the ground up to breast height) and one from the higher log (from breast height up to 2.50 m) were produced for structural classification of the wood based on the characteristic strength in compression parallel to the grain (NBR 7190 norm, 1997). The wood was classified as C40 (fc0k ≥ 40 MPa) class. Results revealed that the strength was not statistically different in the radial direction (except for the Janka hardness), though tending to increase from pith to bark.

Rendimento no desdobro de toras de itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba) e tauari (Couratari guianensis) segundo a classificação da qualidade da tora

Residues generated from wood processing and transformation result in a considerable waste of raw material, which adds no value to such noble good. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of sawn timber from Itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba) and Tauarí (Couratari guianensis) species. To this end, the volumetry and yield percentage of three logs from each species were classified and calculated. The Tauarí species resulted in yields for logs 1, 2 and 3, of 49.70% to 50.28% 39.20%, respectively; while for the Itaúba species, the yields for logs 1, 2 and 3 were of 51.03%; 50.29%; and 47.60%, respectively. It was not possible to verify whether the classification of log quality have influenced the yield.

Viabilidade econômica de quatro intensidades de pastejo do capim Tanzânia na pecuária de corte1

Were evaluated the economic effects of four grazing heights (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) of Tanzânia grass for beef cattle. The total area was 12 acres divided into paddocks of one hectare, with three replications. We used three animals, males, Nelore per paddock, as more animals need additional adjustment to the height you want. The reduction in sward height allowed higher stocking rate, which, even with a reduction in individual performance, there was more beef production per area. The interest rate on capital given the property represented the largest share in the final cost of production. The participation of fixed variables showed a positive linear function of the increase in height from grazing, showing significant reduction of the production scale. A reduction in cost of production per hectare per year with increasing grazing height. No differences were found in certain economic indicators, and the four systems remunerate the capital invested.