117 resultados para Análise de Sistema


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Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) is one of the main tools currently used to ensure safety, quality and integrity of foods. So, the aim of this study was to develop and implement the HACCP program in the processing of pasteurized grade A milk Checklists were used to assess on the level of the pre requisites programs and on the sanitary classification of the dairy industry and the results were used as references for the development of the HACCP system. A "decision tree" protocol was used for the identification of the critical control points (CCP). No physical or chemical CCP were identified, whereas pasteurization and packaging were considered biological CCP For these CCP, the limits for prevention, monitoring needs, corrective actions, critical limits and verification procedures were established. The pre requisites program was essential for the establishment of the system. The implementation of the HACCP for the processing of grade A pasteurized milk was efficient to control the biological hazards and enabled the product to comply with the legislation specifications and achieve safety.

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Abstracts : The development of analytic methods more selective and sensitive is of great importance for a better quality in the determination of chemical species, therefore increasing the reliability of the results. In this way, the optimization of separation/concentration is still necessary. The use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers - MIPs have demonstrated to be an efficient tool of analysis with a great potential in minimizing limitations of separation/concentration techniques traditionally employed. In general, the MIPs are obtained by polymerization in the presence of a template to be imprinted so that a polymeric skeleton is formed around the future analyte. In the present work, the template used is Estradiol Valerate (EV), compound used in the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during climacteric. After the polymerization in bulk and in an anaerobic environment using MAA, EGDMA, AIBN, acetonitrile and VE, the obtained MIP was powdered, sifted (<120 μm) and placed in a soxhlet system containing ethanol at 60 °C, in order to remove the imprinted molecule through six successive washes in periods of 24 hours. The water used in the washings was analyzed using HPLC and spectrophotometry UV/Vis. Then, the obtained MIP was dried at room temperature and 150 mg was inset in SPE cartridges in order to evaluate the polymer's efficiency in the analyte pre-concentration and extraction. To do so, 100,0 mL of VE standard solution (2mg L-1) were pre-concentrated at 4,0 mL min-1 and eluted with 10,0 mL ethanol at 1,0 mL min-1, obtaining recoveries of 53%. Additionally, a NIP (non-imprinting polymer) was prepared to compare the obtained results, in which the recovery was 80%. In the same way, studies were conducted using commercial Strata™-X cartridges, obtaining 53% recovery. Since, the results did not reflect that than was expected, in relation with the MIP efficiency in the recovery, a computational ...

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The Earth receives annually 1,5.1018 kWh of solar energy, which corresponds to 1000 times the world energy consumption in this period. This fact comes out that, besides being responsible for the maintenance of life on Earth, the solar radiation is in an inexhaustible energy source, with an enormous potential for use by systems capture and conversion into another form of energy. In many applications of low power systems that convert light directly into electricity, called photovoltaic advantageously replace other means of production processes, where its distribution is very significant. The determination of the power generated by such a system is of paramount importance for the design energy of its implementation and evaluation of the system itself. This study aims to determine a relationship between the maximum power generated by solar photovoltaic and characteristic parameters of the generator. This relationship allows to evaluate the performance of such a system. For simulations of the developed equations were used 3 photovoltaic modules with an output of 100 Wp each, and data collection was performed during one year by enrolling in addition to meteorological data, solar irradiance incident on the modules.

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The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands, the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (39,49%), agrotoxics (27,74%), and fossile energy of diesel (24,94%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 12,86 and cultural liquid energy got to 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno (2002), who researched conventional planting system. The cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly different: 9.696,97 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.722,89 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.025,92 MJ x ha-1, compared to convencional system: 70.334,60 MJ x ha-1. The energectic loss of nitrogened fertilizers contributed for the high energetic loss of both energetic studied matrices. There are few contribution from biological energy source in both systems.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)