As origens do sindicato de trabalhadores agrícolas no Brasil - questões e problemas

Este artigo aborda a participação do Estado como redefinidor das lutas camponesas. Aponta, através de estudos significativos já existentes, para a caracterização da revolução burguesa no Brasil enquanto uma revolução pelo alto. Tais estudos sugerem nova abordagem para a questão agrária, imersa num processo de transformações que não teria implicado o desenvolvimento do sistema de representação democrático. Finalmente, propõe estudo do sindicato de trabalhadores agrícolas que recorte a evolução das condições institucionais que progressivamente organizaram o trabalho e os conflitos sociais.

A reforma agrária na nova constituição: avanço(s) ou retrocesso(s)?

Tem o presente artigo o objetivo de questionar os posicionamentos que visualizam, nos preceitos estabelecidos pela Constituição de 1988, obstáculos à execução da Reforma Agrária no Brasil. Nesse sentido procura precisar o significado da Reforma Agrária hoje, a partir das transformações por que passou a agricultura brasileira nas duas últimas décadas.

A mulher e as contradições do capitalismo agrário

O artigo lida com a transição da economia rural familiar para o salariato. O status da mulher sofre redução e os elementos femininos perdem também funções econômicas.

Notas sobre o capitalismo agrário no Brasil

Este artigo analisa a questão do capitalismo agrário brasileiro, tomando como campo para reflexão tanto tendências gerais do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Brasil, como o desenvolvimento do capitalismo na região da Alta Sorocabana. O artigo divide-se em quatro partes: a primeira parte constitui-se na colocação do problema, e nela são elaboradas basicamente duas idéias que o artigo discute, quais sejam: I) haveria uma incapacidade do capitalismo rural de submeter completamente o trabalhador rural a suas regras, e 2) haveria uma incapacidade propriamente empresarial por parte dos proprietários de terra, o que os torna mais proprietários que empresários. Na segunda parte reflete-se sobre a primeira idéia, levando-se em conta aspectos encontrados na A Ita Sorocabana. A terceira parte é uma discussão da segunda questão, amplamente apoiada nos resultados de pesquisa empírica, e na quarta parte se chega a algumas tentativas de conclusões.

A disputa territorial e o controle das políticas no território Cantuquiriguaçu – Estado do Paraná: a participação dos movimentos socioterritoriais e o papel do estado

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Emissão de CO2, características do dossel e acúmulo de forragem em pastos de capim-pensacola sob frequências de desfolhação

The aim of this study was to evaluate CO2 emission, canopy characteristics and herbage accumulation in pastures of pensacola bahiagrass under frequencies of defoliation. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. The experimental period was from May 3rd to July 26th 2012. The experimental area comprised 28 m² of pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), divided into 10 plots for allocation of treatment (frequencies of defoliation = 2 or 4 weeks). The following variables were studied: canopy height, light interception, leaf area index, herbage accumulation, tiller density, CO2 emissions, soil temperature and moisture. The frequencies of defoliation in the months of May, June and July slightly affect pensacola bahiagrass characteristics. CO2, soil temperature and moisture are more associated to environmental conditions (months of evaluation) than to the frequencies of defoliation imposed to the canopies.

The impact of the law 10,267/2001 in the brazilian rural registration

The publication of the Law 10,267 of 08/28/2001 changed the paradigm of rural registration in Brazil, because this law known as the Law of Georeferencing has created the National Registration of Rural Property, that unifies in a common basis different registrations present in several government agencies, such as the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Secretariat of Federal Revenue, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, and the National Indian Foundation. Also, this new registration system has a graphical component which has not existed until such date, where the boundaries of rural property are georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System. This new paradigm has resulted in a standardization of the survey and its representation of rural properties according to the Technical Standard for Georeferencing of Rural Properties, published by INCRA in compliance with the new legislation. Due to the georeferencing, the creation of a public GIS of free access on the Internet was possible. Among the difficulties found it may be observed the great Brazilian territory, the need for specialized professionals, and especially the certification process that INCRA has to perform for each georeferenced property. It is hoped that this last difficulty is solved with the implementation of the Land Management System that will allow automated and online certification, making the process more transparent, agile and fast.

Transição energética em direção à energia renovável: revisitando a questão da política industrial como instrumento de desenvolvimento tecnológico

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Qualidade da carne de cordeiros desmamados com diferentes idades e elaboração de produtos cárneos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Trabalho e desenvolvimento: a realidade rural e a questão social

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O padrão de desenvolvimento dos agronegócios no Brasil e a atualidade histórica da reforma agrária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transformando Terra em Território: construção e dinâmica do sistema local territorial agroecológico em Francisco Beltrão, Paraná

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Os processos de territorialização e desterritorialização da educação do campo no sudoeste do Paraná

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

The contribution of multiple use forest management to small farmers' annual incomes in the Eastern Amazon

Small-scale farmers in the Brazilian Amazon collectively hold tenure over more than 12 million ha of permanent forest reserves, as required by the Forest Code. The trade-off between forest conservation and other land uses entails opportunity costs for them and for the country, which have not been sufficiently studied. We assessed the potential income generated by multiple use forest management for farmers and compared it to the income potentially derived from six other agricultural land uses. Income from the forest was from (i) logging, carried out by a logging company in partnership with farmers' associations; and (ii) harvesting the seeds of Carapa guianensis (local name andiroba) for the production of oil. We then compared the income generated by multiple-use forest management with the income from different types of agrarian systems. According to our calculations in this study, the mean annual economic benefits from multiple forest use are the same as the least productive agrarian system, but only 25% of the annual income generated by the most productive system. Although the income generated by logging may be considered low when calculated on an annual basis and compared to incomes generated by agriculture, the one-time payment after logging is significant (US$5,800 to US$33,508) and could be used to implement more intensive and productive cropping systems such as planting black pepper. The income from forest management could also be used to establish permanent fields in deforested areas for highly productive annual crops using conservation agriculture techniques. These techniques are alternatives to the traditional land use based on periodic clearing of the forest. Nevertheless, the shift in current practices towards adoption of more sustainable conservation agriculture techniques will also require the technical and legal support of the State to help small farmers apply these alternatives, which aim to integrate forest management in sustainable agricultural production systems.

Geografia dos movimentos socioterritoriais no Brasil de 2000 à 2012

The struggle for land is not a recent theme in Brazilian history. Since colonization, people have fought and resisted against oppression and injustice in the countryside, as can be evidenced by the highwaymen, peasant leagues and the war of Canudos. More recently, the struggle for land and agrarian reform can be evidenced by the struggles of the MST, CONTAG, CPT and other movements. For these movements, denominated as socioterritorial movements, land/territory is an essential condition for their existence and for the maintenance of their territoriality. The present paper examines the geography of socioterritorial moviments: the construction of the concept of socioterritorial movements and their forms of action and scales of actuation in the period 2000 to 2012, focusing on the movements that have been most active. These movements are studied through as analysis of data of the Land Struggle Data Base (Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra –DATALUTA), print and digital media reports and a bibliographic survey of the literature. The action of socioterritorial movements can be studied through the forms of land occupations and demonstrations in the countryside which are the principal means of the struggle against large landholders, agribusiness and the State. These actions question the model of development which privileges agribusiness and, as such, are viewed by some as a hindrance to the development of the country. Over the years, the number of socioterritorial moviments, and their actions have oscillated due to a series of factors, such as repression (criminalization of members and violence against them), policies adopted by Brazilian governments and the contradictions inherent in very process of the spacialization of the struggle for land. These actions can be analyzed according to the scale of the struggle of the movements – municipal, micro-regional, state, macro-regional, and national