Qualidade dos estudos clínicos publicados na RBGO ao longo de uma década (1999-2009): aspectos metodológicos, éticos e procedimentos estatísticos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução metodológica e do delineamento estatístico nas publicações da Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (RBGO) a partir da resolução 196/96. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão de 133 artigos publicados nos anos de 1999 (65) e 2009 (68) foi realizada por dois revisores independentes com formação em epidemiologia clínica e metodologia da pesquisa científica. Foram incluídos todos os artigos clínicos originais, séries e relatos de casos, sendo excluídos os editoriais, as cartas ao editor, os artigos de revisão sistemática, os trabalhos experimentais, artigos de opinião, além dos resumos de teses e dissertações. Características relacionadas com a qualidade metodológica dos estudos foram analisadas por artigo, por meio de check-list que avaliou dois critérios: aspectos metodológicos e procedimentos estatísticos. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e o teste do χ2 para comparação entre os anos. RESULTADOS: Observa-se que houve diferença entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 no tocante ao desenho dos estudos e ao delineamento estatístico, demonstrando maior rigor nos respectivos procedimentos com o uso de testes mais robustos, relativamente, entre os anos de 1999 e 2009. CONCLUSÕES: Na RBGO, observou-se evolução metodológica dos artigos publicados entre os anos de 1999 e 2009 e aprofundamento nas análises estatísticas com o uso de testes mais sofisticados, como o uso mais frequente das análises de regressão e da análise multinível, que são técnicas primordiais na produção do conhecimento e planejamento de intervenções em saúde. Isso pode resultar em menos erros de interpretações.

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits.METHODS: Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL). After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain.RESULTS:No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group.CONCLUSION: The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits.

White light generation in Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ doped PbO-GeO2 glasses excited at 980 nm

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluation of the Host Response in Various Models of Induced Periodontal Disease in Mice

Background: The aim of this study is to characterize and evaluate the host response caused by three different models of experimental periodontitis in mice.Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type female mice were distributed into six experimental groups and sacrificed at 7, 15, and 30 days after the induction of periodontal disease: 1) group C: no treatment control group; 2) group L: periodontal disease induced by ligature; 3) group G-Pg: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg); 4) group G-PgFn: oral gavage with Fusobacterium nucleatum + Pg; 5) group I-Pg: heat-killed Pg injected into the palatal mucosa between the molars; and 6) group I-V: phosphatebuffered saline injected into the palatal mucosa. The samples were used to analyze the immune-inflammatory process in the gingival tissue via descriptive histologic and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The alveolar bone loss was evaluated using microcomputed tomography. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a post hoc Dunn test and analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey test using a 5% significance level.Results: Only the ligature model displayed significant alveolar bone loss in the initial period (7 days), which was maintained with time. The group injected with heat-killed Pg displayed significant alveolar bone loss starting from day 15, which continued to progress with time (P < 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -1b) and proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand and osteoprotegerin) was observed in the ligature group on day 7.Conclusion: The ligature and injection of heat-killed Pg models were the most representative of periodontal disease in humans, whereas the oral gavage models were not effective at inducing the disease under the experimental conditions.

Influence of Lentinus edodes and Agaricus blazei extracts on the prevention of oxidation and retention of tocopherols in soybean oil in an accelerated storage test

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the methanol extracts of mushrooms Lentinus edodes and Agaricus blazei on the retention of tocopherols in soybean oil, when subjected to an accelerated storage test. The following treatments were subjected to an accelerated storage test in an oven at 60 A degrees C for 15 days: Control (soybean oil without antioxidants), TBHQ (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg of TBHQ), BHT (soybean oil + 100 mg/kg of BHT), L. edodes (soybean oil + 3,500 mg/kg of L. edodes extract) and A. blazei (soybean oil + 3,500 mg/kg of A. blazei extract). The samples were analyzed for tocopherols naturally present in soybean oil and mass gain. The results showed, the time required to reach a 0.5% increase in mass was 13 days for TBHQ and 15 days for A. blazei. The content of tocopherols for TBHQ was 457.50 mg/kg and the A. blazei, 477.20 mg/kg.

Association between JY-1 gene polymorphisms and reproductive traits in beef cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adherence to statin treatment and associated factors in female users from the Unified Health System (SUS)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Classificação fisiológica de sementes florestais quanto a tolerância à dessecação e ao armazenamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O provimento do cargo do gestor escolar e a qualidade de ensino nas escolas públicas: análise a partir das publicações nacionais (1990-2005)

The research that originated this article was aimed at analyzing how the Brazilian publications from 1990 through 2005 set out the relationship between the appointment of school principals and democratic management and quality education. To that end, 38 books were selected and divided into three periods: 1990-1995; 1996-2000; 2001-2005. The findings indicate that from the second period on there is increasing consensus among scholars about the election of school principals as a form of appointment directly related to the democratization of management and quality improvement, defined as a collective and participatory construction of educational goals and practices.

Análise Prosódica de segmentações não-convecionais de palavras em textos do sexto ano do EF

This paper analyzes unconventional segmentation of word found in texts of the sixth grade of Elementary School. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we describe the prosodic characteristics that may be motivated the hyper and hippossegmentation of words found in 27,4% of 606 investigated texts. We identified a tendency toward a more text with hippossegmentation than hypersegmentation, characteristic similar to what is reported about children’s text. Taking into account the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology, we argue about the relevance of prosodic word and clitic group in the description of the regularities observed in data of unconventional segmentation of word. We note that (i) in cases of hipposegmentation, it predominates the hollow of a clitic followed by a phonological word, (ii) in cases of hypersegmentation, it predominates a segmentation of a prosodic word into a clitic group. We present evidences to be the spelling of clitic elements a challenge to students analyzed. By investigating in the grammatical class that owned the clitics spelled unconventionally, we verified that they are prepositions (“em, de, com”) and pronouns (“me, lhe, lo”), a characteristic that particularize these data in relation to data from students in the early stage of language acquisition.

Economia solidária e mundo do trabalho: possibilidades, limitações e contradições para o processo de desenvolvimento econômico

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Long term repercussions in the offspring of diabetic rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Maternal diabetes: cytokine profile in maternal and cord blood

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Natural enemies depend on remnant habitat size in agricultural landscapes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Frequency tunable continuous THz wave generation in a periodically poled fiber

An all-fiber approach to terahertz generation using a periodically poled optical fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed approach, a continuous-wave THz wave is generated at a periodically poled fiber by beating two optical wavelengths from two laser sources with the wavelength spacing corresponding to the frequency of the THz wave. The key component in the system is the periodically poled fiber, which is made by a twin-hole fiber with the fiber core residing between two holes. The twin-hole fiber is then thermally poled at a temperature of similar to 260 degrees C with a voltage of 3.3 kV applied to the silver electrodes inside the two holes to introduce second-order nonlinearity. The quasi phase matching (QPM) condition is achieved by periodically erasing the thermal poling induced second-order nonlinearity with an ultraviolet laser, which enhances the energy conversion efficiency. The proposed approach is validated by an experiment. The emission of a THz wave centered at 3.8 THz with an output power of 0.5 mu W is observed. The frequency tunability between 2.2 and 3.8 THz is also experimentally demonstrated.