Fotodegradação de fármacos por procesos oxidativos avançados utilizando fonte de irradiação artificial e solar: avaliação química e toxicológica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da presença da antineoplásico em água residuária de um hospital oncológico e do sistema de esgotamento sanitário municipal

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Avaliação do potencial pozolânico da cinza de lodo de águas residuárias por meio de técnicas instrumentais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Precificação do biogás produzido por autoprodutores, considerando seu transporte por meio de gasodutos existentes

The expansion of the energy matrix is a matter of great importance since the recent problems facing the country in this sector, such as rationing mobilized in 2001. Moreover, there is also concern with global sustainable development. Brazil is producing about 64 million cubic meters of biogas per day, but only a small percentage of this total is harnessed as an energy resource. Compounders are considered potential, for example, landfill energy (LE) and sewage treatment plants (STP), which can be adapted to produce biogas and market them. The work focuses its studies on biogas produced by these small and medium compounders. Are proposed and studied the following alternatives for the utilization of biogas energy: generation and sale of electricity through the installation of a small power station within the landfill, and purification and marketing of gas, whose price will be a consideration on the price of natural gas, taking into account the percentage of methane present in the biogas. Trade ensures that gas plus a destination ecologically appropriate to it, taking advantage of its energy

Projeto de um sistema anaeróbico para estabilização de lodo e recuperação de energia

The treatment of domestic and industrial effluents through Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTPs) generates a residue termed sewage sludge, rich in organic matter, high-volume, occasionally containing pathogens and heavy metals. The sludge generation can minimize the benefits brought by the treatment of sewage, because this residue does not always receive appropriate treatment before final disposal. The disposal is another problem related to sludge. Landfills generally does not have physical space and alternatives such as the use in agriculture requires an intense treatment that could be in many cases operational or economic unfeasible. The objective of this work is the theoretical research about the processes of stabilization of the sludge by anaerobic digestion and the methanogenic activity during the process. Through analysis of each step and contemplating each relevant factor in anaerobic digestion process in order to optimize them, we proposed a theoretical model of reactors capable of stabilize the sludge, reduce its volume and eliminate pathogens. The obtained configuration consists of two anaerobic reactors connected in series. The first one operates in the range mesophilic temperature (35 ° C) and has higher hydraulic retention time (25 days) working primarily in the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and producing biogas, whereas the second one operates in the thermophilic range (55 ° C) in order to eliminate pathogens, and to reduce the volume. The hydraulic retention time in the second reactor is lower (10 days). Both mesophilic and thermophilic processes were efficient in what was proposed, promoting the stabilization of organic matter present in the sludge and significant reduction of pathogens. As a final step with the sludge previously digested, it is indicated a final dehydration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aproveitamento energético de resíduos de esgotamento sanitário

This paper presents alternatives for waste energy recovery from the sewage of cities. Through a review of the literature it is observed that the technologies studied are usually turbines, microturbines, and engines adapted to the use of biogas. For project design analyzes the technologies found in some sewage treatment plants in Brazil and the world, compared with those found in the literature. With this study it can be concluded that the most used technologies are microturbines and motor generator sets, which are already implemented in some locations in the USA, Europe and even Brazil. It can also be concluded that the energy recovery of waste from sewage can enable design of wastewater treatment plants thereby contributing to improved quality of life

Diagnóstico Ambiental da Cidade de Presidente Bernardes - SP

The new modes of production imposed by capitalism and its relentless pursuit of development triggered several impacts on the natural environment and thereby the quality of life of society. These impacts become more visible when we look the urban place. For the identification and proposal of solutions is necessary to carry out an environmental diagnosis to have knowledge of the real situation of a given area. The Presidente Bernardes city is located in West of the São Paulo State, and even being a small city has many problems resulting of the unplanned urban growth. Thus, the present work intends to conduct an environmental diagnosis of the city Presidente Bernardes-SP, through the analysis of water supply systems, sewage treatment, collection and disposal of solid waste and green areas in the urban area and if required, indicate plausible alternatives to solve any problems

Estudo de interação entre um hormônio estrógeno e modelos simples de membrana biológica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento, implantação e avaliação do desempenho de biorreator anaeróbico de leito fluidizado e leito fixo com filtros biológicos em materiais diversos

This study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate the performance of a new type of bioreactor for anaerobic treatment of wastewater using different filling materials like trickling filters post-reactor. This bioreactor has mixed characteristics of the UASB reactors and horizontal flow from the point of view of removal of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) ssed (settled solids), TS (Total Solids), SS (Suspended Solid), SD (Dissolved Solids) and turbidity. The experimental model consists of a bioreactor with a volume of 12 m³, 2/3 filled by fluidized bed and 1/3 for fixed. The fluidized bed is made of polystyrene plates used as a system percolation and compartmentalized trickling filters, where each compartment was filled with a support medium with different characteristics (gravel number 4, plastic rings of polystyrene, PET and HDPE) . In addition, the output of a filter system was installed three entries filled with activated carbon. The bioreactor was installed in private residence in the city of Igarapava-SP (20° 02'40.18"S and 47° 45'01.36" W). The system was highly efficient as the removal of organic contaminant load 92% on average reducing the BOD, a significant result when compared to other anaerobic systems. For the other parameters, the mean reduction was 96% for turbidity, 99% ssed, 67.5% ST, 57% SD and 88% of SS. As for its operation the system was capable of operating in continuous flow without the need for maintenance during the entire period of evaluation and without energy, as it operates taking advantage of the natural slope of the terrain where it is installed. The environmental impacts were minimized due to the preservation of local vegetation allowing the ecosystem to remain unchanged beyond the prototype was completely sealed preventing exhalation of odors and therefore not causing inconvenience to neighboring populations. Given these facts it was concluded that the prototype is shown to be highly feasible deployed as a new alternative for treatment of sewage in rural and urban settings (individual homes, condos, farms, ranches, etc.) Due to ease of design and operability, and sustainability at all stages of execution.

Procedimento para homologação de sistemas ecoeficientes para obtenção de créditos de carbono

This paper deals with the homologation process for obtaining carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), that regulates the greenhouse gases reductions under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM evaluates projects through a project cycle, which begins with the preparation of the Project Design Document (PDD) until the project certification to receive Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), popularly known as carbon credits. This study analyzed the implementation of the system Burner Recorder System for Low Flows of Biogas (QRBBV), developed by Marcelino Junior & Godoy (2009), in an eco-friendly wastewater treatment mini-plant (miniEETERA), built at the site of UNESP - Guaratinguetá SP. The QRBBV system is low cost and high reliability, developed to burn the methane generated at sites of low and variable production of biogas, which is not economically justified their energy recovery. Currently, almost all wastewater generated at the site of the campus is being treated by miniEETERA and, as a result, the biogas originated by this activity is being released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the project activity aims to capture and burn the biogas generated by miniEETERA, reducing the negative effects caused by the methane emissions into the atmosphere and, thus, claim to receive carbon credits. This work aimed to demonstrate the project applicability under CDM through the study and preparation of the PDD, as well as an analysis of the entire project cycle required for homologation. The result of the work obtained an estimate of only 20 CERs per year and proved to be economically unviable for approval through the CDM, since the spending with the approval process would not be compensated with the sale of CERs, mainly due the low carbon price in the world market. From an environmental standpoint, the project is perfectly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Uso de lodo de estações de tratamento de água e de esgoto urbano como condicionador de solo, com ênfase nas propriedades físicas do solo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente alimentado com lodo de estação de tratamento de água e esgoto sanitário

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico de resíduo (lodo) proveniente de estações de tratamento de água e de esgoto do município de Araraquara-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de sistemas de tratamento e reúso de esgoto sanitário para fins de irrigação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito residual de quatro aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto e vinhaça na qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos residuais, por quatro anos seguidos, de diferentes tipos de resíduos, aplicados de formas e em doses distintas, sobre a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar de quinto corte (cultivar SP 81-3250). Os tratamentos testados são combinações de dois tipos de resíduos (lodo de esgoto; vinhaça; lodo de esgoto + vinhaça) com dois modos de aplicação (ao lado da linha de cultivo e em área total) e com duas doses (100 e 200%), e um tratamento-testemunha. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, totalizando 39 parcelas. As variáveis analisadas foram: percentagem de sólidos solúveis no caldo extraído (Brix % C.E.), percentagem aparente de sacarose no caldo extraído (Pol % C.E.), percentagem da fibra na cana (Fibra % cana), pureza (%), percentagem aparente de sacarose na cana (Pol % cana), percentagem de açúcares redutores na cana (AR % cana), percentagem de açúcares redutores totais na cana (ART % cana) e açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR). Os fatores de variação testados (tipo de resíduo, modo de aplicação e doses) não promoveram alterações na qualidade e não comprometeram a valorização da cana-de-açúcar.