Increasing length of an estradiol and progesterone timed artificial insemination protocol decreases pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows

Our hypothesis was that increasing the length of an estradiol and progesterone (P4) timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol would improve pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Lactating Holstein cows (n = 759) yielding 31 +/- 0.30 kg of milk/d with a detectable corpus luteum (CL) at d - 11 were randomly assigned to receive TAI (d 0) following 1 of 2 treatments: (8d) d - 10 controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate, d - 3 = PGF(2 alpha) (25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine), d - 2 = CIDR removal and 1.0 mg of estradiol cypionate, d 0 = TAI; or (9d) d - 11 = CIDR and estradiol benzoate, d -4 = PGF(2 alpha), d -2 CIDR removal and estradiol cypionate, d 0 TAI. Cows were considered to have their estrous cycle synchronized in response to the protocol by the absence of a CL at artificial insemination (d 0) and presence of a CL on d 7. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on d 32 and 60. The ovulatory follicle diameter at TAI (d 0) did not differ between treatments (14.7 +/- 0.39 vs. 15.0 +/- 0.40 mm for 8 and 9 d, respectively). The 9d cows tended to have greater P4 concentrations on d 7 in synchronized cows (3.14 +/- 0.18 ng/mL) than the 8d cows (3.05 +/- 0.18 ng/mL). Although the P/AI at d 32 [45 (175/385) vs. 43.9% (166/374) for 8d and 9d, respectively] and 60 [38.1 (150/385) vs. 40.4% (154/374) for 8d and 9d, respectively] was not different, the 9d cows had lower pregnancy losses [7.6% (12/166)] than 8d cows [14.7% (25/175)]. The cows in the 9d program were more likely to be detected in estrus [72.0% (269/374)] compared with 8d cows [62% (240/385)]. Expression of estrus improved synchronization [97.4 (489/501) vs. 81% (202/248)], P4 concentrations at d 7 (3.22 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.77 +/- 0.17 ng/mL), P/AI at d 32 [51.2 (252/489) vs. 39.4% (81/202)], P/AI at d 60 [46.3 (230/489) vs. 31.1% (66/202)], and decreased pregnancy loss [9.3 (22/252) vs. 19.8% (15/81)] compared with cows that did not show estrus, respectively. Cows not detected in estrus with small (<11 mm) or large follicles (>17 mm) had greater pregnancy loss; however, in cows detected in estrus, no effect of follicle diameter on pregnancy loss was observed. In conclusion, increasing the length of the protocol for TAI increased the percentage of cows detected in estrus and decreased pregnancy loss.

Mucoadhesive beads of gellan gum/pectin intended to controlled delivery of drugs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of interval from induction of puberty to initiation of a timed AI protocol on pregnancy rate in Nellore heifers

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Protonation Pattern, Tautomerism, Conformerism, and Physicochemical Analysis in New Crystal Forms of the Antibiotic Doxycycline

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comprimidos de HPMC contendo nimesulida: preparação, caracterização e estudo dos mecanismos que regem a liberação do fármaco

The pharmaceutical innovations, such as the use of polymers to control drug release, create possibilities for a better action of the drug in the body, which causes a a more effective therapeutic effect and a safer treatment for the patient. In this work, were prepared and characterized matrix tablets of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) containing nimesulide as model drug to evaluate the performance as a controlled release system. HPMC, a cellulose ester, is a hydrophilic polymer that undergoes swelling, i.e., absorbs water and forms a gel layer controlling drug release. The characterization of powders was performed by analysis of particle size and morphology, density, compressibility index determination, flow properties and determination of swelling profile. The tablets were evaluated according to their physical parameters of quality and to the in vitro release of nimesulide, as well as the analysis of the mechanisms of drug release by appropriate mathematical models. The set of results showed that the HPMC/Nimesulide mixture exhibited satisfactory physical characteristics (size, shape, density and flow). The release profile demonstrated an effective control upon drug release in enteric environment and presented more correlation with Korsmeyer-Peppas’ and Weibull’s mathematical models, indicating that the release of nimesulide occurs through the relaxation of the polymer chains

Micropartículas de metotrexato e ácido poli lático-co-glicólico obtidas por “spray-drying”

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis de amido retrogradado e goma gelana utilizados como matriz em sistemas de liberação cólon específica de fármacos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Amido retrogradado como excipiente de comprimidos para liberação controlada de fármacos: obtenção e caracterização

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Cassava wastewater as carbon source for the polyhydroxybutyrate production by Azotobacter vinelandii CCT 2841

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de nanocápsulas de poli(l-lactídeo) contendo benzocaína

In this paper we describe the preparation poly (L-lactide) (PLA) nanocapsules as a drug delivery system for the local anesthetic benzocaine. The characterization and in vitro release properties of the system were investigated. The characterization results showed a polydispersity index of 0.14, an average diameter of 190.1± 3 nm, zeta potential of –38.5 mV and an entrapment efficiency of 73%. The release profile of Benzocaine loaded in PLA nanocapsules showed a significant different behavior than that of the pure anesthetic in solution. This study is important to characterize a drug release system using benzocaine for application in pain treatment.

Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland: caracterização biológica e prospecção terapêutica do extrato metanólico incorporado ou não em sistema nanoestruturado para aplicação no tratamento da candidíase vulvovaginal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento, caracterização e ação anti-biofilme oralde sistemas nanoestruturados bioadesivos contendo o peptídeo KSL-W

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Natural latex films as carrier for casearia sylvestris swartz extract associated with ciprofloxacin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of adding a gonadotropin-releasing-hormone treatment at the beginning and a second prostaglandin F-2 alpha treatment at the end of an estradiol-based protocol for timed artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows during cool or hot seasons of the year

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of protein supplementation frequency on physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows

The objective of this experiment was to determine if frequency of protein supplementation impacts physiological responses associated with reproduction in beef cows. Fourteen nonpregnant, nonlactating beef cows were ranked by age and BW and allocated to 3 groups. Groups were assigned to a 3 x 3 Latin square design, containing 3 periods of 21 d and the following treatments: 1) soybean meal supplementation daily (D), 2) soybean meal supplementation 3 times/week (3WK), and 3) soybean meal supplementation once/week (1WK). Within each period, cows were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol: 100 mu g of GnRH + controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing 1.38 g of progesterone (P-4) on d 1, 25 mg of PGF(2 alpha) on d 8, and CIDR removal + 100 mu g of GnRH on d 11. Grass-seed straw was offered for ad libitum consumption. Soybean meal was individually supplemented at a daily rate of 1 kg/cow (as-fed basis). Moreover, 3WK was supplemented on d 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, and 18 whereas 1WK was supplemented on d 4, 11, and 18. Blood samples were collected from 0 (before) to 72 h after supplementation on d 11 and 18 and analyzed for plasma urea-N (PUN). Samples collected from 0 to 12 h were also analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and P-4 (d 18 only). Uterine flushing fluid was collected concurrently with blood sampling at 28 h for pH evaluation. Liver biopsies were performed concurrently with blood sampling at 0, 4, and 28 h and analyzed for mRNA expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-I; h 28) and CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (h 0 and 4 on d 18). Plasma urea-N concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. 3WK from 20 to 72 h and greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D from 16 to 48 h and at 72 h after supplementation (treatment x hour interaction, P < 0.01). Moreover, PUN concentrations peaked at 28 h after supplementation for 3WK and 1WK (P < 0.01) and were greater (P < 0.01) at this time for 1WK vs. 3WK and D and for 3WK vs. D. Expression of CPS-I was greater (P < 0.01) for 1WK vs. D and 3WK. Uterine flushing pH tended (P <= 0.10) to be greater for 1WK vs. 3WK and D. No treatment effects were detected (P >= 0.15) on expression of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, plasma glucose, and P-4 concentrations, whereas plasma insulin concentrations were greater (P <= 0.03) in D and 3WK vs. 1WK. Hence, decreasing frequency of protein supplementation did not reduce uterine flushing pH or plasma P-4 concentrations, which are known to impact reproduction in beef cows.