Análise espacial do conteúdo de água da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pardo

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial, por geoestatística, da produção de água gerada pelo modelo hidrológico matemático SWAT 2009 (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, versão 2009), da parte inicial da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pardo – SP. Foi utilizado um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) associado a uma interface com o modelo SWAT para a confecção do banco de dados. Para isto, as informações de entrada necessárias para avaliar a produção de lâmina de água (mm), que infiltrou e armazenou em cada sub-bacia gerada pelo SWAT, referem-se a dados tabulares climáticos e de parâmetros físicos e químicos de solo e a planos de informações como: o Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT), Mapa de Uso do Solo e Mapa de Solos. A amostragem geoestatística foi representada por uma malha irregular georreferenciada com 43 pontos localizados na parte central de cada sub-bacia representando a quantidade de água produzida. A análise geoestatística foi realizada pela construção dos variogramas e posteriormente a confecção dos mapas interpolados por krigagem. Do resultado obtido observou-se que a produção de água apresentou dependência espacial e que esta ocorreu de forma homogênea, tanto para os maiores como para os menores valores de produção de água encontrados na bacia.

Capacidade de Uso das Terras da Bacia do Ribeirão Água Fria – Bofete (SP)

A determinação da capacidade de uso das terras numa bacia é muito importante para o planejamento e uso do solo, pois o uso inadequado e sem planejamento dessas terras provocam a baixa produtividade das culturas. Este trabalho visou definir as classes homogêneas de capacidade de uso da terra da bacia do Ribeirão Água Fria - Bofete (SP) para atender ao planejamento de práticas de conservação do solo desta área. A bacia situa-se entre as coordenadas geográficas 22o 58' 30`` a 23o 04' 30`` de latitude S e 48o 09' 30`` a 48o 18' 30`` de longitude W Gr., apresentando uma área de 9.180,12 hectares. A carta de capacidade de uso da terra da bacia foi elaborada a partir da carta clinográfica obtida por Santos et al. (1999), mapa pedológico do Estado de São Paulo (Oliveira et al., 1999), da tabela de julgamento de classes de capacidade de uso do solo (França, 1963) e das recomendações constantes no manual para levantamento utilitário do meio físico e classificação das terras no sistema de capacidade de uso (Lepsch et al., 1983). A discriminação, o mapeamento e a quantificação das áreas das classes e subclasses de capacidade de uso pelo Sistema de Informação Geográfica - IDRISI apresentaram os seguintes valores: IIIe,s - 517,020 ha (5,63%); IIIs - 863,150 ha (9,40%); IVe - 846,730 ha (9,23%); VIe - 871,110 ha (9,49%) e VIIe - 6082,115 ha (66,25%). Os resultados permitiram concluir que a bacia essencialmente constituída por 2/3 pela subclasse VIIe, ou seja, são terras que podem ser utilizadas por pastagens com uso moderado ou florestas, pois apresentam problemas complexos de erosão por causa de sua declividade. O Sistema de Informação Geográfica IDRISI permitiu através de seus módulos discriminar, mapear e quantificar as áreas das classes e subclasses de capacidade de uso das terras da bacia com rapidez e confiabilidade.

Correlação entre uso da terra e qualidade da água subterrânea

Este trabalho descreve a correlação entre parâmetros de uso da terra (área agricultada, área edificada, pastagem, solo exposto e vegetação intermediária) e de qualidade da água subterrânea (pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos - STD, K+, Na+, Fe+3, Ca+2, Mg+2, NO2 -, NO3 -, P total e coliformes), no sul do estado do Espírito Santo. A delimitação da área de influência de poços e a identificação das classes de uso da terra foram feitas utilizando-se Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Por meio da análise de correlação canônica, foi possível estimar dois índices: índice de uso da terra e índice de qualidade da água, ambos padronizados. A correlação canônica foi significativa entre o primeiro par de variáveis canônicas, indicando relação linear entre os grupos. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o uso da terra influenciou a qualidade da água subterrânea, principalmente pelo incremento da concentração de alguns elementos químicos.

Leituras sobre usuário e uso de informação na Ciência da Informação

Considering aspects of international literature in the area of Information Science (IS) regarding need, search, behavior and use of information, this study aims to explore the historical path and interpretations of the concepts of user and use of information, under the support reference of the notions of information system and subject agency. For such, a corpus was formed with 15 literature reviews of the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology - ARIST - which brought a theoretical panorama on the concepts here studied. The analysis of these reviews was tooled with categorizations of the use of information proposed by Rachel Anne Fleming-May, making it possible to situate two initial phases identified, particularized for orbiting a notion of information system, being the first phase characterized by a more static conception of system and the second by a more dynamic meaning. Finally, a third and last phase was found in reading ARIST, which was better visualized after the year 2000. In the first decade of the 21st century, studies started considering, complementarily to previous phases, the agency of subjects from the notions of interaction and context, in actions of use, production and appropriation of information and knowledge.

Avaliação quantitativa da água subterrânea no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Avaliação espaço-temporal da disponibilidade hídrica subterrânea do município de São José do Rio Preto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identifying problems for choosing suitable areas for installation of a new landfill through GIS technology: A case study

Selecting a suitable place to install a new landfill is a hard work. Bauru is a Brazilian municipality where the local landfill currently in use has a life span that is almost over, and the selection of a new area for a future landfill is crucial and urgent. Here we use a geographic information system (GIS) approach to indicate possible suitable areas for installing the landfill. The considered criteria were: river network and the respective buffer zone, relief, urban areas and their respective buffer zone, existence of Areas for Environmental Protection (AEPs), occurrence of wells and their respective buffer zones, existence of airports and their buffer zones, wind direction, and the road network and its respective buffer zone. Due the facts that (1) Bauru has an urban area relatively large in relation to whole municipal area, (2) Bauru has two airports, and (3) this area encompasses parts of three AEPs, the model showed that there are few areas suitable and moderately suitable in Bauru, and the greater part of the municipality is unsuitable to install a new landfill. Due to this important finding reported here, the local policymakers should consider the suitable or even moderately suitable areas for analysis in situ or look for other creative solutions for destination of the solid waste. We highly encourage the use of GIS in studies that seek suitable areas for future landfills, having found that SIG was a tool that allowed fast and precise work and generated an outcome sufficiently clear of interpretation.Implications: Solid waste (SW) management is one of the main environmental concerns nowadays. Landfilling SW is still the main practice to disposal of such material. However, for many regions, suitable places for landfilling are getting scarce. This study proved this situation for a populous place in a southeastern Brazilian region. This study also showed how the decision makers should manage the problem in order to minimize the amount of SW generated and delivered for the landfill. Massive investment in education is a critical issue to reach the proposed aim.

The first Brazilian municipal initiative of payments for environmental services and its potential for soil conservation

It has become evident that policies aimed at mitigating the growing water resources and water use conflicts in Brazil are crucial. The municipality of Extrema in Minas Gerais state in Brazil pioneered the first Brazilian municipal PES initiative (Conservador das Aguas program), based on the relationship between forests and the benefits they provide. This study aimed to assess soil loss in the Posses sub-basin, where the Conservador das Aguas program began. Additionally, we aimed to determine the potential that this PES initiative has for soil conservation, as well as to minimize the soil losses as a function of forest area size and location in order to propose a technical approach for implementing PES. In this sense, considering the prescribed conservation practices, land use situation, and soil cover in the Posses sub-basin, we analyzed the effectiveness of the Conservador das Aguas program before and after implementation in relation to reduced soil loss under 36 different land use and soil cover scenarios. We used a geographic information system (GIS) for spatializing and producing different information plans and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) for estimating soil loss. As a result, we found that minimization of soil loss may be obtained by adopting pasture conservation practices. Additionally the expected average soil loss in the Posses sub-basin under conditions of land use and soil cover, before and after implementing the water conservation program was 30.63 and 7.06 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mapeamento geoambiental de Espírito Santo do Pinhal e Santo Antônio do Jardim (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Agroclimatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Measuring Knowledge Management: A Strategic Approach to Library Information Services

In the study of theoretical trends in Administration, the management of information follows the development of theories of Administration; constant-adaptations are suffered. Information Science area understands and concerns itself with the changes wrought in these endeavour of the knowledge society as new forms of communication and integration. The libraries interact in ways that maximize access to information and facilitate the improvement on their structural environment as strategic approach for your services. The research aims at identifying the requirements and specifications of an information system for knowledge management in the public’s library environment and proposes to achieve a pre-defined structure for the implementation of administration management. The research is conducted with public’s library of the metropolitan region of the North’s Portugal. Portugal libraries are institutions that operate in the social process of their communities reflecting the society and its organic sphere of informational performance. These libraries have developed the organizational theories to make a framework easily for effective management practices and have been using their produced knowledge in the optimization of their actions. In the improvement of systems, theoretical administrative trends become management decisions and result in the ultimate success of the organization. In order to achieve its objectives the study verified an economy based on knowledge management, and its production emphasizes the human capital that permeates the condition of the information in support for the development of communities.

Information access law and disclosing of information by joint-stock companies in Brazil: open data and Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) standard

The strategic management of information plays a fundamental role in the organizational management process since the decision-making process depend on the need for survival in a highly competitive market. Companies are constantly concerned about information transparency and good practices of corporate governance (CG) which, in turn, directs relations between the controlling power of the company and investors. In this context, this article presents the relationship between the disclosing of information of joint-stock companies by means of using XBRL, the open data model adopted by the Brazilian government, a model that boosted the publication of Information Access Law (Lei de Acesso à Informação), nº 12,527 of 18 November 2011. Information access should be permeated by a mediation policy in order to subsidize the knowledge construction and decision-making of investors. The XBRL is the main model for the publishing of financial information. The use of XBRL by means of new semantic standard created for Linked Data, strengthens the information dissemination, as well as creates analysis mechanisms and cross-referencing of data with different open databases available on the Internet, providing added value to the data/information accessed by civil society.

Classes de capacidade de uso do solo da bacia hidrográfica da Serra da Mantiqueira - UGRI 1

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Home ranges of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Cananeia estuary, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapeamento de áreas susceptíveis a sinistros climáticos no município de Rio Claro-SP

This work discourse on Civil Defense’ strategic planning and severe events in the city of Rio Claro – SP. In order to realize spatial analysis about its damages, registered by Civil Defense Department, it is being propose a methodological procedure by the use of Geographical Information System – Arc Gis 9.3.1. and another with SPRING 5.1.8.. The mapping of target areas and their impacts, during a period, have a great importance to the identification of possible risk areas as well as their use for logistic support to corps which is somehow involved to severe events and their victims, and to create a robust alert system