193 resultados para dairy cattle


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The cost of maintenance makes up a large part of total energy costs in ruminants. Metabolizable energy (ME) requirement for maintenance (MEm) is the daily ME intake that exactly balances heat energy (HE). The net energy requirement for maintenance (NEm) is estimated subtracting MEm from the HE produced by the processing of the diet. Men cannot be directly measured experimentally and is estimated by measuring basal metabolism in fasted animals or by regression measuring the recovered energy in fed animals. MEm and NEm usually, but not always, are expressed in terms of BW0.75. However, this scaling factor is substantially empirical and its exponent is often inadequate, especially for growing animals. MEm estimated by different feeding systems (AFRC, CNCPS, CSIRO, INRA, NRC) were compared by using dairy cattle data. The comparison showed that these systems differ in the approaches used to estimate MEm and for its quantification. The CSIRO system estimated the highest MEm, mostly because it includes a correction factor to increase ME as the feeding level increases. Relative to CSIRO estimates, those of NRC, INRA, CNCPS, and AFRC were on average 0.92, 0.86, 0.84, and 0.78, respectively. MEm is affected by the previous nutritional history of the animals. This phenomenon is best predicted by dynamic models, of which several have been published in the last decades. They are based either on energy flows or on nutrient flows. Some of the different approaches used were described and discussed.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the duration of exposure of animals to the evaporative cooling system in the waiting barn on the weather variables (temperature and relative humidity), animal behavior, production and quality aspects of milk from Girolando cows. Sixteen multiparous lactating cows were used having a genetic composition of 7/8 Holstein-Gir and mean milk production of 18 kg animal-1day-1. A 4 × 4 Latin square design was used. The experiment was conducted during the summer season (February-March 2009) and lasted 56 days. The treatments consisted of different periods of 10, 20 and 30 minutes of exposure to acclimatization and control. Time of 30 minutes of exposure to thermal conditioning system enabled the second milking (evening shift), providing an increase in milk production in the next milking of 0.640 kg animal-1. A higher percentage of time spent on food intake and rumination (17.31 and 30.19%) in 30 minutes treatment, compared to control (15.50 and 27.37%), respectively. There was no significant effect of treatments in the composition of milk.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB