384 resultados para Parto humanizado


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Introduction: Preterm Labor (PTL) and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) cause severe complications for both mother and fetus. Among the risk factors associated with preterm labor and PPROM, genetic predisposition has been gaining importance. However, the association between polymorphic genes and the pathogenesis of PTL and PPROM remains elusive. A better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying these adverse pregnancy outcomes may enable the identification of high risk patients and allow new approaches to minimize the deleterious effects of prematurity. Aim: To determine the association between maternal IL-6 polymorphism gene and the occurrence of PTL and PPROM. Patients and Methods: The study included 109 patients with prior history of PL and/or PPROM that delivered prematurely at the Obstetrical Unit Care of Botucatu Medical School, UNESP between 2003 and 2012. The control group consisted of 68 patients that delivered at term, matched to the case group by age, ethnicity, and sex of the newborn. Oral swabs (Cath-AllTM – Epicentre Biotechnologies) were collected for analysis of genetic polymorphisms by PCR. Statistical tests were performed to compare genotype, clinical and socio-demographic data from the groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics in both groups were homogeneously distributed. The frequency of the polymorphic allele C, associated with less production of IL-6, and therefore thought to be protective against PTL and PPROM, was 32,5% in the study group and 30,9% in the control group, without statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Considering the sample size included in this study, the frequency of the mutated allele is similar in pregnant women who delivered at term and gestational complications as PTL and PPROM

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O trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP) é uma intercorrência obstétrica com etiologia multifatorial, que tem como principal complicação a prematuridade. A infecção da cavidade amniótica (CA) é um fator associado ao TPP e, nos últimos anos, inúmeros trabalhos têm demonstrado a presença de diferentes espécies bacterianas no líquido amniótico (LA) de pacientes em TPP. Dentre essas, destacam-se duas espécies de micoplasmas genitais, Mycoplasma hominis e Ureaplasma urealyticum, que embora sejam freqüentemente detectadas no LA ainda são pouco estudadas quanto à sua relação com essa complicação obstétrica. Avaliar a infecção na cavidade amniótica por M. hominis e U. urealyticum bem como determinar os níveis de IL-6 e IL-10 no líquido amniótico de gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro. Foi realizado estudo prospectivo com 20 gestantes em TPP, atendidas no Serviço de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP. O grupo controle foi constituído de 20 gestantes com indicação para amniocentese transabdominal para avaliação da maturidade fetal. Foram obtidas amostras do líquido amniótico e das membranas corioamnióticas de todas as pacientes incluídas no estudo. A pesquisa de M.hominis e U.urealyticum no LA foi realizada empregando-se a técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e os níveis de IL-6 e IL-10 quantificados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os dados obtidos referentes às características maternas, infecção da cavidade amniótica e concentração de citocinas no LA foram submetidos ao teste z de proporção e ao teste de Mann-Whitney e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A incidência de TPP no período do estudo foi de 5,8%. No grupo TPP, a pesquisa de invasão microbiana da CA foi positiva para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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O trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP) é uma intercorrência obstétrica com etiologia multifatorial, que tem como principal complicação a prematuridade. A infecção da cavidade amniótica (CA) é um fator associado ao TPP e, nos últimos anos, trabalhos têm demonstrado a presença de diferentes espécies bacterianas no líquido amniótico (LA) de pacientes em TPP. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as espécies bacterianas presentes no líquido amniótico de gestantes em trabalho de parto prematuro. Foram incluídas, no grupo de estudo, 20 gestantes em TPP e como grupo controle, 20 gestantes, fora de trabalho de parto prematuro, com indicação para amniocentese transabdominal para avaliação da maturidade fetal. As pacientes foram atendidas no Serviço de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, no período de junho de 2005 a outubro de 2007. Para avaliação da presença de infecção na CA, foi realizada a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em amostras de líquido amniótico para detecção de Mycoplasma hominis, de Ureaplasma urealyticum e da seqüência conservada inter-espécie do gene RNAr 16S. Os produtos da reação de PCR para o gene RNAr 16S foram clonados para realização do seqüenciamento com a finalidade de identificar as espécies bacterianas da CA das gestantes incluídas no estudo. A incidência de TPP no período do estudo foi de 5,8%. No grupo TPP, a pesquisa de invasão microbiana da CA foi positiva para M. hominis (35,0%), U. urealyticum (15,0%) e gene RNAr 16S (30,0%), sendo todas as frequências superiores às encontradas no grupo controle (p<0,05). A pesquisa de microrganismos no LA através da pesquisa do gene bacteriano RNAr 16S revelou positividade de seis amostras de LA pertencente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Function of the uterus is often compromised in cattle by bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen after parturition. Pathogenic bacteria often persist, causing uterine disease, a major cause of infertility in cattle. Knowledge of the immunological aspects of the uterus involved in maintaining reproductive healthiness is fundamental to the study of uterine infections that affect the uterus postpartum. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have an important role because they are the first line of defense against colonization of bacteria in utero (Hammon and Goff, 2006). The establishment of uterine infection depends in parts of endocrine environment, particularly progesterone, which suppresses the immune system (Lewis, 2003). In the puerperium may occur uterine disorders, such as retained placenta, puerperal metritis, clinical and subclinical endometritis and pyometra, this review was proposed a study of the immunology involved in uterine health and a better understanding of uterine disorders, using the model of Sheldon et al. al, (2006) for classification of diseases, and a study of best treatment options and discussion about its functionality, because a lot of controversy among authors about choosing a treatment and another and between treated and untreated

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The humanization of childbirth implies the understanding of this event as an important experience, and requires the redefinition of human relationships from the review of the assistance project, the understanding of pregnant women condition and human rights. To evaluate child birth assistance using a score that was developed by Botucatu Cuesta Regional Management and Jurumirim Valley Collegiates. This is an epidemiological, descriptive study that is inserted in the field of evaluation of services, programs or health projects. The data has been obtained by direct observation of deliveries, emphasizing the humane care. Results: Approximately one third of the women gave birth in a tertiary hospital (34.1%) and it was their first babies (33%).24.8% of the women received prenatal care in high-risk services. 67.1% of the births were normal, and 84.7% had no companions in the delivery room. In 47.1% of the cases the delivery was performed by obstetrician who used anesthesia in 44.7% and episiotomy in 48.2% of the deliveries. More than half of the newborns were attended by the pediatrician in the delivery room and had a delivery graph completed. Although the present study shows that 67.1% of the births were normal, caesarean rate can be considered excessive, as the WHO points out that c-sections above 15% are unlikely to be justifiable. It is important to emphasize that the Ministry of Health has to have a commitment with all women to promote safe motherhood, even in cases when the pregnancy involves a risk for both the mother and the fetus. It is noteworthy that the created score allowed us to assess variables related to the humanization of childbirth and only average and quite similar situations among the three services were evidenced. We hope that with this study, managers and professionals that work in this area can be subsidized in order to offer effective humane assistance and quality service in the delivery

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Ao viver uma gestação, a mulher passa por mudanças biológicas, somáticas, psicológicas e sociais. É de fundamental importância que as gestantes recebam apoio, sejam orientadas sobre tais mudanças e também sobre o parto, momento comumente temido por elas. A assistência pré-natal é oferecida em nível nacional pelo Ministério da Saúde, que propõem a realização de ações educativas e a criação de grupos de apoio, que visam complementar o atendimento realizado nas consultas médicas. Porém, apesar de serem preconizadas, tais ações ainda são insuficientes ou insatisfatórias. O presente estudo visa contribuir com a área de Educação em Saúde buscando, a partir do conhecimento da realidade de gestantes, realizar uma ação de orientação, com a intenção de complementar o pré-natal realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs). Para tanto, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar aspectos do conhecimento e dos sentimentos de gestantes usuárias do SUS de Rio Claro a respeito da gestação e parto, orientando-as sobre tais assuntos. A pesquisa, com abordagem Qualitativa, objetivo Descritivo e que usou como procedimento técnico a Pesquisa-ação, ocorreu no município de Rio Claro e teve como sujeitos 15 gestantes. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que foram gravadas e de um diário de campo. Foi elaborado um material contendo 16 imagens coloridas, que foram utilizadas nas orientações individuais com o intuito de esclarecer os processos da gestação e parto. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. A maioria das entrevistadas afirmou que não planejava engravidar e, ainda assim, mais da metade delas não fazia uso de nenhum método contraceptivo, mostrando que não houve um planejamento familiar efetivo. As fontes de informação mais citadas foram as pessoas mais velhas e/ou experientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Currently, Brazil has one of the largest cattle herds worldwide. In order to keep that milk and meat were introduced reproductive biotechnologies such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization. In certain situations the technique may have undesired effect, for example, the production of calve calves due to the very large increase in the gestation period when performed in vitro fertilization. To avoid this problem we perform the induction of labor in order to prevent the product is longer the womb. This induction can also be made in case of diseases that compromise the life of the mother, twin pregnancy an abnormal size calf. The administration of short acting steroids, prostaglandins, association of short acting steroids and prostaglandins and association of short acting steroids, prostaglandins and long-acting corticosteroids are some of the possibilities of induction

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vaginal birth delivery may result in acute and persistent perineal pain postpartum. This study evaluated the association between catastrophizing, a phenomenon of poor psychological adjustment to pain leading the individual to magnify the painful experience making it more intense, and the incidence and severity of perineal pain and its relationship to perineal trauma. METHOD: Cohort study conducted with pregnant women in labor. We used the pain catastrophizing scale during hospitalization and assessed the degree of perineal lesion and pain severity in the first 24 hours and after 8 weeks of delivery using a numerical pain scale. RESULTS: We evaluated 55 women, with acute pain reported by 69.1%, moderate/severe pain by 36.3%, and persistent pain by 14.5%. Catastrophizing mean score was 2.15 ± 1.24. Catastrophizing patients showed a 2.90 relative risk (RR) for perineal pain (95% CI: 1.08-7.75) and RR: 1.31 for developing persistent perineal pain (95% CI: 1.05-1.64). They also showed a RR: 2.2 for developing acute and severe perineal pain (95% CI: 1.11-4.33). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of acute and persistent perineal pain after vaginal delivery is high. Catastrophizing pregnant women are at increased risk for developing acute and persistent perineal pain, as well as severe pain. Perineal trauma increased the risk of persistent perineal pain.

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Humanization at dental care is highly important due to uneven relation between scientific / technical advances in dentistry and thequality of human contact. The dental treatment goes beyond the field of scientific knowledge. Therefore, the dental treatment requiresbalance among technical skill, scientific training, and humanist vision of health promotion. Contemporarily, humanization is understoodas tripod based on user's rights, dental practice and organization of a humanized model. Curriculum integration of ethical, humanistic,scientific and technical contents is an important and current challenge on teaching / learning process for professionals at Dentistry. Thispaper aims to, guided by the literature review, to present some considerations on human care in dentistry, with emphasis on theimportance of professional /patient relationship for promoting oral health. It is suggested that dentists reflect on the urgent need ontheoretical basis of humanization and patient-professional relationship for health care.Descriptors: Humanization of Assistance; Dental Staff

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Objective. To identify reasons why women look for early health care attention at the end of pregnancy. Methodology. Qualitative study based in socio-existential phenomenology proposed by Alfred Schütz. Nine pregnant women who consulted to the maternity service without being in real labor were interviewed. Results. The following analysis categories emerged: Having different symptoms or signals from the ones they had felt or been informed about, not being able to identify real labor, fear to fetal complications for being close to the probable labor date, feeling calmer when being seen by professionals of the institution, lack of problem solving by other services of the health institution, fearing out of hospital delivery, imitating real labor, looking for tranquility in the idealization of labor and modifying behaviors to guarantee attention. Conclusion. Women are insecure and fear because of a fragmented health care, where they do not perceive themselves linked to the prenatal control program anymore, and at the same time they don’t find the health care assistance they want.

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This work aimed to evaluate the influence of postpartum period (precocious - of 28 to 44 days and late - of 45 to 90 days) on the bovine pregnancy rate using fixed-time AI. For that, 678 cows were divided in two groups: precocious group (G-P, n=151) and late group (G-T, n=527). The animals received CIDR® + 2 mL of estradiol benzoate (BE) in the day zero (D0). After eight days (D8) the dispositive was removed and both groups received 2.5mL PGF2α, concurrent with PGF2α injection, they received either 1.5mL of eCG or temporary calf removal (RTB). In the next day (D9), the cows received 1 mL de BE and 24 hours later, the fixed-time AI was performed with Nelore bovine semen. The calves were returned to their mothers. The pregnancy rate was not different between the groups (p>0.05), G-P=40% and G-T=48%. The results indicate that females with less than 45 days of postpartum are able to hormone protocol of fixed-time IA.