Identification of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from bovine intramammary infections by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Molecular analysis of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin and soft tissue infections, Botucatu Medical School, Brazil

Community acquired methicillin Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first reported in 1981, infecting people without risk factors. These strains harbor the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV, which contains the mecA gene codifying for methicillin resistance. CA-MRSA strains usually carry PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin), a virulence factor responsible for tissue invasion, causing systemic infections and leading to serious complications. The aims of this work were to detect the mecA gene, SCCmec characterization and to detect the PVL gene of the S. aureus strains isolated from patients diagnosed with skin and soft tissue infections attending the Dermatology Service, of the Botucatu Medical School, Brazil. Among 127 collected samples, 66 (51.9%) were S. aureus and, from these, 7 (10.6%) harbored mecA gene, 3 (42%) with cassette type IV, and none of these samples carried the PVL gene, but it was detected in 10 (15.1%) samples of S. aureus methicillin sensitive (MSSA). Our study suggests the S. aureus strains that harbor PVL gene and MRSA are present in the community as important pathogens.

Análise da variabilidade genética e expressão de HPV em papilomatose de laringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbreak skin infections

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Trueperella pyogenes multispecies infections in domestic animals: a retrospective study of 144 cases (2002 to 2012)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-regression analysis aimed to calculate a combined prevalence estimate and evaluate the prevalence of different Treponema species in primary and secondary endodontic infections, including symptomatic and asymptomatic eases. Methods: The MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scielo, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus data-bases were searched without starting date restriction up to and including March 2014. Only reports in English were included. The selected literature was reviewed by 2 authors and classified as suitable or not to be included in this review. Lists were compared, and, in case of disagreements, decisions were made after a discussion based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A pooled prevalence of Treponema species in endodontic infections was estimated. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis was performed. Results: Among the 265 articles identified in the initial search, only 51 were included in the final analysis. The studies were classified into 2 different groups according to the type of endodontic infection and whether it was an exclusively primary/secondary study (n = 36) or a primary/secondary comparison (n = 15). The pooled prevalence of Treponema species was 41.5% (95% confidence interval, 35.9-47.0). In the multivariate model of meta-regression analysis, primary endodontic infections (P < .001), acute apical abscess, symptomatic apical periodontitis (P < .001), and concomitant presence of 2 or more species (P = .028) explained the heterogeneity regarding the prevalence rates of Treponema species. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Treponema species are important pathogens involved in endodontic infections, particularly in cases of primary and acute infections.

Microbiological Profile Resistant to Different Intracanal Medications in Primary Endodontic Infections

Introduction: This clinical study aimed to determine the microbiological profile resistant to different intracanal medications in primary endodontic infections by using both microbiological culture and the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Methods: Twenty primarily infected root canals were selected and then instrumented before being randomly divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medications: calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH](2)) or Ca(OH)(2) + chlorhexidine (CHX). Samples were collected before and after root canal procedures, which consisted in submitting them to microbiological culture and processing them for checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Results: No differences were found between the Ca(OH)(2) (99.98%) and Ca(OH)(2) + CHX groups (99.76%) regarding the median percentage values for the reduction of cultivable bacteria. The most frequently detected species were Capnocytophaga ochracea (70%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii (70%) in the initial samples. After instrumentation, the most frequently detected species were E. faecium (60%). After root canal treatments using either Ca(OH)(2) or Ca(OH)(2) + CHX as intracanal medications, the most frequently detected species were E nucleatum ssp. vincentii (90%) and Enterococcus faecium (40%), respectively. Both treatments significantly decreased the number of bacterial species compared with the initial sample. However, this reduction was significantly greater in the Ca(OH)(2) + CHX group (P < .05). This difference was also observed when evaluating the total bacterial load (P < .05). Conclusions: The use of Ca(OH)(2) associated with CHX as an intracanal medication showed better results by acting on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms although such an action to eradicate enterococci should also be sought.

Parasitic infections in ornamental cichlid fish in the Peruvian Amazon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and seasonal distribution of the main parasite species in Amazonian ornamental cichlids that affect their trade. The study was conducted from August 2007 to September 2009. We sampled 3042 specimens from 9 different species, of which 9.47% had at least one type of external parasite. 81.25% of the cases occurred in the dry season. Crenicichla anthurus (28.57%) was the most parasitized, followed by Aequidens diadema (26.32%), Pterophyllum scalare (22.69%), Cichlasoma sp. (9.52%), Apistogramma sp. (3.88%) and Symphysodon aequifasciatus (3.66%). Monogenea was the most abundant group of parasites, occurring in 66.67% of the cases, of which 96.88% occurred in the dry season. This parasite infested 95.68% of Pterophyllum scalare, 76.67% of Apistogramma sp, 33.33% of Cichlasoma sp. and 23.81% of Symphysodon aequifasciatus cases. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infested 100% of Aequidens diadema, 76.19% of Symphysodon aequifasciatus, 66.67% of Cichlasoma sp, 41.67% of Crenicichla anthurus and 23.33% of Apistogramma sp cases. Myxosporidia infested 58.33% of Crenicichla anthurus. Trichodina infested 4.32% of Pterophyllum scalare. The prevalence of these parasites is related to the season, preferred habitat, fish behavior, individual susceptibility and handling of animals during transportation by fishermen.

Could histoplasma capsulatum be related to healthcare-associated infections?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detection of Mayaro virus infections during a dengue outbreak in Mato Grosso, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbreak skin infections

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy and cisplatin: a novel approach for cervical cancer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunohistochemical approach to the pathogenesis of clinical cases of bovine Herpesvirus type 5 infections

Meningoencephalitis by Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) in cattle has some features that are similar to those of herpetic encephalitis in humans and other animal species. Human Herpesvirus 3 (commonly known as Varicella-zoster virus 1), herpes simplex viruses (HSV), and equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) induce an intense inflammatory, vascular and cellular response. In spite of the many reports describing the histological lesions associated with natural and experimental infections, the immunopathological mechanisms for the development of neurological disorder have not been established. A total of twenty calf brains were selected from the Veterinary School, University of São Paulo State, Araçatuba, Brazil, after confirmation of BoHV-5 infection by virus isolation as well as by a molecular approach. The first part of the study characterized the microscopic lesions associated with the brain areas in the central nervous system (CNS) that tested positive in a viral US9 gene hybridization assay. The frontal cortex (Fc), parietal cortex (Pc), thalamus (T) and mesencephalon (M) were studied. Secondly, distinct pathogenesis mechanisms that take place in acute cases were investigated by an immunohistochemistry assay. This study found the frontal cortex to be the main region where intense oxidative stress phenomena (AOP-1) and synaptic protein expression (SNAP-25) were closely related to inflammatory cuffs, satellitosis and gliosis, which represent the most frequently observed neurological lesions. Moreover, MMP-9 expression was shown to be localized in the leptomeninges, in the parenchyma and around mononuclear infiltrates (p < 0.0001). These data open a new perspective in understanding the role of the AOP-1, MMP-9 and SNAP-25 proteins in mediating BoHV-5 pathogenesis and the strategies of host-virus interaction in order to invade the CNS.