Resposta produtiva do feijoeiro comum a diferentes manejos de irrigação

The objective of this work was to analyze the most appropriate management to achieve higher productivity for carioca beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pearll cultivar. The research was developed in the Demonstrative and Experimental Area of Irrigation (ADEI) of FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP. Four treatments were used: T1- irrigation with base in ETo estimated by the method of Class A pan; T2- irrigations based on the readings of tensiometers installed at 0,20 m and 0,40 m of depth; T3- irrigations carried out with base in ETo estimated by the method of Penman-Monteith and T4- witness. The results were submitted to analysis of variance. To compare the averages the test Turkey was used at 5% of probability. The treatment T3 had smaller applied water depth than the treatments T1 and T2, and also smaller productivity. The conclusion is that the treatments irrigated with larger frequency showed higher production of grains.

Model to increase the lateral line length of drip irrigation systems

Non-pressure compensating drip hose is widely used for irrigation of vegetables and orchards. One limitation is that the lateral line length must be short to maintain uniformity due to head loss and slope. Any procedure to increase the length is appropriate because it represents low initial cost of the irrigation system. The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to increase the lateral line length combining two points: using a larger spacing between emitters at the beginning of the lateral line and a smaller one after a certain distance; and allowing a higher pressure variation along the lateral line under an acceptable value of distribution uniformity. To evaluate this hypothesis, a nonlinear programming model (NLP) was developed. The input data are: diameter, roughness coefficient, pressure variation, emitter operational pressure, relationship between emitter discharge and pressure. The output data are: line length, discharge and length of the each section with different spacing between drippers, total discharge in the lateral line, multiple outlet adjustment coefficient, head losses, localized head loss, pressure variation, number of emitters, spacing between emitters, discharge in each emitter, and discharge per linear meter. The mathematical model developed was compared with the lateral line length obtained with the algebraic solution generated by the Darcy-Weisbach equation. The NLP model showed the best results since it generated the greater gain in the lateral line length, maintaining the uniformity and the flow variation under acceptable standards. It had also the lower flow variation, so its adoption is feasible and recommended.

Manejo da Irrigação Para Otimização da Produtividade E Qualidade de Frutos de Tomateiro em Sistema de Plantio Direto

There is much information on the adequate soil water matrix potential for returning irrigation in conventional soil tillage systems; however there is not enough information on the best soil water matrix potential for no-tillage production systems. This work aimed to study the effect of five irrigation levels on yield, soluble solids, and fruit acidity of the Hypeel tomato, cultivated for industrial processing and cropped on no-tillage system in Yellow Latosol. The experiment was carried out on a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted in different soil water matrix potentials for returning irrigation (m at 13cm of soil depth): -15, -30, -45, -60 and -75 kPa. The results obtained showed that the soil water matrix potential of -28.5 kPa resulted in maximum yields for tomato crop; whereas the value of -50.8 kPa resulted in the maximum fruit soluble solids concentration.

Produção e Qualidade Física dos Frutos do Abacaxi sob Diferentes Lâminas e Frequências de Irrigação

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of pineapple cultivar Smooth Cayenne as the physical production and the quality of the fruit when subjected to different frequencies of water dpeth and soil water in Triângulo Mineiro - Uberaba-MG. The experimental area soil is Oxisol, clay loam sandy and soft undulating local relief. A randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 2 with four levels of soil water depth (50%, 75%, 100% and 125%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and two irrigation frequencies (1 day and 3 days = F1 = F2) and four replications was utilized. The crop productivity, number of seedlings, mean weight, diameter, and hardness of the fruit, plus water use efficiency were evaluated. Productivity was not significantly affected by the water depth and by the frequency of water applied; however the fruit shell resistance, the efficiency of water use, and ratoon seedlings were significantly influenced by irrigation, the water depth of 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETC) provided greater efficiency of water use for the production of pineapple fruit.

Posicionamento de Extratores de Cápsula Porosa em Solo Arenoso Na Citricultura Fertirrigada Por Gotejamento

The efficiency of monitoring fertigation by means of porous capsule extractors is directly related to its correct placement, since the nutrients applied through fertigation have different mobility throughout the soil profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distributions of NO3, P, and K in the soil solution, when applied in citrus in sandy soil through drip fertigation systems, aiming to define the proper placement of the solution extractors. In order to measure the concentration of ions in the soil solution, the extractors were installed at four different distances (5, 15, 25, and 35 cm) and depths (15, 30, 60, and 90 cm) with an emitter located under the projection of the tree canopy. The experiment was conducted in a Valencia orange orchard on citrumelo Swingle rootstock, in Reginópolis/SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks and the treatment arrangement was a 4 x 4 factorial design with five repetitions. Sixteen soil solution extractors were installed per block, with a total of 80 extractors in the experiment. According to the obtained results, to determine P and K, it is recommended to install the solution extractor at 15 cm horizontal and 30 cm depth from the emitter. For NO3, the extractor recommended placement is 25 cm horizontal and 30 cm depth. The soil solution extractor proved to be a sensitive tool, capable of determining the ions mobility in the wet bulb.

Efficacy of four irrigation needles in cleaning the apical third of root canals

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of irrigation needle gauge and design, and the final root canal diameter on the apical cleaning efficacy. Twelve human mandibular incisors were used. At different stages of root canal widening (sizes 20, 30 and 40 K-files), root canals were filled with radiopaque contrast medium. Four different needles were evaluated: 23G with side opening, 22G with apical opening, 30G with side opening and 30G with apical opening. Irrigation was carried out with 2 mL distilled water. The same tooth was radiographed with a digital system several times to assess the four types of needle in those three stages of canal widening. Pre-irrigation (canals filled with contrast) and post-irrigation (canals with remaining contrast) images were submitted to digital subtraction using the Adobe Photoshop CS4 program. Pre-irrigation (filled with contrast) and subtracted (cleaned by irrigation) areas were outlined by a trained and blinded operator using the Image Tool 3.0 software. Their ratio was calculated to express the percentage of apical cleaning in each stage of canal widening (sizes 20, 30 and 40 K-files) with each of the four needles. Data obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The 30G needles with side and apical opening promoted better apical cleaning at all stages of root canal widening (p<0.05). In conclusion, smaller diameter needles were more efficacious in cleaning the apical third of the root canals, regardless of their design.

Produção de videira 'Superior Seedless', cultivadas em diferentes tensões de água no solo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the total number of clusters per plant and the sugar concentration of Superior Seedless grapevine branches under different soil water tensions conditions. The statistical design was a randomized block with 4 treatments (a) control, b) 70 kPa tension, c) 50 kPa tension, d) 30 kPa tension, and 6 replications, each plot consisting of two plants. Soil moisture curves were plotted in laboratory and field conditions, potential bud fertility (carried out with the help of a 30x magnifier glass and collecting 17 branches in the primary arm of the plant with 15 buds each), actual fertility (given by the fertile buds to sprouted buds per plant ratio) and total sugars. Laboratory conditions helped stress to reach a -70 kPa level in just 21 days during the procedure to determine the retention curve in the laboratory. The different stress levels applied to the soil did not cause significant differences in the total number of clusters per plant. However, a -30 kPa stress showed a 68% reduction in water depth when compared to control and different soil water stress affected the carbohydrate percentage in branches of the Superior Seedless vine.

Crescimento da grama bermudas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação

The objective of the present study was to analyze the most appropriate water depth for maintaining a good quality of Bermudas Grass (Cynodon dactylon) for soccer fields while saving water and electrical resources. Four treatments were used: T1 - irrigated with a water depth of 50% of evapotranspiration (ETo), T2 - irrigated with a water depth of 75% of ETo, T3 - irrigated with a water depth of 100% of ETo and T4 - irrigated with a water depth of 150% of ETo, all treatments were irrigated daily. The reference ETo was obtained by the Penman-Monteith method. The study was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from June to September 2010 and from January to March 2011. Three evaluations of the variables were performed during the experimental period. The samples were obtained with the help of a cylindrical extractor with 10 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. In each sample height and dry organic matter (leaf, root and organic material) were analyzed. The experimental design was randomized block with four treatments in five blocks. No significant differences were observed for dry matter and height (roots and organic material). The best results were those for T4 which obtained the greatest height.

Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness and erosion of root canal dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of final irrigation protocols (17% EDTA, BioPure MTAD, SmearClear, and QMiX) on microhardness and erosion of root canal dentin. Fifty roots were sectioned transversely at the cement-enamel junction and each root was sectioned horizontally into 4-mm-thick slices. The samples were divided into five groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocol: G1: distilled water (control group); G2: 17% EDTA; G3: BioPure MTAD; G4: SmearClear; and G5: QMiX. The dentin microhardness was then measured with a load of 25 g for 10 s. Initially, the reference microhardness values were obtained for the samples without any etching. The same samples were then submitted to the final irrigation protocols. A new measure was realized and the difference between before and after the procedures was the dentin microhardness reduction. In sequence, the specimens were submitted to SEM analysis to verify the dentinal erosion. The Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests (α=5%) were used to compare the results. The dentin microhardness decreased for all final irrigation protocols. There was no significant difference between groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 (P>0.05), but this groups presented significant dentin microhardness reduction than G1 (P<0.05). In G2, occurred the highest incidence of dentinal erosion (P<0.05). 17% EDTA, BioPure MTAD, SmearClear, and QMiX promoted significant dentin microhardness reduction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Alterações bioquímicas, morfofisiológicas e produtivas em genótipos de arroz em dois regimes hídricos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Monitoramento de características físico-químicas da água e taxas de sedimentação de tripton no Córrego da Arribada (Baixo Tietê-SP) relacionadas à piscicultura em tanques-rede

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica da irrigação subgengival com iodo-povidine 10% como adjunto à terapia periodontal não-cirúrgica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência de manejo de irrigação sobre aspectos da ecofisiologia e produção da videira CV. Syrah

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Distribuição do sistema radicular e produtividade de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) fertirrigada por gotejamento subsuperficial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Potencial de água no solo e níveis de compactação para o cultivo de grama esmeralda

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)