Objetos de ensino: a renova����o pedag��gica e material da escola prim��ria no Brasil, no s��culo XX

This article aims at analyzing the role of the objects of learning in the propositions for innovation of primary schools during the 20th century, highlighting the changes in the composition of school subjects having in mind the objects that were introduced and marked out as relevant for school modernization and those that remained or were redefined in terms of their finality and uses. The examination of three significant moments of the implementation of innovations in the elementary school is intended: the modernization by the intuitive method at the turn of the century; the propositions of Escola Nova between the 1930s and the 1950s; and the renovation represented by educational technology in the 1960s and 1970s.

An��sio Teixeira e a Psicologia: o valor da mensura����o

This article analyzes the ideas and the work of An��sio Teixeira in the 1920s and 1930s, focusing on his views about the value of measurement for educational reform in Brazil. Considering that the thinking and practices of Teixeira should be understood in the context in which it was developed, the study presents the history of the presence of psychological knowledge in education, with special attention to the entrance of the Psychometrics in the New School movement. The paper concludes that, by defending the use of measurement, Teixeira has remained true to the goal of the New School that required to diagnoses scientifically the school universe, which was necessary to respond to the growing demand for schooling and the educational disabilities of the Brazilian educational institutions.

As disputas em torno do ensino prim��rio rural (S��o Paulo, 1931-1947)

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Convocando os hermeneutas da rep��blica iletrada: o pr��mio Francisco Alves

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

A civiliza����o no meio rural: o livro de leitura como instrumento modernizador

In search of Brazil's entry into modernity, educators pledged to develop mechanisms for the construction of the brazilian man, and modern. Thales Castanho de Andrade was one of those educators who found in the educational destination book this possibility. This article is concerned to examine the ways that are served by reading books models of urban life to cite the country life. These books are part of the Cole����o de leitura escolar: s��rie Thales de Andrade. The books carry a model school reading ideologized as they meet, in addition to teaching reading, build civility of the countryside, through images or words, or the organization that goes through all the books of the collection.

50 anos de produ����o acad��mica brasileira sobre alfabetiza����o: avan��os, contradi����es e desafios

Aiming to contribute to understanding the Brazilian academic production on literacy, theses and dissertations on the subject, completed between 1965 and 2011, are analyzed. Situating them in the historical process of constitution of literacy as an object of study, since the 19th. century, beyond the political and historical context of origin in the 1960s, the following contexts are focused, especially from the 1980s, when begins the process of expansion in terms of amount of this academic production and geographic diversity as well as areas of expertise of the graduate programs in which they were defended. While these advances confirm the importance of approaches that consider the interdisciplinary and multifaceted character of literacy, there are contradictions that present significant challenges to researchers seeking both understand the permanence of motivations and pragmatic purposes as to proposing new themes, objects, theoretical and methodological aspects for the development of new research that are lacking, as diagnosed needs and desired progress, scientifically and socially.

Forma����o de professores para o ensino inicial da leitura e da escrita, na d��cada de 1880, em S��o Paulo-Brasil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Mudan��as nos livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor: o 1�� ano das s��ries iniciais e o movimento da matem��tica moderna

Este trabalho visa explorar o ensino da matem��tica por meio da an��lise de livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor entre as d��cadas de 1960 e 1980, focando o 1�� ano do ensino prim��rio, atual fundamental I. Iniciamos por uma revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre o contexto hist��rico, desde a introdu����o do livro na sociedade at�� a utiliza����o do mesmo para o ensino na ��rea da matem��tica. A pesquisa tentar�� retratar brevemente, a história da educação e da educação matem��tica no Brasil, as diferentes concep����es de ensino da ��poca em quest��o, ou seja, entre as d��cadas de 1960 e 1980, onde houve o ��pice e o decl��nio do Movimento da Matem��tica Moderna. Por fim, este trabalho buscar�� explorar de maneira panor��mica, se ocorreram mudan��as nos conte��dos no ensino da matem��tica por meio da an��lise de livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor no 1�� ano das s��ries iniciais e relatar quais foram essas mudan��as. Utilizar-se-�� como metodologia a an��lise de livros did��ticos como um objeto pertencente �� história cultural, com um enfoque na an��lise s��cio-hist��rica, na an��lise formal ou discursiva e, finalmente, interpreta����o/ reinterpreta����o.

Ensino fundamental de nove anos: um breve panorama de sua implanta����o no munic��pio de Pirassununga

Pela Lei Federal n�� 11.274/2006, promulgada em seis de fevereiro de 2006, o ensino fundamental no Brasil passa a ter a dura����o de nove anos, com a inclus��o de crian��as de seis anos de idade. O objetivo desta Lei �� assegurar um tempo maior de conv��vio escolar e maiores oportunidades de aprendizagem, principalmente ��s crian��as pertencentes aos setores populares. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a lei que estende a obrigatoriedade, do ensino fundamental e tra��ar um panorama deste processo de amplia����o no munic��pio de Pirassununga, buscando conhecer sua trajet��ria, bem como os aspectos positivos e negativos oriundos da nova legisla����o. Para alcan��ar os objetivos propostos a pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir de levantamento bibliogr��fico, bem como no levantamento de dados e informa����es acerca do munic��pio de Pirassununga e tamb��m atrav��s de documentos oficiais, entrevista do tipo semi-estruturada, e pesquisa em sites governamentais, relacionados com o tema. A amplia����o do ensino fundamental para nove anos culmina numa amplia����o de direitos, ainda que t��mida, que vem sendo perseguida ao longo da história da educação brasileira. Entretanto, esta amplia����o tem suscitado in��meros questionamentos e criticas ao que refere a qualidade do ensino e a preocupa����o com os aportes financeiros

M��todo Pilates: equil��brio perfeito entre corpo e mente?

Taking as base the Brazilian Physical Education History, it���s possible to observe how much the recognizable corporal activity as smooth and alternative, giving origin to non traditional ways to move the body that receives the name of ���alternative corporal practices��� has increased lately. Therefore this research was done with objective to raise interest and stimulate physical educational professional and general interested people knowledge to the work of a corporal approach called ���Pilates Method���. Based on a bibliographic research in sites, articles, and books about Pilates method, alternative corporal practices and physical education history, we tried to gather, in one material, important information about Pilates method. To organize the material here shown, we guided ourselves on the collection of UNESP��s library and on Pilates methods training courses about which were made references in the body text and were mentioned the bibliographic reference for further profound study of interested people. We hope that Physical Educational professionals and further interested people find in this conclusion course work that intends to contribute to the method divulgation assistance for higher and deeper knowledge concerning to the origin, principles and possibilities of practical appliance pedagogy of Pilates Methods.

A utiliza����o de jogos l��dico-did��ticos no ensino de l��ngua inglesa

Nowadays the accelerated development arising from globalization and the interrelation of the nations, the great increase in communication between different countries and the necessity for knowledge in different linguistic structures, the interest in learning a foreign language is crescent, and thinking about it, this work has the scope to verify how young and adult learners of a foreign language, in this case English, behave, that is, how best to develop the four language skills of the language: listening, writing, speaking, and reading and how the use of recreational and educational games can help this dichotomy between teaching-learning. The present research, theoretical and analytical basis, aims to make a study on how fun games can influence the teaching and learning of English in an audience of young and adult people and that includes a study of how human history has evolved, more precisely, as history of education was influenced by the playful and how the human mind also becomes over time. Nowadays, the playful is a tool that has been widely used pedagogically in teaching foreign languages and every day opens new manners and ways of teaching languages, always with its array of spaced more possibilities. Under this assumption, the focus of this research is discover how the use of recreational and educational games may influence grammar greater understanding and language development of young and adults students in learning English, and also what better way to introduce these games, that is, a contextualized content being discussed each time during the school way, so that the games may be, of course, used for relaxation of the students, but also (and especially) for their intellectual growth and language development

A democratiza����o do ensino fundamental de 06 a 14 anos: que concep����o de democracia tem sido adotada nas leis federais?

P��s-gradua����o em Educação - IBRC

Escolas p��blicas no campo: retrospectiva e perspectivas em um contexto de projetos pol��ticos em disputa

In present article, we present reflections on the process of closing public schools in the countryside in Brazil. Through bibliographical survey, as well as documental research, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the historical moment in which the implementation of policies of mass education directed to people living in rural areas occurs. We have also sought to raise socio-political-economic aspects of the moment in which the process of closing these schools is intensified. The results obtained suggest possible implications of this closure policy, in addition to indicating some of the challenges posed to the public policy of education in the country; for example, the Brazilian federal context and the budget limitations imposed to subnational governments with regard to the funding of school education, particularly in relation to small municipalities and/or municipalities with low tax revenues. This situation quite often occurs because these municipalities present reduced budgets, depending largely on transfers of financial resources from other spheres of the Government, either federal or state, the so-called intergovernmental budgetary transfers; namely, the Municipalities Participation Fund. Such issues demand the resumption of debates about the federative pact, in particular with regard to fiscal federalism, given that the financial capacity of each subnational government is crucial to the implementation of educational policies.

A fun����o social da escola e a constitui����o da forma escolar (Brasil/Portugal, 1870-1932)

O artigo analisa aspectos das rela����es entre a escolariza����oe os processos culturais mais amplos, tomando como fontedocumental manuais did��ticos produzidos para uso em cursos deforma����o de professores, que circularam no Brasil e em Portugalno per��odo final do s��culo XIX e no in��cio do s��culo XX. Foramfocalizados elementos pass��veis de generaliza����o, entre eles aunidade da forma escolar e as diferentes pr��ticas prescritas aosprofessores, destinadas a enraizar valores e ideais no processoformativo. Foram analisados os seguintes manuais: CursoPractico de Pedagogia, de autoria de Mr. Daligault (1874);Elementos de Pedagogia, de autoria de Jose Maria da Gra��aAffreixo e Henrique Freire (1870); e Li����es de pedagogia gerale de história da educação, de Alberto Pimentel Filho (1932).

Algumas reflex��es sobre a condi����o da mulher brasileira da col��nia ��s primeiras d��cadas do s��culo XX

This article, about reflections on the condition of Brazilian women from the Colony to the first decades of the twentieth century, reveals the historical position of them and the attitudes and behaviors related to gender and sexuality. Subdued, it was treated as a sexual object, arousing all sorts of misogyny by men. Rebel, veiled or ostensibly, could serve their own desires. Throughout history, the Church and medical institutions which jointly accounted for, significantly, established the meaning and place of women. In Colony period, the woman is a ward from the Catholic ideology, but from the nineteenth century, after Independence, this power control arises to Medicine. The physician submits the religious discourse, naturalizing the status of women as one that breeds, namely the insertion of the medical issues of family scientifically legitimate colonial patriarchy. This is accentuated in the early twentieth century, when medicine consolidated setting standards and rules for marriage, to motherhood and family life. We note how the feminine universe was (and it is nowadays) ambivalent, with "one foot" in virtue and another in sin, with a tendency to contain and another to trespass. On the one hand we have the home and motherhood, validated in marriage, in which the woman is cared for and dependent on her husband. Reflecting on the motherhood of Virgin Mary, comes to the sacred dimension of the idealized woman saint by the Church. At the same time, however, feels the need for freedom, identity and independence, needing to give a voice to the desire to have their sexuality and all that it is due in full. The manifestation of the desire and the call for sexual satisfaction, and put in permanent conflict personal, psychological and social split between moral entrenched across generations and cultural transformations resulting from decades of the 20th Century.