Aplicação do laser Er,Cr:YSGG em periodontia e implantodontia: revisão de literatura

Lasers are widely used tools in many therapeutic modalities in medical lasers and can be divided into low and high intensity. For the treatment of periodontal disease, lowintensity lasers are related to reduce the number of bacteria and to induce inflammatory and analgesic properties. The high intensity lasers can be used in surgical procedures, improving hemostasis, promoting more accurate cuts, removal of dental calculus as well as thermomechanical and photochemical interactions with tissue. The high-intensity laser Erbium impregnated with chromium: YSGG laser has shown satisfactory results when applied in endodontic, restorative denstistry, surgical procedures and non-surgical periodontal treatment. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the studies that investigated the effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser on the morphology and biocompatibility of titanium and root surfaces irradiated with these lasers, even beyond the effect on the treatment of periodontitis and periimplantitis.

Human dental enamel and dentin structural effects after Er:yag laser irradiation

Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations-namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission. The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and infuence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifcations caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate. Clinical relevance: Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the super-fcial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifcations of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems.

A microscopic analysis of the effects of root surface scaling with different power parameters of er,cr: YSGG laser

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different power parameters of an Erbium, Cromium: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet laser (Er,Cr:YSGG laser) on the morphology, attachment of blood components (ABC), roughness, and wear on irradiated root surfaces. Sixty-five incisive bovine teeth were used in this study, 35 of which were used for the analysis of root surface morphology and ABC. The remaining 30 teeth were used for roughness and root wear analysis. The samples were randomly allocated into seven groups: G1: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 0.5 W; G2: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 1.0 W; G3: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 1.5 W; G4: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2.0 W; G5: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2.5 W; G6: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 3.0 W; G7: scaling and root planning (SRP) with manual curettes. The root surfaces irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG at 1.0 W and scaling with manual curettes presented the highest degrees of ABC. The samples irradiated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser were rougher than the samples treated by the manual curette, and increasing the laser power parameters caused more root wear and greater roughness on the root surface. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser is safe to use for periodontal treatment, but it is not appropriate to use irradiation greater than 1.0 W for this purpose. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:529–535, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of Er:YAG laser on CaF2 formation and its anticariogenic action on human enamel: An in vitro study

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er: YAG laser on the formation of CaF2, after the application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), and its influence on the anti-cariogenic action in human dental enamel. Background Data: Er:YAG laser was designed to promote ablation of the enamel. However, the possibility of using this energy to increase the enamel's resistance to caries has hardly been explored, and neither has its interaction with the use of fluorides. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty blocks of enamel were allocated to four groups of 30 blocks each: (1) C, control group; (2) Er:YAG, laser; (3) APF; and (4) Er:YAG+APF. Of these, 80 blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 14 days. In the other 40 blocks, fluoride (CaF2) was measured before cycling. After pH cycling, surface microhardness (SMH), microhardness in cross-section (converted to mineral contents % vol. min.), and fluoride after cycling (40 blocks) were also determined. Results: SMH decreased in all groups. The control group showed the highest decrease, and Er:YAG+APF showed the lowest decrease (p < 0.05). Groups APF and Er:YAG showed the same results (p > 0.05). Mineral content at depths 10, 20, and 40 μm was lower in the control and Er:YAG groups, and higher in groups APF and Er:YAG+APF. CaF2 (μgF/cm2) deposited before pH cycling was higher in the APF group when compared to the Er:YAG+APF group. Control and Er:YAG groups showed the lowest values (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that Er:YAG laser influenced the deposition of CaF2 on the enamel and showed a superficial anti-cariogenic action, but not in depth.

Evaluation of hollow fiberoptic tips for the conduction of Er : YAG laser

Objective: The use of Er:YAG laser operating in the 3 μm range with adjustable power and pulses has become popular for dental and medical practice due to its high photoablative capacity, surgical precision and antimicrobial action. Background data: The existing fiberoptic tips irradiate lasers parallel to the long axes of the tooth limiting its efficiency in the root canal. Methods: We evaluated hollow fiberoptic tips obtained from silicate glass as a means of Er:YAG laser conduction in dental procedures. The fiber tips were molded from capillary tubes with different profiles so that their ends would have cylindric, conical or spherical shapes. The performance of the three fibers as a means of propagation of Er:YAG (λ = 2.94 μm) laser radiation was compared to that of a solid sapphire fiber at 10 Hz and 200 mJ and of 20 Hz and 500 mJ. The profiles of frontal and lateral burning were visualized on thermal paper. Results: Analysis of these profiles demonstrated that the sapphire tip and the hollow fiber of cylindric section did not differ significantly in the profiles of frontal burning, and no lateral burning was detected. The fibers of the conical and spherical sections, although presenting attenuation in the frontal output power, showed a larger burning area in the frontal profile, in addition to producing lateral burning. Conclusions: The results indicate that commercial hollow fiberoptics have advantages such as easy manufacture of the different tip shapes, great adaptability, low cost, and a low loss of transmission. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Síntese e caracterização de complexos de lantanídeos pesados e ítrio(III) como o fármaco ibuprofeno no estado sólido

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação in vitro de superfícies de titânio irradiadas com laser de Er,Cr:YSGG

Introduction: As a new alternative in the complementary treatment lasers teem different systems were employed in the decontamination of dental surfaces implants however, some systems have caused significant changes in its surface. Purpose: Analyze by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) the effects of laser irradiation of Er,Cr: YSGG on different surfaces of titanium. Material and method: Study of 20 titanium discs, and 10 Machined Surface (MS) and 10 surfaces treated with acid (AC). The 10 discs with the same treatment were divided into two groups with five units each, the irradiation was performed in powers of 1 W and 2 W. Result: Showed that the irradiation with 1 W of power resulted in no significant morphological changes in the MS-irradiated compared to non-irradiated surfaces. In MS surfaces, minor changes were observed in the increase of 1000× when compared to non-irradiated surface. With 2 W of power, there were no significant morphological changes in the MS, compared to non-irradiated areas. In AC some changes were observed in the increase of X 1000, showing areas of wear suggestive of treatment and some areas with melting point. Conclusion: Considering the results and the parameters used in this study it was concluded that the Er, Cr: YSGG irradiation can be used for the machined surfaces of implants, but in acid-treated surfaces irradiation parameters should be more controlled.