358 resultados para Diversidade de espécies
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The drainage basin of Cascavel River is almost entirely within the urban perimeter of Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil. Seven stream segments were sampled in two seasons (summer and winter). We found 12 taxa of macroalgae with a dominance of Chlorophyta (seven taxa) followed by Cyanophyta (three taxa), Heterokontophyta and Rhodophyta (one taxon each). Richness, diversity, and evenness were higher during the winter while the abundance and dominance were higher in the summer. Among the microenvironmental characteristics, the current velocity was the only one that differed significantly between the periods. The regression analysis revealed that the richness of the substrate was responsible for the variation in richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance during the summer period. During the winter the current velocity was responsible for the variation of species diversity. A cluster analysis of macroalgal communities did not group points in the same temporal period. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the segments were close to each other because of the occurrence of one or a few species in common. The patterns of spatial and temporal distribution of stream macroalgae seem to be strongly influenced by microhabitat characteristics at different scales.However, they aresupported by regional variables.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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From November 2009 to January 2010 we collected 22 specimens of Physalaemus cuvieri from a preserved area (State Park of Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa Virginia, São Paulo State, Brazil) and 21 specimens from a disturbed area with habitat fragmentation (rural areas – São Luis do Paraitinga municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil) to compare the helminth fauna associated to this anuro species. The helminth fauna is composed by the nematodes of family Cosmocercidae, Physaloptera sp. and Rhabdias sp. as well as Acanthocephalus saopaulensis in the individuals from the preserved area; the individuals from the fragmented area also presented nematodes of family Cosmocercidae, Physaloptera sp. and Rhabdias sp. as well as Oswaldocruzia subauricularis and the monogenea Polystoma cuvieri. Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index (IE) and Dominance frequency were calculated in both localities, but there was no statistical diference. The diversity of helminth species was calculated by Shannon, Brillouin and Berger-Parked index, and by using Shannon diversity t-test we compared helminths diversity associated with anfibian from this two localities
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O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma área remanescente de Cerrado “Sensu Lato” dentro do espaço que abriga a Escola do Meio Ambiente - EMA, localizada no município de Botucatu, interior do Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo principal do mesmo foi o estudo e descrição dos tipos de frutos e sementes, e respectivas síndromes de dispersão das espécies ali presentes. As coletas foram feitas através do método de caminhamento, no período de abril a novembro de 2009. As espécies em frutificação tiveram seus frutos coletados e suas características registradas. A classificação dos frutos foi feita a partir da textura (carnoso ou seco) e quanto à deiscência (deiscente ou indeiscente). Foram analisadas 41 espécies, escolhidas a partir do levantamento preliminar feito na área. O modo de dispersão predominante foi a autocoria, embora secundariamente muitas espécies se dispersem por anemocoria, por se tratar de uma região aberta onde os ventos são constantes. A dispersão por zoocoria também foi significativa, o que pode estar associado à abundância e diversidade de espécies de animais observadas no local
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Swamp forests, are laid down in the lowlands, with almost permanent presence of water on the soil surface and generally occupy portions fairly flat. In 2003 a phytosociological survey was conducted of the tree and shrub component of a swamp forest established on a steep slope in Rio Claro - SP, through the use of 45 permanent plots of 10 mx 10 m (0.45 ha) divided into three blocks: 1, 2 and 3. The present study aimed to review these plots and discuss the dynamics of vegetation in the swamp forest in question period of eight years. Altogether 1529 individuals were found alive, belonging to 29 families and 47 species. It can be observed that there was a decrease of one family (Flacourtiaceae) and two species (Xylosma tweediana, Inga marginata) in relation to 2003. In general there was a loss not only in number of individuals, but basal area and species diversity. The Block 1 was the only one to show a positive balance in terms of numbers of individuals (2.75%); in Block 2, there was little variation (1.72%) which is negative; whereas Block 3 had the largest decrease, 19.18%. The mortality rate (2.74% / year) for the community remained higher than the recruitment (1.81% / year). There was a decrease (3.19%) of total basal area of the sample relative to 2003, with the highest relative dominance by Calophyllum brasiliense. The decline in diversity of species could be evidenced by the Shannon index, which was 2.0 nats.individual-1 and evenness of 0.52. The most important species (IVI) were Euterpe edulis, Calophyllum brasiliense and Magnolia ovata, together accounting for 59% of IVI community. High mortality and low recruitment rates indicate disturbances in the community, some factors such as proximity to roads, the different soil types associated with a high rate of water saturation and the declivity are crucial to the balance within the community
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Nas florestas Neotropicais, os mamíferos podem desempenhar papéis importantes como predadores e/ou dispersores de sementes, polinizadores, frugívoros, folívoros ou até mesmo predadores de topo e, por isso, são importantes para a manutenção e regeneração das comunidades biológicas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) realizar um levantamento da diversidade de espécies de aves e mamíferos cinegéticos no PETAR, (ii) estimar a abundância relativa, densidade, biomassa e tamanho populacional das aves e mamíferos mais avistados, (iii) comparar a diversidade e abundância das espécies estudadas em dois núcleos com diferentes pressões antrópicas. A área de estudo esta localizada na Serra da Paranapiacaba, que é a segunda maior área protegida do estado de São Paulo, possuindo mais de 125 000 ha, onde quatro Unidades de Conservação estão conectadas (Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Parque Estadual de Intervales, Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho e Estação Ecológica Xituê). Ligadas a Serra do Mar, estas UC´s formam um grande corredor de biodiversidade que compreende o maior contínuo florestal de Mata Atlântica. O presente estudo segue o mesmo protocolo de amostragem do projeto BIOTA Fapesp (01/14463-05). As espécies alvo da amostragem foram aves de grande porte (Cracídeos, Tinamídeos e Fasianídeos) e mamíferos acima de 1kg, com exceção do esquilo (Guerlinguetus ingrami) que é uma espécie indicadoras de áreas defaunadas. Para o levantamento qualitativo (riqueza) foram utilizadas identificação de pegadas, carcaças, rastros e observações ad libitum. Já o levantamento quantitativo (abundância, densidade, biomassa e tamanho populacional) foi obtido pelo método de transecções lineares, em que para cada indivíduo observado foram obtidas a distância perpendicular animal-trilha, horário do avistamento, número de indivíduos e sua localização... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Among several sites in Brazil, where the local human community develop a consistent knowledge on the environment they live, there is Cananeia local authority in south coast of Sao Paulo. The history of Cananeia is presented as an ancient human occupation, which, nowadays, culminates in 12000 habitants that survive from tourism and fishing. Considering the great importance of the knowledge about plant toxicity, the objective of this work is to develop a study with the residents and its focus is their acquaintance with toxic plants, which occur on contiguous areas. After a preliminary recognition field work, the local authority under study was subdivided into two areas for sampling, characterized by the different levels of human occupation: (A) Island area, more occupied, and (B) Continental area, less occupied. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in both areas according to the “snow ball” method, due to the specifically interest of making comparisons. The plant species cited in the interviews were collected, herborized and identified. One proceeded quali- and quantitative analysis in order to elucidate differences between the studied areas, to establish relations among age/sex of the habitants, the cited species diversity and the practice of knowledge transmission. Were carried out 90 interviews (47 in island, 43 in continent) in which the habitants have cited 137 ethno-species. Both communities are much alike, although the manly differences were presented by the occupation and the uses of the toxic plants. At the island, were interviewed three key-informers, this fact that has not happened at the continent. It was not noticed significant statistical difference between the diversity of toxic plants knew by the habitants of both areas, but a huge dissimilarity was found. The most cited plants, especially the ornamental ones, at both areas are scientifically... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)