Prediction of the combustion process in fluidized bed based on physical-chemical properties of biomass particles and their hydrodynamic behaviors

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of Eu substitution on the crystallographic and magnetic properties of the BiMn2O5 oxide obtained by urea combustion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions from Mimoun Complexes to Sulfides and Sulfoxides. A Bonding Evolution Theory Analysis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The University and its libraries: reactions and resistance to scientific publishers

This paper addresses the relationship of copyright and the right of universities on scientific production. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are causing many changes in the system of scientific communication, such as the creation of Institutional Repositories that aim to gather scientific production in digital format. The University needs quicker ways of spreading academic production and many questions are emerging due to contexts such as the Open Access movement. Thus, this paper questions the positioning of Universities, especially Public Universities, which despite having policies related to intellectual property to protect the transferring forms of research results to society; many times do not have a positioning or a mechanism that regulates the self-deposit of scientific production in these Institutional Repositories. In order to develop this paper, the following issues are addressed: lack of interest of the University in storing scientific production; reports on the relationship of the library with scientific publishing houses; the participation of faculty members and students in supporting the Free Access movement; and initiatives aimed at greater flexibility of copyright to the context of scientific production. In order to follow the development of these issues at international level, it was opted for qualitative research with non-participating direct observation to carry out the identification and description of copyright policy of important publishers from the ROMEO SHERPA site; therefore, it can be observed that there are changes regarding the publishers' flexibility before self-archiving of authors in open access institutional repositories in their universities. Given this scenario, we presente reflections and considerations that involve the progress and mainly the integration of the University and its faculty members; the institution should recommend and guide its faculty members not to transfer their copyrights, but to defend their right of copy to Institutional Repositories along with Publishing Houses.

The Mutagenic Potential Caused by the Emissions from Combustion of Crude Glycerin and Diesel Fuel

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dinitrosyl iron complexes with cysteine. kinetics studies of the formation and reactions of dnics in aqueous solution

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pyrolysis, combustion and oxy-combustion studies of sugarcane industry wastes and its blends

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Kinetic study of the co-firing of bagasse-sludge blends

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tar reduction in downdraft biomass gasifier using a primary method

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Analysis of oxy-fuel combustion as an alternative to combustion with air in metal reheating furnaces

Using oxygen instead of air in a burning process is at present being widely discussed as an option to reduce CO2 emissions. One of the possibilities is to maintain the combustion reaction at the same energy release level as burning with air, which reduces fuel consumption and the emission rates of CO2. A thermal simulation was made for metal reheating furnaces, which operate at a temperature in the range of 1150-1250 degrees C, using natural gas with a 5% excess of oxygen, maintaining fixed values for pressure and combustion temperature. The theoretical results show that it is possible to reduce the consumption of fuel, and this reduction depends on the amount of heat that can be recovered during the air pre-heating process. The analysis was further conducted by considering the 2012 costs of natural gas and oxygen in Brazil. The use of oxygen showed to be economically viable for large furnaces that operate with conventional heat recovering systems (those that provide pre-heated air at temperatures near 400 degrees C). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cooperative effects of H+ and H- hydrido carbonyl ruthenium derivatives; role of homogeneous and heterogeneous protonic and lewis acids in catalytic hydrocarbonylation reactions

The role played by H+ hydrido iodocarbonyl and H- hydrido carbonyl ruthenium catalysts in the different catalytic steps of hydroformylation and hydroesterification of olefins, and in the homologation of alcohols has been investigated. The H- hydrido carbonyl species are mainly involved in the activation of olefins and in the hydrogenation of the acyl intermediates to aldehydes and alcohols, whereas the H+ hydrido iodocarbonyl derivatives are involved in the activation of alcohols and other oxygenated substrates, and in their carbonylation to esters. The cooperation between the two species, possible under particular reaction conditions, results in an improvement of the selectivity towards homologation (carbonylation plus hydrogenation) products. Heterogeneous Lewis acid promoters, easily recyclable from the reaction mixture, have also been successfully used in the hydrocarbonylation of alcohols, resulting in an increase of the carbonylation and homologation products. A reaction pathway in agreement with the experimental results is discussed. © 1989.

Real-time Sampling of Particulate Matter Smaller than 2.5 µm from Amazon Forest Biomass Combustion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Association between neuropathic pain and A-Waves in Leprosy patients with type 1 and 2 reactions

Summary: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a well-recognized feature of leprosy neuropathy. However, the diagnosis of NP is difficult using only clinical criteria. In the study reported here, by means of conventional nerve conduction studies, the authors sought for an association between long-latency responses and NP complaints in leprosy patients with type 1 and 2 reactions. Of the 27 ulnar nerves of leprosy patients, 18 with type 1 reaction (T1R) and 9 with type 2 reaction (T2R) were followed-up for 6 months before and after steroid treatment. Clinical characteristics of pain complaints and clinical function were assessed, as well as the presence of F- and A-waves of the ulnar nerve using nerve conduction studies. The clinical and the neurophysiologic findings were compared to note positive concordances (presence of NP and A-waves together) and negative concordances (absence of NP and A-waves together) before and after treatment. Both reactions presented a high frequency of A-waves (61.1% in T1R and 66.7% in T2R, P < 0.05) and prolonged F-waves (69.4% in T1R and 65.8% in T2R, P = 0.4). No concordances were seen between pain complaints and F-waves. However, significant concordances between NP and A-waves were observed, although restricted to the T2R group ([chi]2 = 5.65, P = 0.04). After treatment, there was a significant reduction in pain complaints, as well as the presence of F- and A-waves in both groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). In conclusion, the presence of A-waves correlates well with pain complaints of neuropathic characteristics in leprosy patients, especially in those with type 2 reaction. Probably, such response shares similar mechanisms with the small-fiber dysfunction seen in these patients with NP, such as demyelination, intraneural edema, and axonal sprouting. Further studies using specific tools for small-fiber assessment are warranted to confirm our findings.

Study of combustion of different biomass and its atmospheric emissions

One of the energy alternatives that provide utility, flexibility, cleanliness and economy is biomass, such as forest waste (wood) and agricultural (sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, coffee pods, etc.). However, with its increasing supply and use grows also the concern of industries to invest in monitoring and control of emissions into the atmosphere, because during biomass burning are emitted as exhaust gases, fine particles known as particulates, which greatly contribute to the triggering of serious health problems to humans, in addition to the environmental damage. With that, this work aimed to conduct a monitoring of particulate and gaseous pollutants emissions to the atmosphere from the burning of various types of biomass used by industries. The equipment used for sampling were the optical monitor DataRAM 4 and the Unigas3000 + gas sampler. The results showed that biomass coffee pods presented the greatest concentration of particulates (485119 μg m-3) with particle diameters between 0.0602 μm and 0.3502 μm, i.e. the most ultrafine particles, harmful to human health and the environment. The largest emissions of CO and NOx were observed, respectively, for the coffee pods (3500 ppm) and for the rice husk (48 ppm). As for the superior calorific value (PCS), the best of fuel, with higher PCS, was the Eucalyptus grandis.