Sward canopy structure and performance of beef heifers under supplementation in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures maintained with three grazing intensities in a continuous stocking system

The objective of this study was to assess the sward canopy structure of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures maintained in three grazing intensities under continuous stocking system during the rainy season, along with the behavior and performance of grazing beef heifers supplemented with mineral salt or an energy/protein supplement. Three levels of forage allowance were assessed: 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg of forage/kg of live weight, combined with two supplements (ad libitum mineral salt, and an energy/protein supplement at 0.3% of live weight/day, supplied daily). The experiment was designed as a randomized block study with two replications. The supplements did not influence the variables related to the canopy structure. Canopy height was greater at higher forage allowances during the late summer and early fall. Similarly, the stem mass was greater in pastures with higher forage allowances. Animals fed protein supplement spent less time grazing than animals supplemented with mineral salt. Stocking rate was higher in pastures with lower forage allowance levels, which increased the live weight gain per grazing area. Daily weight gain did not vary according to the forage allowance levels. The use of an energy/protein supplement did not affect the stocking rate; however, it increased individual live weight gain and live weight gain per grazing area compared with mineral salt supplementation. The use of energy/protein supplements is an efficient alternative to enhance animal performance and production under grazing systems during the rainy season

Characterization of condensed tannins from native legumes of the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chromosome polymorphism in the Brazilian dwarf brocket deer, Mazama nana (Mammalia, Cervidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Short communication: Principal components and factor analytic models for test-day milk yield in Brazilian Holstein cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Results of 23 years of selection for post-weaning weight in a Caracu beef herd

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bayesian inference in genetic parameter estimation of visual scores in Nellore beef-cattle

The aim of this study was to estimate the components of variance and genetic parameters for the visual scores which constitute the Morphological Evaluation System (MES), such as body structure (S), precocity (P) and musculature (M) in Nellore beef-cattle at the weaning and yearling stages, by using threshold Bayesian models. The information used for this was gleaned from visual scores of 5,407 animals evaluated at the weaning and 2,649 at the yearling stages. The genetic parameters for visual score traits were estimated through two-trait analysis, using the threshold animal model, with Bayesian statistics methodology and MTGSAM (Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models) threshold software. Heritability estimates for S, P and M were 0.68, 0.65 and 0.62 (at weaning) and 0.44, 0.38 and 0.32 (at the yearling stage), respectively. Heritability estimates for S, P and M were found to be high, and so it is expected that these traits should respond favorably to direct selection. The visual scores evaluated at the weaning and yearling stages might be used in the composition of new selection indexes, as they presented sufficient genetic variability to promote genetic progress in such morphological traits.

Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para peso em diferentes idades para animais da raça Tabapuã

Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para pesos do nascimento aos 570 dias de idade para 35.308 animais da raça Tabapuã, nascidos entre 1975 e 2000, pertencentes à ABCZ (Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu) sob três modelos distintos. O modelo 1 incluiu o efeito genético aditivo direto como aleatório, além dos efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos, definido pelas variáveis: proprietário, rebanho, criador, rebanho do criador, sexo, condição de criação, ano e mês de nascimento, ano e mês da pesagem, e os efeitos linear e quadrático de idade do bezerro e idade da vaca ao parto como covariáveis. O modelo 2 compreendeu, além dos efeitos supracitados, o efeito de ambiente permanente materno. O modelo 3 constou dos efeitos genético aditivo direto e materno e de ambiente permanente materno (aleatórios) e os mesmos incluídos no modelo 1 (fixos). de acordo com o teste de razão de verossimilhança, o modelo 3 foi o mais adequado para ajustar os efeitos estudados. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram baixas a moderadas (0,08 a 0,26), decrescendo do nascimento às idades subseqüentes, com picos aos 90 e aos 180 dias de idade. Aos 345 dias de idade, ocorreu novo aumento nas estimativas, com menor oscilação entre as estimativas subseqüentes até 570 dias de idade. As estimativas de herdabilidade materna foram baixas, sendo maiores no período da desmama.

Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para peso do nascimento aos 550 dias de idade para animais da raça Tabapuã utilizando-se modelos de regressão aleatória

Foram utilizados 21.762 registros de peso do nascimento aos 550 dias de idade de 4.221 animais para estimativa das funções de covariância empregando modelos de regressão aleatória. Os modelos incluíram, como aleatórios, os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e materno, de ambiente permanente de animal e de ambiente permanente materno e, como fixos, os efeitos de grupo contemporâneo, a idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático) e o polinômio ortogonal de Legendre da idade do animal (regressão cúbica), como covariáveis. As variâncias residuais foram modeladas por uma função de variâncias com ordens de 2 a 6. Análises com polinômios ortogonais de diversas ordens foram realizadas para os efeitos genético aditivo direto, genético aditivo materno, de ambiente permanente de animal e de ambiente permanente materno. Os modelos foram comparados pelos critérios de informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) e Akaike (AIC). O melhor modelo indicado por todos os critérios foi o que considerou o efeito genético aditivo direto ajustado por um polinômio cúbico, o efeito genético materno ajustado por um polinômio quadrático, o efeito de ambiente permanente de animal ajustado por polinômio quártico e o efeito de ambiente permanente materno ajustado por polinômio linear. As estimativas de herdabilidade para o efeito direto foram maiores no início e no final do período estudado, com valores de 0,28 ao nascimento, 0,21 aos 240 dias e 0,24 aos 550 dias de idade. As estimativas de herdabilidade materna foram maiores aos 160 dias de idade (0,10) que nas demais fases do crescimento. As correlações genéticas variaram de moderadas a altas, diminuindo conforme o aumento da distância entre as idades. Maior eficiência na seleção para peso pode ser obtida considerando os pesos pós-desmama, período em que as estimativas de variância genética e herdabilidade foram superiores.

Gastrointestinal nematode infection in beef cattle of different genetic groups in Brazil

Resistance to natural infection by gastrointestinal nematodes was compared in 67 female calves of the following genetic groups: Nelore (NX); 1/2 Senepol + 1/2 Nelore (SN); and 1/2 Aberdeen Angus + 1/2 Nelore (AN). The NX (n = 26), SN (n = 23) and AN (n = 18) animals were monitored for 14 months, during which they remained without treatment, allowed to graze in a tropical environment. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG), coprocultures and packed cell volume (PCV) were carried out monthly. No significant effects of the interaction between the genetic groups and month/year of collection and the genetic group on the EPG were found, but there was a significant influence of the month of collection (P < 0.01). The monthly PCV measurements did not differ for the animals of the three genetic groups and there was no association found between the EPG and PCV. The animals of the SN and NX groups showed similar numbers of EPG with results zero, while for the AN group these numbers were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Although the NX group had a large number of EPG with results zero, it also contained many animals with high counts, meaning this group had higher averages during the entire study period. The following nematode genera were found in the coprocultures: Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus, the latter in smallest proportion. There was no significant difference between the genetic groups for averages of all parasites identified, except Cooperia, which were present in higher numbers in the animals of the NX group (P < 0.05). The results obtained in this experiment suggest that the use of Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbreeds can be a good strategy to reduce the use of chemical control in Brazil. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Habitat use and home range of brown-nosed coati, Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in the Brazilian Cerrado biome

The brown-nosed coati (Nasua nasua) is a carnivorous species found in all the Brazilian biomes, some of which are endangered areas. The aim of this work was to determine the habitat use and selection, home range and core area of N. nasua in the Cerrado biome, central region of Tocantins, Brazil. The study was carried out in an area of approximately 20 000ha from May 2000 to July 2002. A total of seven box traps were placed in the area for 13 months, three of 11 captured animals were followed and monitored by radio-tracking during 13 months. The monitoring was conducted once a day, three times a week using a car and walking through the study area (radio-tracking and visual contact). The results demonstrate that these three males used more frequently the gallery forest formation, followed by cerrado and wetlands. The use of gallery forest by these animals indicated an habitat selection (Proportion test, z=12.98, p< 0.01). Besides, adult males used the gallery forest more frequently (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and wetlands less frequently (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) than juvenile males, without significant differences between animal ages for cerrado percentage of habitat use. Besides, results also showed a gallery forest selection by adult (Proportion test z= 13.62, p<0.01) and juvenile (Proportion test z=2.68, p<0.01) males, and a wetland selection by the juvenile male (Proportion test z=3.90, p<0.01). The home ranges varied from 2.20 to 7.55km2 for the Minimum Convex Polygon 100% (MCP 100%) and from 4.38 to 13.32km2 for the Harmonic Mean 95% (HM 95%). The smallest home range overlap occurred between the adult males (Nm1 and Nm3), and the greatest between the juvenile Njm2 and the adult Nm1. The average of the core area (HM 75%) for the three monitored animals represented 21.29% of the home range calculated with HM 95%. No overlap between core areas was observed for adult males, but, it was an overlap between the core area of the juvenile male and its band with that of the two adult males. The present study provides new data on core area size and frequency habitat use by adult and juvenile males of N. nasua in the Brazilian Cerrado, that may support conservation efforts. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1069-1077. Epub 2010 September 01.

Influence of genetic type and level of concentrate in the finishing diet on carcass and meat quality traits in beef heifers

Carcass and meat quality traits of thirty-six feedlot beef heifers from different genetic groups (GG) fed at two concentrate levels (CL) were evaluated using 12- Nellore (NE), 12 - 1/2Angus x 1/2Nellore (AN) and 12 - 1/2Simmental x 1/2Nellore (SN) animals. Six heifers of each GG were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: concentrate at 0.8% or 1.2% of body weight (BW). Heifers fed concentrate at 0.8% of BW had greater (P<0.05) dressing percentage. None of the proximate analysis components of the beef were affected (P>0.05) by either CL or GG. Heifers from the AN group had higher (P<0.05) carcass weights, 12th rib fat thickness and lower dressing percentage (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. NE heifers had greater WBSF values (P<0.05) than the other genetic groups. Data suggest that the concentrate level can be reduced without compromising meat quality traits. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of pelleting and pellet size of a concentrate for intensively reared beef cattle on in vitro fermentation by two different approaches

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The validity of n-alkanes to estimate intake and digestibility in Nellore beef cattle fed a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic associations between stayability and reproductive and growth traits in Canchim beef cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk yield in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)