Avaliação espaço-temporal da disponibilidade hídrica subterrânea do município de São José do Rio Preto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de sistema de informação geográfica na avaliação do uso da terra em Botucatu (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos gases de efeito estufa a partir do carvão

This paper addresses the context of emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from activities related to Coal, called fugitive emissions. The survey of factors, development, analysis, and suggestions for controlling emissions are conducted in order to reduce risks to the environment and people around it. The greenhouse gases absorb radiation, emitted by the Earth’s surface, and hinder their escape into space. This process is essential to terrestrial life. Increasing the concentration of those gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase in the terrestrial temperature. A selection of processes that emit gases and the study and development of calculations for measuring fugitive emissions applied in different sources from coal are performed. The greenhouse gases can be released from the extraction, processing, storage, and transportation of fossil fuels to the end consumer. Coal has 4 main fugitive factors: mining, post-mining, oxidation at low temperature, and uncontrolled combustion. The coal formation process produces methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), being the methane, the main greenhouse gas from the coal mining and handling. The types of activities and the weight of each in the issuing process are observed. It is also made comparisons between the countries with the highest emissions rates. Are evaluated what has been done and what is needed to decrease emissions, for example the use of gas as an alternative fuel for energy generation

Avaliação do estado emocional associado à catalepsia causada pela administração intraperitoneal de haloperidol

Haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist used to treat schizophrenia. When systemically administered in rodents, haloperidol induces catalepsy, a state of immobility very similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease. It is known that many of Parkinson's disease symptoms are dependent on the emotional state since patients are still able to respond to external triggers such as loud noise or visual signaling. Recent data highlighted the importance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the inferior colliculus (IC) on the cataleptic state induced by haloperidol in rats. Given the importance of IC in the brain aversion system and its connections to motor pathways, and based on the clinical reports of the emotional influence on the motor aspect of Parkinson's disease, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the emotional aspect related to catalepsy induced by intraperitoneal administration of haloperidol. To this end, we analysed ultrasonic vocalizations (UVs) of 22 kHz (indicative of aversion) in rats during the tests of catalepsy, open field and contextual conditioned fear. Systemic administration of haloperidol affected the motor activity, inducing catalepsy and decreasing exploratory activity in the open field. There were no UVs of 22 kHz resulting from treatment with haloperidol in catalepsy or open field tests. In the contextual conditioned fear test, haloperidol increased freezing when administered before the test, but decreased freezing on test day when administered before training. In this same test, haloperidol decreased the UVs on the day it was administered (training or test). The catalepsy induced by systemic administration of haloperidol seems to have also affected the motor aspect of UVs. In this way, it was not possible to clarify the existence of an aversive emotional state associated haloperidol induced catalepsy

Diagnóstico geoambiental e avaliação de risco à saúde humana para uma área industrial contaminada por hidrocarbonetos localizada no município de Paulínia (SP)

This paper deals with a case study of assessing risk to human health, with the study area of an industrial site in the city of Paulinia (SP) contaminated by oil, which is disturbing situation that occurs in the state of Sao Paulo, which represents risks for human health, as toxic and carcinogenic potential of petroleum products. As an essential foundation for risk assessment, a Geo-environmental diagnosis of the region was made, posing as historical information of the area and accidents, regional geology and hydrogeology, characterization of contaminants and affected media, contaminant transport and data on potential receptors and pathways. Because of the detection of contaminants above the intervention values CETESB (2005) it was possible to proceeded to quantify risks to human health and the determination of maximum acceptable concentrations for no damage to health, using the methodology and software RBCA Tier 2 (ASTM , 1998) and Spreadsheet Risk Assessment recently published by CETESB. The results showed the risk to the health of industrial workers and regular employees of civil works (both on site) for ingestion of groundwater and inhalation of vapors indoors.

Avaliação do método de classificação baseada no objeto em imagens de alta resolução espacial aplicado para o monitoramento de faixa de dutos: estudo de caso no entorno da refinaria de Capuava em Mauá - SP

The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da atividade citotóxica de espécies vegetais em linhagens celulares humanas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Implementação de um sistema de informação voltado à sensibilidade ambiental ao óleo do litoral sul paulista e avaliação das ações de resposta a derramamentos de óleo

Oil spills cause serious damage to the cost life and environments. Those impacts affect ecologic and socio-economic resources (like fishing and tourism). Within this background, response actions have two main objectives: the contaminant removal, with the less additional impacts, and enhance environment restoration in order to make this process complete in the shortest time possible. The present work proposes to contribute for the emergency environmental management in cases of oil spills by systematization of relevant information for oil spill environmental sensitivity maps. The next stage was to insert all these data on a geographic database, which allows data access by web. Beside that, this work aimed to recommend suitable clean-up techniques for the ecosystems located on the study area, composed by the municipalities: Praia Grande, Mongaguá, Itanhaém and Peruíbe, belonging to Baixada Santista and Iguape, Cananéia and Ilha Comprida, south cost of São Paulo state. This area is situated between two important Brazilian ports: Santos and Paranaguá, and that make it under considerable accident risks. The results were all data inserted on the geodatabase and available to user recover the information by web consulting. With that, this work wishes to contribute to individual emergencial planning of the region.

Resultados das intervenções educativas em farmacovigilância: uma revisão sistemática

A notificação espontânea por profissionais da saúde é o principal método de avaliação do risco/benefício da utilização de medicamentos, pois permite a análise da frequência, gravidade e expectativa dos eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAMs). No entanto, a principal limitação deste método é a subnotificação dos casos, causando grandes impactos na saúde pública, tais como gastos desnecessários para as instituições e diminuição da segurança do paciente. A fim de identificar técnicas de intervenção educativa efetivas no incentivo à notificação espontânea por profissionais da saúde nos diferentes níveis de atenção, realizou-se revisão sistemática nas bases de dados PUBMED, PAHO, LILACS e EMBASE no período de novembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012, com posterior atualização em março de 2013, por meio da utilização de descritores científicos em farmacovigilância, buscando-se identificar estudos originais que avaliaram o impacto da intervenção educativa desenvolvida. Pela estratégia elaborada, foram identificados 101 artigos, dos quais 16 contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos estudos inclusos foram conduzidos na Europa (14), e a maioria das intervenções foi destinada ao nível terciário de atenção à saúde (11) e principalmente aos médicos (12). As técnicas efetivas de intervenção educativa identificadas foram multifacetadas, resultando no aumento do número absoluto, porcentagem ou taxa de notificação espontânea, além de melhorar a qualidade dos relatos de reações adversas a medicamentos (RAM): graves, inesperadas, relacionadas a medicamentos novos e com alta causalidade. Ademais, faz-se necessária educação permanente dos profissionais para maior adesão à farmacovigilância e contribuição para o gerenciamento de riscos

Avaliação da degradação da mata ciliar no entorno do rio Corumbataí causada pela expansão urbana de Rio Claro/SP

In most brazilian cities, urban growth has occurred without adequate planning. Consequently, portions of the city were being occupied, often areas unfit for use and occupation of land, causing risks to local residents and decline of urban environmental quality. One of the most frequent problems is the riverbank occupation, causing the deforestation of the riparian vegetation. Given the above, this paper aimed to map the urban sprawl of Rio Claro/SP, as well as riparian vegetation in the vicinity of Corumbataí in the area including the urban area. For this purpose, GIS techniques were used in order to prepare the thematic map of urban expansion, as well as a map of the riparian vegetation through interpretation of aerial photographs in the environment of ARCGIS. From the maps, an analysis of “Plano Diretor” was made in order to verify if the current occupation of urban land meets the stipulations of this legal instrument

Avaliação da produtividade no trabalho organizado em turnos em uma empresa vidreira

Work organized in shifts, either for technological, social or economic imposition, allows the best use of means of production, increasing the overall productivity of the enterprises. At the same time, this type of work harms the individual productive capacity of workers, particularly those involved in the night shift. The objective of this work was to assess the behaviour of production in a continuous line and subjected to work organized in shifts. Through the statistical method of analysis of variance, Spearman's test and Tukey's method, was analysed the distribution of the productivity index measured in three fixed shifts of work in a glass company. The productivity index, provided by the integrated management system of the company, refers to the ratio of actual productivity to total productivity. The statistical analysis shows that factors of production, such as allocation of workers, do not interfere with productivity, showing an unexpected pattern, where the average productivity for the three shifts are close and the correlation between the number of workers on the line and productivity is low. The conditions of production had an adverse work environment with exposure to noise, heat, vaporized mist of lubricating oil and risk of accidents. The findings show that the calculation of productivity in use is limited and its use in company’s production control may produce distortions. It is proposed to examine alternative calculations methods that consider the overall productivity

Avaliação da membrana de troca aniônica DE 81 como ligante ba técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradientes de concentração (DGT) para a determinação de Cromo VI

It is known that there is a wide variety of bioavailable trace metals in aquatic systems, and its determination is fundamental to predict impacts to organisms in these environments. However, the determination of the total concentration of chemicals in aquatic systems, despite its importance, does not provide necessary information for decision making or even may lead to misinterpretation of the procedures and potential risks to the system in question. This study aimed to use the technique of diffusion in thin films by concentration gradients (DGT) to evaluate the anion exchange membrane Whatman DE 81 as binder alternative in determining Cr (VI). Experiments were carried out to determine the diffusion coefficients for the material used diffusion (agarose gel). The behaviors of the binders were analyzed before the main variables of the systems, immersion time, pH and ionic strength. Then was made the assessment of potential interferences, to finally proceed with testing using actual samples in the laboratory and in situ

Avaliação toxicológica durante a biodegradação de óleos e biodiesel

Atividades relacionadas com a extração do petróleo, bem como as atividades derivadas envolvem grandes riscos, que podem ser ambientais ou à saúde humana. Podem ser de forma direta, como os derramamentos, ou indireta, como resíduos gerados pela sua utilização, poluindo ar, corpos d’água e solos. A biorremediação consiste na utilização de microrganismos tais como as bactérias, fungos filamentosos e leveduras para remediar um ambiente contaminado, transformando os compostos em algo pouco tóxico ou sem nenhuma toxicidade. A ciência que estuda os efeitos tóxicos nos organismos e no ambiente se chama toxicologia. Por isso existe uma íntima ligação entre essas duas ciências. O presente projeto tem como objetivo estudar a toxicidade de óleos lubrificantes automotivos (mineral novo, sintético novo e usado), óleos vegetais (novo e usado) e biodiesel durante sua biodegradação em ambiente terrestre. Análises descritivas e comparativas são as bases para o estudo e compreensão da biodegradação dos contaminantes aqui citados. Os testes toxicológicos darão uma idéia de biodegradação dos diferentes contaminantes no solo. Para os testes de toxicidade serão utilizadas sementes de Eruca sativa (rúcula), sementes de Lactuca sativa (alface) e Eisenia andrei (minhoca). Após 180 dias de biodegradação dos compostos pôde-se concluir que o óleo lubrificante sintético é o mais biodegradável e os demais contaminantes necessitam de tempo de biodegradação superior a 6 meses para que sua toxicidade fique baixa.

Avaliação dos benefícios da adoção de boas práticas de manejo no bem-estar de bezerros leiteiros

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV