Ação de antibióticos e quimioterápicos sobre alguns agentes baxterianos da mastite bovina, isolados da água utilizada no processo de obtenção do leite

Three strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 73 coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 28 Escherichia coli strains,isolated from water samples from 10 dairy farms, were tested for ''in vitro'' sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. The results showed that all samples isolated presented resistance to at least one active drug tested. The percentage of S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and E. coli strains that exhibited resistance to the three active drugs were 100.00%, 84.93% and 71.43%, respectively. These results are important mainly due to the role of water as a vehicle for transmission of mastitis bacterial agents during the milking process.

Variação na estrutura da vegetação de duas cultivares de Panicum maximum jacq. (colonião e tabiatã) submetidas a diferentes tipos de manejo. Composição em proteína bruta e digestibilidade In vitro da matéria seca

This work was carried out at FCAV-UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil, to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 50 kg N/ha/cut), three sucessive periods of growth (December 21st 1987, January 25th 1988 and February 29th 1988)) and three cutting ages (28, 35 and 42 days) on composition in crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility of two cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. i.e., Coloniao and Tobiata. Plants were harvested in five vertical layers above soil level (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and over 80 cm). The samples were divided in: green leaves, green stems and dry material. Generally, values of in vitro dry matter digestibility and the levels of crude protein of both cultivars were greater in the higher layers of the vegetation, with a decrease, however, for the other layers and more advanced phases of plants development, mainly with no N fertilization.

Estrutura, ultraestrutura e morfometria da aorta de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of segments of thoracic and abdominal aorta portions in four male and female paca (Cuniculus paca). Parts of the segments were examined by light microscopy and part by scanning electron microscopy. Thickness measurements of the tunica intima and media complex and tunica adventitia of the aorta were taken. In all animals the thickness values for the tunica intima and media complex of the cranial thoracic aorta were significantly higher (mean: 702.19 mu m) when compared to the values of other aortic segments analyzed (means: 354.18 mu m; 243.55 mu m). The layers of the vessel walls show variations in structure and thickness, presumably due to an adaptation to functionaldemand.

Estudo da penetração de agentes ácidos para o condicionamento do esmalte dental em cimentos à base de hidróxido de cálcio.

It was verified the penetration of phosphoric acid into 3 commercial calcium hydroxide-based cements (Life, Renew and Prisma VLC Dycal). The colorimetric method employed permitted the identidication of phosphorus amount in representative samples of 6 successive layers 0.1 mm thick of each material. The acid etching used were the commercial products Scotchbond Etching Gel--3M at 36.114% by weight and Solução Condicionadora--Johnson & Johnson at 36.054% by weight. The contact time was 60 seconds. The result showed that layers 0.1 mm tick for Life and Prisma VLC Dycal and 0.2 mm thick for Renew were able to block the penetration of phosphoric acid solution whereas layers 0.1 mm thick for the 3 cements were able to block the penetration of phosphoric acid gel.

Influência de diferentes agentes de fixação na resistência de união, por tração, de ligas metálicas fixadas à dentina.

They were casted pieces using three kinds of alloy (Ni-Cr, Ag-Sn and Cu-Al) with circular and smooth surface. They were cemented to human teeth, on occlusal surface, grounded at dentin level, through three different materials kind (zinc polycarboxylate cement, glassionomer cement and composite). After 24 hours storing, the samples were subjected to the tensile test. The results showed that the samples cemented with composite and the casts made with Ag-Sn alloy had higher bond strength.

Estrutura em quilha Brasil central, uma feicao fundamental na geologia de Goias e Tocantins

The older Precambrian geological setting of north Goias/south Tocantins includes three areas of granite-greenstone terrains formed of medium-grade gneisses with associated greenstone belts and nepheline syenitic gneisses, separated by two orogenic belts composing a crustal-scale pop-up structure. The movements were firstly oblique towards NW along the northwestern NNE-SSW-trending Porto Nacional suture, and afterwards of essentially frontal type towards ESE along the southeastern Ceres suture of curved geometry with N-S direction at north and WNW-ESE at the south. The Porangatu block, limited by these sutures, was upthrusted over the neighbouring underthrusted blocks. Three principal kinematic phases are recognized along the orogenic belts. -from English summary

Estrutura de guildas de polinizacao de Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. e S. variabile Mart. (Solanaceae)

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Solanum aculeatissimum and S. variabile (Solanaceae) were considered in this study with special reference to floral visitants and their behavior. The most frequent Solanum visitors are bees of the genus Centris, Epicharis, Bombus, Oxaea and Xylocopa that collect pollen from the anthers by means of body vibration. The behavior of those bees on the flowers and their flight distances makes them important pollinators mainly to Solanum aculeatissimum that bears cross-pollination. The guild of pollination of Solanum aculeatissimum and S. variable is composed by bees of the cited genus and by bees of the genus Thygather, Pseudaugochloropsis and Euglossa.

Ultra-estrutura de glândulas abdominais tegumentares em Oxaea flavescens (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Oxaeinae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microemulsões: Estrutura e aplicações como sistema de liberação de fármacos

Depending on formula composition, microemulsions may be used as a vehicle for drug administration. In this work the main applicable parameters used in the development of pharmaceutical microemulsions (ME) are analyzed. The conceptual description of the system, theoretical parameters related to formation of internal phases and some aspects of ME stability are described. The pseudo ternary phase diagram is used to characterize ME boundaries and to describe different structures in several regions of the diagram. Some applications of ME as drug delivery systems for different administration routes are also analyzed. ME offer advantages as drug delivery systems, because they favor drug absorption, being in most cases faster and more efficient than other methods in delivering the same amount of drug.

Estrutura genética de populações de Trichilia pallida Swartz (Meliaceae) por marcadores RAPD

Trichilia pallida Swartz is an Atlantic Forest shady climax tree of Meliaceae family that presents insecticide properties against chewing insects like as some family trees, making it interesting for forestry uses. Forty plants of Oito Pontas Farm population were collected in Bofete County, Santa Genebra Ecological Station in Campinas County, and Caetetus Ecological Station in Gélia County, all in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Leaf DNA analysis was used by RAPD method, that showed 10 highly polymorphic primers, with 72 dominant markers, used to estimate genetic diversity within and among populations. The polymorphism within populations varied from 90.3 to 97.2%, and the effective allele number varied from 1.46 ± 0.33 to 1.57 ± 0.33, while the average of genetic differentiation of populations varied from 0.27 ± 0.18 to 0, 33 ± 0.15. The gene diversity in the total population (H T) was 0.334 ± 0.02, while the average gene diversity within populations (H s) was 0.292 ± 0.017, and the coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST) was 0.125, Bofete and Campinas populations had the smallest Nei's genetic distance (0.049) and the distances of both with Gália were 0.117 and 0.107, respectively.

Geração de modelos digitais de superfície por meio de plataformas computacionais com estrutura vetorial e raster

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrate the technologies related to Geoprocessing, with the ability to manipulate georeferenced information through data storage, management and analysis. One of the GIS applications is the generation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) as a result of rebuilding the elevation of a region using computation tools and artificial representation. This paper presents the DEM created from a point base in two computational frameworks with different structures (vector and raster), comparing the contour lines generated from these models with the original contour lines from analog cartographic base. It was observed that one of the generated models presented some discrepancies related to real space for both GIS structures. However, using constrained Delaunay's triangulation in raster GIS a digital elevation model was generated with contour lines quite close to the original ones, with satisfactory results. A 3-D terrain representation was also created offering a very useful tool for analysis.

Efeitos do parasitismo sobre a estrutura branquial de Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello e Britsk, 1988 (Anastomidae) e Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes:Characidae).

This work described the lesions caused in different species of fish by gill parasites from fee-fishing at Guariba, State of São Paulo. The research was developed from april, 1997 to march to 1999, seeking to verified the kind tissues lesions from fish. Of these, forty and seven were Leporinus macrocephalus and fifty and five Piaractus mesopotamicus. About 87.2% of the L. macrocephalus, and 58.1% of the P. mesopotamicus were sponged by several species of parasites. The parasite most abundant in L. macrocephalus was Piscinoodinium pillulare, while monogenean, Trichodina sp and myxosporidian infected P. mesopotamicus. Severe gill lesions have been observed in L. macrocephalus and P. mesopotamicus caused by monogenean, P. pillulare e Trichodina sp. parasitism, such as intersticial hemorrhage, sub-epithelium edema, inflammation, epitelial hiperplasy in filaments and lamina, proliferation of mucosal cells and laminar fusion.

Aspectos toxicológicos do bissulfito e outros agentes tóxicos sobre a síntese de glicerol-3-fosfato desidrogenase citoplasmá tica de levedura de panificação

The synthesis of intracellular glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) in baker's yeast was investigated in submerged culture supplied with glucose or glycerol as sole carbon sources. Inhibitors of the glycolytic pathway, Krebs cycle and respiratory chain did not stimulate glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis when added in low concentrations in up 7.5 × 10 -5 mol/L. The repression exercised by glucose on the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in YP-glucose medium was reduced by the addition of fermentation products and of sodium bisulfite. Synthesis of the enzyme was raised 22-110%. However, in YP-glycerol medium, the addition of 0.06% (w/v) sodium bisulfite reduced (29%) the synthesis of the enzyme, while 0.012% (v/v) acetaldehyde stimulated the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by 12%.

Espectro de agentes etiológicos associados a surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos em núcleos receptores turísticos de três regiões geográficas do Estado de São Paulo

Foodborne and waterborne diseases are spread by the consumption of food or water contaminated with bacteria and/or their toxins, viruses, parasites or chemicals. The aim of the research reported here was to establish the spectrum of etiologic agents of foodborne outbreaks at 15 tourist resorts in three geographic regions of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The study was based on the cases reported to the Epidemic Surveillance Center (CVE) of the Public Health Authority of the State of São Paulo (SES), from 2002 to 2005. The tourist centers were chosen at random in three regions of the state (Capital, Interior and Coast) and offered the following attractions: events, agribusiness, cultural history, shopping, town center, gastronomy, health and leisure, sun and sea. Among the bacteria, the results showed that Salmonella spp. were most frequently associated with outbreaks, followed by Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter spp. Viruses (Rotavirus and Hepatitis A) played a part in many of the cases, while the frequency of parasites and worm infestations was low in the foodborne disease outbreaks at these resorts. The mixed foods (rice, beans, liver, potatoes, barbecue, juice), fish and poultry were the three commonest vehicles implicated in the outbreaks.