O setor elétrico brasileiro: passado e futuro

Este artigo analisa as possibilidades de uma estratégia nacional da política energética com visão de longo prazo, que sinalize, tanto para as agên­cias do governo quanto para a iniciativa privada, o rumo que se deseja seguir e que garanta as responsabilidades e o atendimento à sociedade. Por isso, re­toma as características da formação e do desenvolvimento inicial do setor elé­trico brasileiro, destacando a montagem de um eficiente modelo institucional estatal que garantiu, durante décadas, o crescimento econômico e o atendi­mento à população. Em seguida analisa, resumidamente, as crises que carac­terizavam o setor e as empresas, a partir dos anos 70, e seus desdobramentos que desembocaram na organização de uma reforma institucional privilegian­do a participação da iniciativa privada no setor. A parte final do artigo analisa diversos problemas, tendências e questões ainda em aberto decorrentes da marcha da transição rumo ao novo modelo institucional e da crise de energia elétrica mais recente. Destaca a importância das decisões da administração pública na transição e da revisão de conceitos relativos à reforma do Estado, no caso os limites do estado mínimo e dos mercados competitivos, na elabo­ração de uma estratégia de longo prazo para o setor.

Geoestatística na avaliação dos atributos físicos em latossolo sob floresta nativa e pastagem na Região de Manicoré, Amazonas

The use of geostatistical techniques allows detection of the existence of dependence and the spatial distribution of soil properties, thus constituting an important tool in the analysis and detailed description of the behavior of soil physical properties. The aim of the present study was to use geostatistics in assessment of physical properties in a Latossolo (Oxisol) dystrophic under native forest and pasture in the Amazon region of Manicore. Grids with of 70 x 70 m were established in native forest and pasture, and points were marked in these grids spaced at every 10 m, for a total of 64 points. These points were then georeferenced and in each one, soil samples (128) were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.20 and 0.40-0.60 m for a survey of their physical properties. These grids are parallel at a distance of 100 m from one another. The following determinations were made: texture, bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and aggregate stability in water. After tabulating the data, descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistical analysis were performed. The pasture had a slight variation in its physical properties in relation to native forest, with a high coefficient of variation and weak spatial dependence. The scaled semivariograms were able to satisfactorily reproduce the spatial behavior of the properties in the same pattern as the individual semivariograms, and the use of the parameter range of the semivariogram was efficient for determining the optimal sampling density for the environments under study. The geostatistical results indicate that the removal of native forest for establishing pasture altered the natural variability of the physical properties.

Revisitando a literatura sobre o empresariado industrial brasileiro: dilemas e controvérsias

Over the past five decades several different interpretative traditions have taken on the task of trying to explain the origin of industrialists in Brazil and to analyze their behavior pattern from a business perspective, as well as in response to the country's biggest political issues. Although this is a stimulating subject, considering the important role to be played by these social actors in weaving the fabric of capitalist modernization in 20th century Brazil, not much of substance has been written about it, in contrast with, for instance, research about the working class. This paper makes a brief assessment of what we believe to be one of the most significant among the possible variables for interpreting the experience of the industrialist class, which demands the complexity inherent to the topic as a counterpoint to the simplified generalization which is recurrent in most writings about this subject.

Síntese e caracterização elétrica de filmes varistores à base de 'SN''O IND.2' modificados superficialmente por difusão 'CR POT.3+' na região do contorno de grão

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Continuous vs. segmented second-dimension system gradients for comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diuron-induced rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis: Mode of action and human relevance evaluations using the International Programme on Chemical Safety framework

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

New species of the Pseudancistrus barbatus group (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) with comments on its biogeography and dispersal routes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutrient accumulation and biomass production of alfafa after soil amendment with silicates

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Defaunation in the Anthropocene

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência do ambiente rural e urbano no desenvolvimento funcional de crianças de até seis anos de idade

The influence of the environment on psychomotor development of children is evidenced in many studies. Many factors can threaten children’s development and hinder the children with regard to functional activities. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of urban and rural environment on the functional performance of children under six years old. Methods: The study included 30 children divided into two groups, one group consisted of 15 children of both genres with a mean age of 44.13 ± 20.97 months, residing in urban area and another for 15 children, both sexes with a mean age of 44.33 ± 20.91 months, residing in rural areas. All were tested using functional Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), which is based on an evaluation trial, conducted through structured interviews with those responsible for the child. This test outlines the functional profi le of children in three performance areas: self-care, mobility and social function, evaluated in three parts (functional skills, caregiver assistance and modifi cations to the environment). In this study we used the parts I (funcional skills) and II (caregiver assistance) in three areas: self-care, mobility and social function. The collected data were analyzed by means of the Mann - Whitney test, with the level of signifi cance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results show no signifi cant difference in the areas of self-care and mobility, both in relation to functional abilities when the caregiver assistance. In the area of social function, there was a lower performance of children living in rural areas, in functional abilities (p = 0.027) and caregiver assistance (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Based on this information, we can conclude that children who live in rural areas have a worse development of the social functions of children living in urban areas.

Eletroestimulação em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease may have muscle dysfunction, which ultimately reduce the functional capacity. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a technique that can be effective in these patients, and implies low overload to the cardiorespiratory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NMES on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD patients. Five patients (2 men, 3 women) were evaluated, with a mean age of 70.40 ± 6.61 years, and underwent anamnesis, anthropometric measurements, spirometry, pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary functional capacity and muscle strength in the lower limbs. After the evaluations, the patients were enrolled in a program of electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles, performed 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Each session lasted for 30 minutes, being reassessed at the end of the 15 sessions. Statistically significant response is observed to gain strength in lower limb (p = 0.005), but no significant responses were observed for the distance in six minute walking test before and after the test protocol for electrical stimulation. Showing that with NMES was located just gain muscle strength without effects on functional capacity, and there are few studies that investigate these effects, so further studies are needed to investigate this relationship.

Indicadores de depressão e de declínio cognitivo em idosos institucionalizados: um estudo de caso

This case study objectified investigating the symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p = 0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.

A produção institucional na perspectiva arquivística: Lei de Acesso à Informação e aproximações

This study regards the implementation of the Law of Access to Information, from an archivistic perspective of the institutional production of recorded projects in the period 1992- 2012 at the Letters and Arts Center (LAC) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and stored on digital medium in its database. It concludes that the effects of the law of access to information, as related to the institutional production by UFSM, will bring benefits to all society.

Modelling of the nitrogen deposition and dietary lysine requirements of Redbro broilers

The aim of this study was to determine the coefficients of the Goettingen model for Redbro birds and estimate the digestible lysine requirements. To determine the model parameters, three nitrogen balance trials were performed in Periods I (14-28 days), II (42-56 days) and III (70-84 days), using 42 birds per trial. The birds were individually housed and subjected to six diets with increasing levels of nitrogen, with lysine as the limiting amino acid (deficient by 20% in relation to other amino acids). Dietary nitrogen concentrations were 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 g/kg. A control diet was added to confirm lysine as the first limiting amino acid. Nitrogen balance trials were divided into 5 days of adaptation and two periods of excreta collection, each one of 5 days. The response of the birds to a control diet confirmed that lysine was the first limiting amino acid. The adjustment of the exponential functions between nitrogen retention or excretion and nitrogen intake allowed estimation of parameters of the Goettingen model. The maximum potential for nitrogen retention was 3276, 2585 and 2603 mg/BWkg0.67.day, nitrogen maintenance requirement was 225, 135 and 122 mg/BWkg0.67.day and efficiency of nitrogen utilisation was 313 x 10(-6), 406 x 10(-6) and 415 x 10(-6) in the phases of 14-28, 42-56 and 70-84 days. The digestible lysine intake for Periods I, II and III, based on 60% of the maximum potential for nitrogen retention, was 711, 989 and 1272 mg/day (1.225%, 1.137% and 1.09% of lysine in the diet for a daily feed intake of 58, 87 and 117 g/day), respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Zidovudine Nasal Delivery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)