High sodium intake during postnatal phases induces an increase in arterial blood pressure in adult rats

Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento em Pesquisa (CAPES)

Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diastolic blood pressure associated with accumulated work time among drivers and collectors

The relationship between diastolic blood pressure and the variables total cumulative working time and age was examined by regression analysis. The study was carried out among 839 bus drivers and conductors, users of an occupational health center in Campinas, S. Paulo State, Brazil. The main results were a positive association between diastolic blood pressure and cumulative working time, as well as an interaction between this variable and the bus worker's age.

Impact of obesity on autonomic modulation, heart rate and blood pressure in obese young people

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

High blood pressure and sedentary behavior in adolescents are associated even after controlling for confounding factors

The aim of this study was to determine whether high blood pressure (HBP) is associated with sedentary behavior in young people even after controlling for potential confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic level, tobacco, alcohol, obesity and physical activity). In this epidemiological study, 1231 adolescents were evaluated. Blood pressure was measured with an oscillometric device and waist circumference with an inextensible tape. Sedentary behavior (watching television, computer use and playing video games) and physical activity were assessed by a questionnaire. We used mean and standard deviation to describe the statistical analysis, and the association between HBP and sedentary behavior was assessed by the chi-squared test. Binary logistic regression was used to observe the magnitude of association and cluster analyses (sedentary behavior and abdominal obesity; sedentary behavior and physical inactivity). HBP was associated with sedentary behaviors [odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41-3.96], even after controlling for various confounders (OR = 1.68, CI = 1.03-2.75). In cluster analysis the combination of sedentary behavior and elevated abdominal obesity contributed significantly to an increased likelihood of having HBP (OR = 13.51, CI 7.21-23.97). Sedentary behavior was associated with HBP, and excess fat in the abdominal region contributed to the modulation of this association.

Daily intake of pasteurized orange juice decreases serum cholesterol, fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure in adults

Previous studies have shown that fresh squeezed orange juice or juice from reconstituted concentrate can help prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Pasteurized orange juice presently represents the major orange juice available in the market, and because of this, it becomes necessary to determine the healthy benefits associated with this product. In this study we investigated the effect of regular consumption of pasteurized orange juice on the nutritional status, biochemical profile, and arterial blood pressure in healthy men and women. Men and women volunteered to consume pasteurized orange juice (500 mL·d–1 and 750 mL·d–1, respectively), for 8 weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic, and dietary assessments were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the experimental period. Total cholesterol and LDL-C significantly decreased in both men and women after the consumption of orange juice, and an increase in HDL-C level was detected exclusively in women. Fasting glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels dropped in men after the consumption of orange juice. Anthropometric variables did not change with orange juice consumption, only waist circumference decreased significantly in women. Consumption of orange juice increased the energy and carbohydrate intake for women; however, vitamin C and folate increased after the orange juice period for both men and women. Regular consumption of pasteurized orange juice by men (750 mL·d–1) and women (500 mL·d–1) reduced the risk of developing atherosclerosis, and increased the nutritional quality of their diets.

Understanding the influence of oxidative stress and physical exercise in the relationship between blood pressure and uric acid

Due to the high incidence and prevalence of hypertension, especially in the elderly population, several studies have been developed to understand the relationship between etiological factors and blood pressure control. It has been demonstrated that hypertensive patients tend to present a status of hyperuricemia. This result suggested that there is a relationship between blood pressure and uric acid concentrations. However there is still a lack of studies that focus on this relationship, and especially how physical exercise could affect the relationship between both of them. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review and discuss the relationship between hypertension and uric acid concentration pointing the oxidative stress as the main factor of this relationship and discuss the physical exercise as the main preventive factor of high uric acid concentrations and oxidative stress. It has been described an increase in oxidative stress during the uric acid pathway because the high production of anions superoxide. This in turn, increases the activation of renin-angiotensin system and decreases nitric oxide bioavailability which will compromise the vasodilatation mechanism. However physical exercises have been associated with improvements in antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide production and bioavailability which will improve the blood pressure control.

Effects of weight loss on the cardiac parameters of obese dogs

A obesidade é uma das doenças nutricionais mais frequentemente observada em cães e pode provocar sérios problemas de saúde, como os distúrbios cardiovasculares. Realizou-se este estudo visando avaliar algumas das possíveis alterações estruturais e funcionais cardíacas decorrentes da correção da obesidade canina. Para isso foram utilizados 18 cães obesos divididos pelo peso corporal em Grupo I (até 15kg), Grupo II (entre 15,1 e 30 kg) e Grupo III (acima de 30 kg). Os animais foram submetidos à restrição calórica de forma a perderem 15% do peso vivo. Foram realizados os exames ecocardiográfico em modo-M, eletrocardiográfico e mensuração da pressão arterial dos animais antes do início do tratamento da obesidade e após atingirem o peso meta. Os resultados revelaram que após a redução de peso ocorreram diminuições significativas da espessura da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo durante a sístole e diástole no Grupo III, diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica no Grupo III e também da pressão arterial média no Grupo II. Assim, concluiu-se que a perda de peso pode reverter as alterações estruturais cardíacas, como a hipertrofia excêntrica do ventrículo esquerdo em cães obesos acima de 30 kg, como também reduzir a pressão arterial sistêmica em cães obesos submetidos à restrição calórica mediante administração de dieta hipocalórica.

Cardiovascular fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese men and women aged 58 years and older, in Portugal

Background: A better physical fitness may have survival advantages in adults. Aim: To analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors among obese subjects aged 58 years and older. Material and Methods: Cardiorespiratory fitness using the six-minute walk test, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood pressure were measured in a non-representative sample of 76 obese Portuguese subjects aged 58 to 87 years (55 women). Participants were stratified in tertiles of walking capacity according to the six-minute walk test. Results: Six minutes walk test results were negatively correlated with percentage body fat (r = -0.28; p = 0.012) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.23; p = 0.045). Participants located in the lowest tertile for the six minutes walk test had an odds ratio of 4.34 (95% confidence intervals: 1.02-18.43) for elevated blood pressure. Conclusions: A lower six minutes walk test result is associated with a higher risk for high blood pressure. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1164-1169).

Associação entre estado nutricional e pressão arterial em escolares

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between nutritional status and blood pressure in adolescents from a private school. Were recruited 316 young of both gender with age raging from 11 to 15 years old. Were measured body mass, stature, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The statistic procedures were composed by median, interquartile range, chi-square test and Poisson regression. The prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure was significantly higher in boys (38% and 24%, respectively) when compared to girls (19.3% and 14.4%, respectively). Overweight adolescents presented a higher risk (about 2-fold) to develop high blood pressure. In conclusion, overweight seems to be associate with high blood pressure in adolescents.

Efeitos da reposição hidroeletrolítica sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em exercício e recuperação

INTRODUÇÃO: a necessidade de reposição ao máximo das perdas hídricas tornou-se estabelecida e difundida nos consensos internacionais. Entretanto, permanece pouco compreendida a influência da reposição quando administrada, igualmente, durante e após o exercício sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios. OBJETIVO: analisar os efeitos da reposição hidroeletrolítica na frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), saturação parcial de oxigênio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória (f) de jovens durante e após um exercício de longa duração. MÉTODOS: 31 jovens (21,55 ± 1,89 anos) realizaram três visitas ao laboratório (intervalo de 48 horas entre elas), sendo na primeira aplicado um teste incremental, para determinação da carga utilizada nas visitas seguintes, e nas duas últimas, denominadas protocolo controle (PC) e protocolo experimental (PE), os sujeitos foram submetidos a 10 min de repouso supino, 90 min de exercício em esteira ergométrica (60% do VO2pico) e 60 min de repouso supino. No PC não houve hidratação e no PE houve ingestão de solução isotônica. Os parâmetros FC, PAS, PAD, SpO2 e f foram mensurados no final do repouso; nos minutos 30, 60 e 90 do exercício, com exceção da f; e nos minutos 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 pós-exercício. Foi aplicado o teste t de Student ou teste de Mann-Whitney e ANOVA para medidas repetidas ou teste de Friedman seguidos de testes post hoc, com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: a solução hidroeletrolítica proporcionou manutenção da PAS e da PAD, e menor incremento da FC durante o exercício; e promoveu retorno mais rápido da FC e conservou PAD, SpO2, PAS (a partir do 5º min) e f (a partir do 30º min) no período de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: o protocolo de hidratação influenciou parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de jovens durante e após a realização de atividade física submáxima de intensidade constante e longa duração.

Efeito da técnica de oscilação oral de alta freqüência aplicada em diferentes pressões expiratórias sobre a função autonômica do coração e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da técnica de oscilação oral de alta freqüência (com o aparelho Shaker), aplicada em diferentes pressões expiratórias (PE), sobre a função autonômica e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios. Foram coletados dados de 20 voluntários jovens saudáveis (21,6±1,3 anos), que permaneceram em repouso inicial por 10 minutos e, em seguida, fizeram três séries de dez expirações no aparelho (com intervalo de descanso de 2 minutos entre as séries) em três diferentes PE - pressão livre (PL), de 10 (P10) e de 20 (P20) cmH2O - permanecendo por mais 10 minutos em repouso final. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Após a aplicação da técnica, constatou-se diferença significante nos índices de variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca em PL e um aumento significante na pressão arterial sistólica em P20. Na pressão arterial diastólica, freqüência respiratória e saturação periférica de oxigênio não foram encontradas diferenças antes, durante e após a técnica, nas diferentes PE. A percepção do esforço aumentou significantemente ao longo das séries em PL e P20 e entre P10 e P20 em cada série. A freqüência cardíaca (FC) aumentou e diminuiu em sincronia com os movimentos de inspiração e expiração, respectivamente. Foram observadas modificações na modulação autonômica do coração em PL. A aplicação da técnica nessa população, nas diferentes PE analisadas, promoveu modificações no comportamento da FC, no esforço percebido e, em PL, na modulação autonômica do coração.

Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction are induced by chronic food restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Several studies have shown alterations in hearts from animals subjected to food restriction (FR). However, few experiments in hearts evaluating pressure overload have been reported. We examined the effects of chronic FR on myocardial function and morphology in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sixty-day-old SHR were fed a control (C) or a restricted diet (daily intake reduced to 50% of amount of food consumed by the control group) for 90 days. Myocardial performance was studied in isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle. Food restriction decreased body weight and LV weight; LV weight/body-weight ratio was lower in the food-restricted group (SHR-C, 2.84 +/- 0.21 mg/g; SHR-FR, 2.56 +/- 0.24 mg/g; P <.05). Food restriction did not change arterial systolic blood pressure. Myocyte surface area was lower in the food-restricted group (P <.01). Food restriction induced myocardial ultrastructural alterations including reduced sarcoplasm content, reduced and disorganized myofilaments, disorganized Z line, dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and deep infoldings of plasma membrane. Myocardial hydroxyproline concentration was increased in the restricted rats. Peak developed tension (P <.05) and maximum rate of tension development (P <.01) were decreased in the SHR-FR group. In conclusion, myocardium of SHR subjected to chronic FR presents attenuation of hypertrophy development, ultrastructural changes, increased collagen content, and systolic dysfunction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em voluntários participantes de evento de educação em saúde

INTRODUCTION. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death in Brazil.OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the frequency of CVD risk factors In a population attending a health education community event.METHODS. Retrospective study that included 428 completed forms with clinical and demographic information of volunteers attending a public event, in May, 2006. Data were expressed by means and standard deviation or proportions and compared by Student's t test or Chi-square test. Associations between Arterial Hypertension (AH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and clinical variables were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Significance level was p<0.05.RESULTS. Mean age was 57 +/- 14years, and women represented 58% of the total population. The main cardiovascular risk factors were AH (39.5%), DM (15.4%) and dyslipidemia (25.89%). The frequency of unawareness about these risk factors was respectively 8.4%, 17.5% and 33.1%.. Family history of CVD was reported by 41% while only 67% reported having any information about DM or dyslipidemia. Among obese individuals (IMC >= 30 Kg/m2, 27.3% of the population), systolic blood pressure (133 +/- 16mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (84 +/- 11.5mmHg) and casual glycemia (124 +/- 52.5mg/dl) were higher when compared to non-obese (p<0.05). There was a significant association between obesity and dyslipidemia (p=0.04). Age and IMC were independently associated with AH and DM.CONCLUSION. The high frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in this population suggests the need for educational programs to promote primary prevention, mainly for the elderly and overweight. [Rev Assoc Med Bras 2009; 55(5): 606-10]