Análise ambiental da problemática relacionada à falta de água no município de Itu, SP

The water resources scarceness in world become more evident and worried everyday, because the occurrence of water waste, without consider context of potable water deficit, period of long dryness, resource distribution and population density, urban concentration, industrial and rural areas, pollution process, contamination, beyond aspect related to sanitation and public health affect an entire population. At Itu city, this problem is already real, the population face the lack of water risk in dryness period, damaging their life quality and the city economic development, because Itu is a touristic city that has a mixed economy with activities in business dealing, agriculture and industrial department, all conect to water consumption.

Degradação ambiental e qualidade de vida na microbacia do Córrego do Gramado – Presidente Prudente/São Paulo

The late industrialization, together with other factors, ended up directing much of the rural population to cities, without adequate planning, resulting in high density and irregular settlements in risk areas to low-income population. The man settled in the urban site to break environmental laws that eventually causing an imbalance in the natural environment, causing or exacerbating the shortage in availability of water resources. This situation also happened in Presidente Prudente, especially in the east, the focus of this research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the causes of degradation of waterways in urban areas, focusing on society's relationship with nature and its consequences on environmental quality and quality of life of urban population located in the watershed of stream of Gramado, Presidente Prudente - São Paulo. In this catchment there is the irregular deposition of solid waste in the valley, remnants of old pollution release of domestic sewage and industrial (currently collected and intended for treatment), accelerated processes of erosion in some areas of intensive use of the relief and consequently, the bed siltation of streams that are part of the basin. The quality of urban life was seen through socioeconomic and environmental indicators, which were identified through questionnaires to residents, according to local residence in the landscape, divided into three segments: the tops 60 residents, 90 residents and 112 residents in the areas in valley bottoms. With these data we can relate them to the degradation of the basin and aggregate them to the quality of life of residents. Field studies were needed to visualize the changes that occurred in the watershed over the past three years, with the implementation of works aimed at improvements to the community as the conduit stream of Gramado and construction and operation of Sewage Pumping Stations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Zoneamento acústico urbano e mapeamento de níveis sonoros na zona central de Rio Claro (SP): diretrizes para o gerenciamento do ruído integrado ao planejamento ambiental urbano

Considering the growing degradation of the urban environmental quality resulting from the progressive sound pollution increase, as well as the consequent harmful effects about the human health, the present study had its central objective the argument and management tools implementation of the urban noise that can be integrated to the environmental planning in the city of Rio Claro (SP). Therefore, normative and bibliographical revisions were developed, that made feasible the directives of control argument and prevention of the urban noise, as well as the technical procedures of sound levels and evaluation’s definition and especially about the criteria applicable for the elaboration of an urban acoustic zoning methodology. Among the main results obtained detach: (1) the applicable legislation to the management of urban noise’s synthesis and argument; (2) the methodology of urban acoustic zoning development and (3) its implementation to determined areas of Rio Claro (SP) with the (4) respective cartography representation; (5) the mapping of sound levels in the central zone of Rio Claro (SP), (6) the obtaining and analysis of noise describers (LAeq, Lmáx, L10, L50, L90, Lmin and TNI) and the subsequent (7) acoustic maps elaboration for the main describers.

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...

Estudo de variações bioquímicas e genotoxicidade induzidas por mistura de contaminantes em tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), como biomarcadores de contaminação ambiental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crescimento e desenvolvimento chinês: o desafio ambiental

O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a ascensão da China nos últimos anos e o impacto ambiental gerado por esse processo. Tal análise abordou os conceitos de desenvolvimento e desenvolvimento sustentável desde sua origem até a atualidade. Com foco no país objeto deste trabalho foram apresentadas as suas fontes de crescimento através de um panorama histórico-econômico e dados econômicos do período estudado de 1978 até 2012. Além disso, foi abordado de que maneira o processo acelerado de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico do país afetou o meio ambiente, como resultado do processo de industrialização, das políticas de abertura a investimentos estrangeiros, entre outros fatores. Outra análise de destaque deste trabalho é o sobre o tamanho da população do país, sua demanda energética e indicadores ambientais que mostram a situação da China no que diz respeito ao meio ambiente e sustentabilidade. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta medidas e políticas propostas e adotadas pelo governo para proteger o meio ambiente e torná-lo sustentável. Verificou-se que o crescimento chinês esteve associado a forte poluição e degradação ambiental

Métodos geoelétricos aplicados ao diagnóstico ambiental subsuperficial do Cemitério Municipal de Rio Claro, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cultura organizacional, inovação e gestão ambiental: integrando conceitos para a edificação de organizações sustentáveis

The main purpose of this article is to relate two among the most important themes of the current organizational dynamic: organizational culture, innovation and environmental management. Great part of the literature about environmental management and environmental innovation refers to organizational culture as the most arduous wall or the most significant element to develop effective practices of business environmental management. However, relationship among such concepts is, many times, superficial or camouflaging the necessary analytic depth. To solve this challenge, this article integrates the levels of the organizational culture (workmanships, values and presupposed unconscious), the typologies of environmental innovation (total productivity of resources, innovations for the segregation of materials and articulation of bio-systems), and the environmental technologies (end-of-pipe, environmental measurement, pollution prevention and zero-impact technology). Recommendations and challenges for the continuity of this research are registered.