Substituição do milho pela glicerina em suplementos múltiplos para novilhos Nelore em pastejo

The objective was to evaluate the performance and production costs of Nellore steers growing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the dry season receiving mineral supplements with partial replacement of corn by residual glycerin. 40 Nellore steers with initial body weight of 203.12 +/- 20.10 kg and average initial age of 12 months, distributed into eight paddocks of 1.6 ha each, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates and eight supplements. Supplements with levels of partial replacement of corn by glycerin were evaluated: 0% (G0), 10% (G10), 20% (G20), 30% (G30), 40% (G40), 50% (G50) and 60% (G60) provided on the amount of 1 kg/animal/day in the natural matter, and a mineral supplement (MS). The average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.05) in animals receiving supplements G30 (0.609 kg), G40 (0.588 kg) and G60 (0.611 kg) in relation to supplements G0 (0.546 kg), G10 (0.509 kg), G50 (0.561 kg) and MS (0.223 kg). There were differences (P <0.10) in ADG in supplemented animals when compared to MS. The supplemented animals showed higher ADG (P<0.05) compared to MS. The different levels provided positive financial return. It is concluded that the supply of multiple supplements replacing the corn by glycerol in production systems of steers in the dry period provides higher productive performance levels of 30, 40 and 60% and positive financial return to levels of 60% of replacement, demonstrating thus, its potential use for intensive systems of beef production on pasture.

Ectoparasites of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cage farming in a hydroelectric reservoir in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribution, composition and seasonality of aquatic birds in the Nhecolandia sub-region of South Pantanal, Brazil

Despite remarkable significance of Pantanal for the conservation of aquatic birds, the status of their populations, the spatiotemporal patterns of distribution and habitat use and structure of communities are little known. Thus, we studied three aquatic environments (Negro river, bays and salines) from 2007 to 2009 in the Nhecolandia Pantanal to verify the distribution and composition of aquatic birds and also if there is significant seasonal influence on these aspects. We adopted the transect method (288 hours of sampling) and recorded 135 species (7.834 individuals). The Negro river showed the highest diversity, while the salines the lowest. The similarity of aquatic bird communities was higher between bays and salines, followed by Negro river and bays and lower between salines and Negro river. The equidistribution is more variable in the salines and more stable in the Negro river. The environments strongly differ from each other in aquatic bird composition in space (habitat use and distribution) and time (seasonal water fluctuations). The diversity of bird community in the dry season varies significantly in the salines, followed by the bays and more stable in the Negro river. The Negro river, regardless of large annual amplitude of flow, is more seasonally stable since its riparian vegetation is continuous (not isolated) and constant. These aspects provide better conditions to stay all year, contributing to decrease the seasonal nomadic tendencies of aquatic birds. Finally, all these data provide strong arguments to the preservation of all phytophysiognomies in the Nhecolandia sub-region of Pantanal, but with special attention to the salines widely used by many flocks of aquatic birds (mainly in the dry season) and migrant and/or rare species restricted to this habitat.

Atividade cambial em ramos de Kielmeyera grandiflora (WAWRA) saddi (Callophylaceae) ocorrentes no cerrado paulista

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fluxo de gases de efeito estufa na implantação de sistema silvipastoril em pastejo com ovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise sazonal e espacial da precipitação pluvial na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ivaí, Paraná

Climate variability and therefore the rainfall is often cited today, in times to speak of "global change", "global warming", "anthropogenic disasters," among other terms related to climate issues, which may cause floods and disasters that affect entire regions. In this sense, the seasonal rainfall and its extremes in the basin of Ivaí river, which has a drainage area of approximately 36 000 km2, covering a length of 680 km, located in the State of Paraná between coordinates 22 º 54'S 25 ° 44'S and 55 44'W to 52 º 42'W, were analyzed. Influence of rainfall for the man occupation is undeniably important, not less important is the role that this issue poses to the climate abiotic and biotic environment, because the dynamic relations between the fauna and flora is directly related to the availability of water in system (in this case, rain). The methodological procedures used during the research focused on statistical analysis of rainfall series daily, monthly and yearly, provided by the Superintendence of Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection Agency - SUDERHSA, an agency linked to the government of Parana. The analysis period chosen was from 1975 to 2005, with 38 stations for data collection, distributed evenly across the search area. The standard rainfall in the basin is explained mainly by convective processes in the summer (wet season) and front system causing more homogeneous rainfall over the basin (dry season). What is well marked is the occurrence of maximum rainfall in the years 1983 and 1997 (El Niño) and minimal in the years 1977, 1985 and 1988 (La Niña). Finally, although the study area have undergone a significant change in your landscape for over thirty years, this study indicates no significant interference in rainfall.

Desempenho de bovinos cruzados terminados em confinamento e qualidade dos músculos longissimus e semitendinosus in natura e maturados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evolução diurna e anual da frequência das coberturas de céu em Botucatu/SP

This work presents an analysis of the pattern variation of the sky conditions in Botucatu/SP. The classification was based on the clarness index KT. It was used in the classification a database of global solar irradiance in the horizontal, measured at Radiometric Station of UNESP in Botucatu (latitude 22.85°S, longitude 48.43°W, altitude 786 m) from 1996 to 2005. We analyzed the variations in frequency, during the photoperiod and over the year, of the sky conditions: I - Cloudy (KT < 0.35); II - party cloudy with dominance for the diffuse (0.35 < 0.55 < KT)) III - party cloudy with dominance for the clear (0.55 < KT < 0.65) and IV - clear (KT > 0.65). The frequency of sky conditions I and II are higher during the rainy season of the year and in hours close to sunrise and sunset. And it is lower during the dry season an in hours near noon, in wich there is a predominance of sky conditions III and IV. The monthly hourly frequency of sky condition I ranged from 46,91% of the photoperiod in January to 25.27% in August. And the frequency monthly daily ranged from nine days in January to three days in August. To the sky condition IV, the frequency monthly hourly ranged from 38.81% of the photoperiod in August to 18.17% im January. And the frequency monthly daily ranged from 17 days in August to three days in January.

Ambientes de pedrais como áreas estratégicas para a conservação da biodiversidade fluvial: um estudo da ictiofauna do rio Sapucaí-Mirim (SP) e suas interações tróficas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biodiversidade de parasitas de peixes da família Loricariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) procedentes do rio Sapucaí-Mirim, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade da carne de bovinos recriados em pastagens associada a suplementação e terminação a pasto ou no confinamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O fitoplâncton como discriminador ambiental dos reservatórios do Sistema Cantareira (SP)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais - Sorocaba

Manejo de transição para agricultura orgânica, sob cultivo de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), favorece a diversidade de fungos no solo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Diagnóstico ambiental no período frio e seco do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros físicos, químicos e físico-químicos

The present study was concerned with checking the water quality, the recovery of the riparian vegetation and vegetation around the springhead of stream Bandeirantes, such as the inadequate disposal of waste along this stream, which is located in Rio Claro, SP, in the period from March to July of 2010. Aiming to propose mitigation measures to reverse the degradation processes and develop activities to help a better awareness of the population directly related to this water resource. The water quality was analyzed by performing monthly sampling in three different points along the stream. The first point of sampling is in the spring of the stream, the second at the region called estradão and the third near its mouth, when it flows into the Ribeirão Claro, a tributary of the right bank of the Corumbataí river. It was calculated from the Water Quality Index (WQI) developed by Cetesb. The results were compared with current law. The riparian vegetation, which is responsible for the protection of rivers and streams, was observed and examined during the field work. The results indicated the stream as class 2 and the WQI has been classified, in the most of the analysis, such as a water of good quality. However, some parameters showed a worrying situation and highlighted the current situation, with waste deposits, furniture and animal waste into the pit of the stream studied

Produção e composição do leite de vacas de quatro grupos genéticos submetidas a dois manejos alimentares no período de lactação

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e composição do leite de vacas de corte das raças Charolês (C), Nelore (N), mestiças CN filhas de touros C e mestiças NC filhas de touros N, mantidas em pastagem nativa e submetidas a diferentes manejos no pré-desmame: suplementadas com farelo de arroz integral (0,7% do peso vivo) e que desmamaram aos 42 ou 63 dias pós-parto, ou não suplementadas e que desmamaram aos 63 dias. A idade das vacas variou de 3 a 12 anos, sendo agrupadas em quatro classes: primíparas, jovens, adultas e velhas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, cujo modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos de manejo, grupo genético e idade da vaca, período e as interações entre esses fatores. Os teores de lactose e gordura não foram influenciados pelos fatores estudados. Houve interação significativa entre idade da vaca e período para a produção de leite e entre manejo e idade da vaca para o teor de proteína. Vacas suplementadas apresentaram maior produção de leite (3,85 contra 3,25 L/dia), teor de extrato seco total - EST (12,18 contra 11,83%) e teor de extrato seco desengordurado - ESD (8,75 contra 8,57%). A produção de leite decresceu com o avanço do período de lactação, sendo a queda mais acentuada nas vacas não suplementadas. Vacas CN produziram mais leite (4,17 L/dia) do que as puras, não diferindo das NC (3,76 L/dia). Vacas N apresentaram produção de leite similar (3,76 L/dia) às C (3,11 L/dia). No entanto, as primeiras apresentaram leite com melhor qualidade, incluindo proteína (3,16 contra 2,86%), EST (12,52 contra 11,46%) e ESD (8,87 contra 8,49%). Vacas adultas apresentaram maior teor de ESD, seguidas das vacas jovens, das primíparas e das velhas, com valores de 8,86; 8,62; 8,62; e 8,54%, respectivamente.