Well, what about intraspecific variation? Taxonomic and phylogenetic characters in the genus Synoeca de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Cely and Sarmiento (2011) took issue with the cladistic analysis of relationships among species of the genus Synoeca by Andena et al. (2009a), and presented a reanalysis. They claimed that intraspecific variation in the genus is meaningful, and proper consideration yields a conclusion different from that of Andena et al. Both their critique and reanalysis are vitiated by numerous errors, as is shown in the present paper. © 2013 Magnolia Press.

Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the spider mite genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphology (Acari:Tetranychidae)

Despite their great importance as pests of cultivated plants worldwide, members of the family Tetranychidae have never been subjected to a thorough cladistic analysis to reveal the history and relationships among related genera. Herein, we provide the first phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic review of species of the genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphological characters. The results indicate a monophyletic clade uniting the aforementioned genera, although none of the three genera were recovered as monophyletic. We reinstate the tribe Aponychini as the taxon containing those three genera. Aponychus bambusae and A. aequilibris are herein considered junior synonyms of Stylophoronychus vannus and A. corpuzae, respectively. © 2013 CSIRO.

Phenological Changes in the Southern Hemisphere

Current evidence of phenological responses to recent climate change is substantially biased towards northern hemisphere temperate regions. Given regional differences in climate change, shifts in phenology will not be uniform across the globe, and conclusions drawn from temperate systems in the northern hemisphere might not be applicable to other regions on the planet. We conduct the largest meta-analysis to date of phenological drivers and trends among southern hemisphere species, assessing 1208 long-term datasets from 89 studies on 347 species. Data were mostly from Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), South America and the Antarctic/subantarctic, and focused primarily on plants and birds. This meta-analysis shows an advance in the timing of spring events (with a strong Australian data bias), although substantial differences in trends were apparent among taxonomic groups and regions. When only statistically significant trends were considered, 82% of terrestrial datasets and 42% of marine datasets demonstrated an advance in phenology. Temperature was most frequently identified as the primary driver of phenological changes; however, in many studies it was the only climate variable considered. When precipitation was examined, it often played a key role but, in contrast with temperature, the direction of phenological shifts in response to precipitation variation was difficult to predict a priori. We discuss how phenological information can inform the adaptive capacity of species, their resilience, and constraints on autonomous adaptation. We also highlight serious weaknesses in past and current data collection and analyses at large regional scales (with very few studies in the tropics or from Africa) and dramatic taxonomic biases. If accurate predictions regarding the general effects of climate change on the biology of organisms are to be made, data collection policies focussing on targeting data-deficient regions and taxa need to be financially and logistically supported. © 2013 Chambers et al.

A new species of hydrogamasellus (acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae) from brazil, with a key to the world species of the genus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Revisão e análise cladística das espécies de Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Leguminosas arbustivas e arbóreas de fragmentos florestais remanescentes no noroeste paulista, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bignoniáceas de dezoito fragmentos florestais remanescentes no noroeste paulista, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Taxonomia das espécies de Lutosa Walker, 1869 das florestas do leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: taxonomia, morfologia externa e do complexo fálico (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea, Anostostomatidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Taxonomic review of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925) and related species (Anura : Hylidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudos taxonômicos no gênero Blechnum L. (Pterophyta : blechnaceae) para as regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade morfológica, genética e química de populações naturais de Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellf

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Taxonomic assessment and biotechnological potential of yeasts hold at the Unesp - Central for microbial resources

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Sistemática das espécies brasileiras de Lutosa Walker, 1869 (orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea, Anostostomatidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudos taxonômicos dos grilos troglófilos do gênero Strinatia Chopard, 1970 e uma hipótese de relacionamento filogenético para suas espécies (Orthopthera, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

DNA barcode of Parodontidae species from the La Plata river basin - applying new data to clarify taxonomic problems

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)