470 resultados para Seeder fertilizer
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Altas produtividades do feijoeiro são obtidas sob condições tecnológicas adequadas, destacando-se o uso de sistemas de manejos de solo e a adubação nitrogenada, porém, há pouco conhecimento sobre tais técnicas culturais interferindo nas características nutricionais e tecnológicas de grãos. Desse modo, o trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a interferência da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N) no feijoeiro, cultivar Pérola, cultivado no preparo convencional do solo e no plantio direto e suas relações com a produtividade, eficiência agronômica, características nutricionais e tecnológicas do grão. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, onde as parcelas foram constituídas pelos sistemas de manejo de solo e as subparcelas pelas doses de N em cobertura. A produtividade do feijoeiro é influenciada positivamente pela adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, com maior necessidade de fertilizante no plantio direto. A eficiência agronômica é superior no sistema de preparo convencional do solo. O aumento do teor de proteína bruta é em função das doses crescentes de N em cobertura nos sistemas de plantio direto e de preparo convencional do solo. O tempo para cozimento dos grãos é diminuido em função das doses de N empregadas no sistema de plantio direto em relação ao preparo convencional. Há aumento no tempo para a máxima hidratação dos grãos até a aplicação de 120 kg ha-1 de N no sistema de plantio direto e no preparo convencional do solo.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento da batata-doce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], cultivar Rainha Branca, submetida a fontes e parcelamentos da aplicação de 80 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, instalou-se um experimento, no período de abril a agosto de 2007, na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7, com duas fontes de nitrogênio (uréia e sulfato de amônio) e oito de épocas parcelamentos da aplicação (100% no plantio; 100% aos 30 dias após o plantio (DAP); 100% aos 60 DAP; 50% no plantio e 50% aos 30 DAP; 50% no plantio e 50% aos 60 DAP; 50% aos 30 e 50% aos 60 DAP; 33% no plantio, 33% aos 30 e 33% aos 60 DAP), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o peso médio de raízes comerciais, a produção e o número de raízes comerciais por planta e as produtividades total e comercial de raízes de batatadoce. O maior peso médio de raízes comerciais (294 g) foi obtido com o parcelamento do N, como uréia, 50% no plantio e 50% aos 30 DAP. O parcelamento de N 33% no plantio, 33% aos 30 DAP e 33% aos 60 DAP na forma sulfato de amônio foi responsável pela maior produção de raízes comerciais por planta (337 g). Para o número de raízes comercias e as produtividades total e comercial, o N na forma de sulfato de amônio parcelado 33% no plantio, 33% aos 30 DAP e 33% aos 60 DAP proporcionou os maiores valores, 1,50 raízes, 30,5 e 28,4 t ha-1, respectivamente.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) stands out as a staple food of the world population due to important nutritional properties. However, rice physico-chemical parameters vary according to genotype and management, for example, the use of nitrogen fertilizer. The aim of this work was to evaluate physico-chemical parameters of grains from thirteen cultivars of upland rice under supplemental sprinkler irrigation and fertilized with different nitrogen rates by topdressing (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha(-1)). Parameters such as milling efficiency, commercial grade, gelatinization temperature, as well as total nitrogen and crude protein contents of grains were evaluated. Nitrogen fertilization positively influences the whole grain yield, especially IAC 25 and BRS Colosso. BRS Aroma, IAC 202, IAC 500, BEST 2000, Curinga and Baldo have a high percentage of broken grains. The cultivars Baldo and Carnaroli (appropriate for Italian cuisine), IAC 25 and Caiapo are classified as long grain and the others, as long-thin. The cultivars, except CIRAD 141, displayed grain gelatinization temperature between intermediate and low, providing quick cooking. The grain content protein varies among cultivars, and it can be increased with nitrogen fertilization.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O conhecimento da variação espacial de atributos do solo pode contribuir para o planejamento e a otimização na condução de experimentos e de lavouras comerciais, objetivando a agricultura de precisão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a necessidade de fertilizante e calcário para implantação da agricultura de precisão, com base no comportamento espacial de atributos químicos de um Latossolo após o corte da cana-planta. Os dados foram avaliados pela estatística descritiva e análise da dependência espacial, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas. As técnicas de geoestatísticas apresentam-se como ferramentas auxiliares na aplicação de fertilizantes por meio de taxa variada, detectando, para a área em estudo, que não se recomenda a aplicação de fósforo e calagem por taxa variada.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em casa de vegetação, os efeitos de doses de esterco bovino e de calcário na formação de mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambèss.). Foram avaliadas quatro doses de cada fator, combinadas em esquema fatorial 4x4. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições, e cada parcela continha cinco mudas. O substrato foi formado pela mistura, em volume, de oito partes de subsolo e duas partes de areia, e doses de esterco correspondentes a 0, 2, 4 e 6 partes que, em massa, equivalem a 0, 101, 175 e 229 kg m-3. As doses de calcário foram calculadas para elevar a saturação por bases (V%) a 20, 35, 50 e 65%. Aos 120 dias, foram avaliados: altura, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, área foliar e matéria seca das partes aérea e radicular das mudas. em substrato constituído de subsolo+areia, a calagem e a adubação com esterco bovino não são necessárias para produção de mudas de guanandi.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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A adubação com micronutrientes, como o manganês em gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, contribui para o atendimento das exigências nutricionais tanto das plantas quanto dos animais. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar os efeitos da aplicação de manganês no crescimento, na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha, em condições de casa de vegetação. Para isto, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação da FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, com Brachiaria brizantha (cv. MG4), em vasos com 3,5 dm³ preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Mn = 0,6 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, que corresponderam às doses de manganês (0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm-3), e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se, nos dois cortes da forrageira (primeiro corte, 35 dias após o transplantio e, segundo, 30 dias após o primeiro), as variáveis de crescimento, produção de massa de forragem, teor e acúmulo de Mn na parte aérea. As doses de manganês aplicadas aumentaram a concentração deste micronutriente no solo e nas plantas e a produção de massa de forragem no primeiro corte. A Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 apresenta alta tolerância ao manganês, atingindo elevados teores de Mn na parte aérea, mesmo sem provocar sintomas visuais de toxicidade.
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The effect of the application of three doses N, P and K on substrates on the nutritional status of root stock of 'Citrumelo' lemon (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) was evaluated. The experiment followed a fully randomized factorial design (3x3) (three nutrients x three doses plus a control) with three replicates. The treatments consisted of D1 = half standard dose, D2 = one standard dose and D3 = twice standard dose, in addition to the control that did not received fertilization at all. At four months after the emergence of the root stock of lemon 'Citrumelo' the plants tissue (leaves) were determined for nutrients analysis to obtain its accumulation. The results showed that plants of lemon 'Citrumelo' 'Swingle' are responsive to the application of N, P and K. The application of nitrogen showed a linear accumulation pattern of N and K, while the applications of phosphorus and potassium provided a quadratic response.
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Considering the reduced number of works with fertilization of Eugenia uvalha in national literature and being overcome as base the results of the research with fertilization of other fruitful ones, the present work had as objective to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization and phosphorus, in the culture of the Eugenia uvalha. The work was lead in the Department of Agriculture of the Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - MG, in the first semester of 2005. The experiment was adopted the experimental delineation of randomized blocks in factorial project 4 X 4, with four repetitions and 5 plants for parcel, having been 4 doses of phosphorus: 0 kg m(-3); 2,5 kg m(-3); 5,0 kg m(-3); 10,0 kg m(-3); using itself as seasoning source the triple superphosphate. Already for nitrogen, the applications proceeded from 10 in 10 days had been used 4 doses in covering being, had been carried through 4 applications. The applications consisted of a solution with urea, in the doses: 0; 0,8; 1,6 e 3,2 Kg m(-3), in each application had been added to the polyethylene bags, 20 mL of solution contend the N. had been evaluated the following characteristics: height of the dumb one (cm); root length (cm); leaf number; dry substance of the root and the aerial part (g). For the production of changes of Eugenia uvalha of quality, incorporation to the substratum of up to 1,30 kg m(-3) of P(2)O(5) sends regards to it.
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The efficient fertilizer use contend micronutrient depends, also, of the interactions that occur with some nutrients. The objective was to study the interaction of zinc with the excessively nutrient ones in function of the application of different doses and sources of Zn saw seed in the culture of the rice. The experiment was carried through in conditions of vegetation house, in the FCAV/Unesp. The used experimental delineation was entirely cazualized, with three repetitions. The treatments had been five doses: 0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 and 8,0 g of Zn for kg of seed; e two zinc sources; sulphate of zinc (22% of Zn) and zinc oxide (50% of Zn). The experimental unit was a translucent polyethylene tray, filled with 5 washed thick sand, where 50 seeds of rice had been sown (to var. Caiapo). To the 30 days after the sowing, effected the cut of the plants, separating them in aerial part and roots. From the results of the dry substance and text of nutrients of the aerial part and root of the rice, the accumulation of the nutrients in the respective agencies of the plants was calculated. Becoming fullfilled it variance analysis and the when necessary unfoldings. It had effect of the interactions in distinguishing way between root and aerial part of rice, with regard to the doses and sources.
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The objective was to study the effects of phosphorous (P) fertilization on nutritional and developmental aspects of growing mango plants. The mango plants were evaluated by soil chemical analyses, leaf chemical analyses, biological examination of plant growth, and the starting point of fruit production. Having this in view, an experiment was set up on 2 January 2003, at Flora, a farm in Uberlandia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil was a clayish Oxisol. The doses at planting were: D0 = zero, D1 = 40, D2 = 100, D3 = 200, and D4 = 300 g of P2O5 plant-1. These doses at the beginning of the second year were multiplied by 1.5 and at the beginning of the third year by 2.0 and applied to the plants. The fertilizer used in this experiment was triple superphosphate (44% of P2O5.). During August of 2004, 2005, and 2006, soil samples were taken at a depth of 20 cm in between the plant rows. Leaf samples were taken during August of 2004 and 2005 to determine macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. Plant stem diameter was measured during January of 2004 and 2005. Plant height and crown radius were measured during January of 2005 and fruit production in 2005 and 2006. Fertilizer applications increased the level of P in the soil but significantly influenced plant performance only after the second year. The effects of phosphorus on mango plants take place slowly leading to increments in plant stem diameter only at the third year. Fruit set was not influenced by phosphorous fertilization.
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Parent, L. E., Natale, W. and Ziadi, N. 2009. Compositional nutrient diagnosis of corn using the Mahalanobis distance as nutrient imbalance index. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 383-390. Compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) provides a plant nutrient imbalance index (CND - r(2)) with assumed chi(2) distribution. The Mahalanobis distance D(2), which detects outliers in compositional data sets, also has a chi(2) distribution. The objective of this paper was to compare D(2) and CND - r(2) nutrient imbalance indexes in corn (Zea mays L.). We measured grain yield as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the ear leaf at silk stage for 210 calibration sites in the St. Lawrence Lowlands [2300-2700 corn thermal units (CTU)] as well as 30 phosphorus (2300-2700 CTU; 10 sites) and 10 nitrogen (1900-2100 CTU; one site) replicated fertilizer treatments for validation. We derived CND norms as mean, standard deviation, and the inverse covariance matrix of centred log ratios (clr) for high yielding specimens (>= 9.0 Mg grain ha(-1) at 150 g H(2)O kg(-1) moisture content) in the 2300-2700 CTU zone. Using chi(2) = 17 (P < 0.05) with nine degrees of freedom (i.e., nine nutrients) as a rejection criterion for outliers and a yield threshold of 8.6 Mg ha(-1) after Cate-Nelson partitioning between low- and high-yielders in the P validation data set, D(2) misclassified two specimens compared with nine for CND -r(2). The D(2) classification was not significantly different from a chi(2) classification (P > 0.05), but the CND - r(2) classification differed significantly from chi(2) or D(2) (P < 0.001). A threshold value for nutrient imbalance could thus be derived probabilistically for conducting D(2) diagnosis, while the CND - r(2) nutrient imbalance threshold must be calibrated using fertilizer trials. In the proposed CND - D(2) procedure, D(2) is first computed to classify the specimen as possible outlier. Thereafter, nutrient indices are ranked in their order of limitation. The D(2) norms appeared less effective in the 1900-2100 CTU zone.
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Phosphorus is a nutrient that most limits plant growth because of its importance in nutrition and low concentration in tropical soils. The present study aimed to evaluate the response of guava to application of phosphorus. For this, the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, with guava plants (cv. Paluma) from herbaceous plants cultivated in plastic bags (2.8 dm(-3)), filled with Alfissol (P = 2 mg dm(-3)), between November 2007 and April 2008. The treatments consisted of five doses of phosphorus (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm(-3)) in the form of triple superphosphate (44% P(2)O(5)), arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. After 100 days of transplantation evaluated the phosphorus content in soil, dry weight of shoot and root phosphorus and zinc in the shoot. The highest production of dry weight guava was a dose of 257 g dm(-3) of phosphorus and was associated with P content in soil and leaf 110 mg dm(-3) and 2,3 g kg(-1).