Visão futuro: comunidade autogestionável

Along of the Brazilian territory is to encourage a lot of self-management communities, seeking a new way of social organization through of cultural practices and economic antagonistic logic of the capitalist system. These communities create a lifestyle which we are not used in the context of modern life, they are focused to a greater preservation of nature, to an economy based on spiritualization and cultural exchange. The peculiarity of these communities is to offer the same structure as a modern city, electricity, clothing, basic sanitation, food among others, which the state already offers, but with alternative ways.For a more specific study was selected community-Porangaba Future Vision, São Paulo. Through this case of study, it is thought to enable a better understanding of how it is possible within a country emerge a community that creates its own structure encompassed by cultural practices and economic characteristics and finally understanding what are the effects on the geographic area

Uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland System - CWS) para tratamento de efluentes

A large proportion of fresh water is greatly impaired due to increasing pollution; this could be minimized through the expansion of investment in sanitation programs. But the major problem faced by third world countries and developing ones in this respect, is the high cost of projects and their implementation. In an attempt to find a simple technology, efficient and inexpensive, this study aimed to verify the effectiveness of using constructed wetland systems (CWS) for removal of bacteria and nutrients from sanitary sewer effluent from the STS Piracicamirim - Piracicaba - SP. The installation of prototypes was followed, and testing prior to regularize the flow held, but due to malfunction of these and outages of the STS activity can not evaluate the effectiveness of both as to the parameters proposed: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfide, sulfate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform and Escherichia coli. To establish results about the effectiveness of these types if the system were conducted literature reviews of papers published with the same theme. Analysis of these results showed fairly good efficiencies in wastewater treatment, especially for nutrients and coliforms

Uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland System - CWS) tipo ascendente/descendente, para tratamento de efluentes avícolas

Human development and population growth during the twentieth century increased the water demand, tripling its consumption between 1950 and 1990. As the water streams were polluted; and as water is the source of minerals and also regulates vital functions, it becomes the vehicle of transmission and consequently spreads many diseases. Probably, the industries are the major responsible for this pollution when they dump untreated effluents to water streams, saturating the already insufficient net of sanitation facilities polluting water and soil. An effective treatment has been established with low cost in Europe and the United States, through constructed systems on wetlands Constructed Wetland Systems - CWSs, gradually used in other countries in the last three decades. Lately, we observe a continuous growth in Brazilian poultry business, and poultry industry showed greatest dynamism in the country, following the global market. Pondering this information and the efficiency of such treatment, this work aimed to study prototypes, in a laboratory scale, simulating ascending and descending types of CWSs, vegetated with aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes and the uses of aggregates and soil, to treat industrial wastewater from slaughterhouses and aviary. We conducted the initial characterization of the effluent to have an idea of its constituents and to scale the system and the continuous flow. Furthermore, we characterized the soil to be used in this system. The collects are periodically made in the refrigeration industry FRICOCK FRIGORIFICAÇÃO AVICULTURA INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA. for local treatment simulation. The effluent that was treated with 12 prototypes of CWSs are analyzed with some frequency. The results of these reviews were compared to the effluent coming from the industry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Requalificação urbana em Luanda

O plano inicial é de desenvolver um projeto em uma área com 602.087,50 km2, em um dos bairros da periferia da cidade de Luanda capital de Angola. A idéia principal é de melhorar as condições de moradias, saneamento básico, acesso ao próprio bairro, acesso ao transporte, infra-estrutura urbana e outros. Chamaria este projeto como célula modelo em que futuramente poder-se-ia espelhar ou até mesmo reproduzir para outras áreas adjacentes. Será um projeto de parceria, entre governo, e entidades privadas ou até mesmo financiamento através dos bancos, e o principal objetivo é chegar a um projeto que funcione e que se possa aplicar futuramente. Com base no aprendizado sobre os planos diretores e instrumentos de gestão urbana, adquiridos durante o curso, se vai fazer um projeto adaptado ao sistema ou mesmo à legislação de Angola

Produtores de Água na Microbacia do Manancial Córrego do Veado – Presidente Venceslau, São Paulo: potencialidades em questão

The programs Water Producer and Water Mine are the starting point for the research, whose the main objective is to develop a study on the necessity and possibility to forming water producers in the Veado Creek Watershed Deer, located in Presidente Venceslau - Sao Paulo, in order to improve the quality and quantity of water from the spring. To this end, the implementation of programs in the spring, especially the Water Mine, developed by the State of Sao Paulo, could help change the situation in which degradation is the area of the watershed. The main methodological procedures were performed: survey and literature review, interviews with employees SEAAMA, CATI, interview with the president of the Association of Owners of Rural Watershed of Deer Creek; interview with landowners of the Fountain Creek Watershed Deer; work in the search field at the landfill to the DAE and the Association of Collectors of Recycled. We are dealing with issues such as the importance of the Code of forests with regard to the protection of water resources, decentralized management and participatory of water resources, Payment by Environmental Services, production of water, characterization and diagnosis of the environmental Microbacia of Wealth Córrego do Veado, sanitation of the municipality of Presidente Venceslau. Analyzed the current situation of the watershed of the spring, highlighting the main actions that have been performed by the municipality through the watershed program of the State of São Paulo City Hall and through the resources FEHIDRO. The obtained results allowed to demonstrate the need and the possibility of setting up the Project Mine Of Water in the watershed of the fountain and the interest of owners interviewed by adherence to the Project and the protection of the source

Análise ambiental da problemática relacionada à falta de água no município de Itu, SP

The water resources scarceness in world become more evident and worried everyday, because the occurrence of water waste, without consider context of potable water deficit, period of long dryness, resource distribution and population density, urban concentration, industrial and rural areas, pollution process, contamination, beyond aspect related to sanitation and public health affect an entire population. At Itu city, this problem is already real, the population face the lack of water risk in dryness period, damaging their life quality and the city economic development, because Itu is a touristic city that has a mixed economy with activities in business dealing, agriculture and industrial department, all conect to water consumption.

Avaliação ambiental em empresas do distrito industrial Antônio Crepaldi, Presidente Prudente/SP

The sustainable development is the center of many discussions about the environment, economy and society. Environmental issues bring out problems with the fauna and flora, water resources, land use, population growth, residues, basic sanitation, and others. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to develop an environmental diagnostics and propose measures to mitigate the most significant environmental impacts generated by four enterprises in Antonio Crepaldi Industrial District, located at the city of Presidente Prudente/SP. In the study, it was used the methodology proposed by Moreira (2006), and it was done the following activities: monitoring and analyses of the production process, identification of potential environmental aspects and impacts; assessment of the impacts according to its nature, relevance and significance; proposition of measures to mitigate the critical impacts. As a final result, it was obtained an environmental diagnosis about the situation of each of the four companies studied, and it was possible to know the level of criticality of the impacts in each one, and proposing mitigation measures to control or minimizing them, bringing many benefits to the organization

Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde do pronto socorro de um hospital escola na cidade de Botucatu

Health Care Waste (HCW) represents 1%, and it has presently gained a lot of importance. Adequate management is one of the great challenges to be faced by health care centers. It has gained distinction and been widely discussed by members of the sectors involved with sanitation, public health and environmental issues due to waste physical, chemical biological characteristics, which pose potential risk to the environment and public health. The present study aims at evaluating HCW internal management by following all its phases, determining indicators, classifying and quantifying, establishing production rates (kg /patient/day) for the sector and designing materials to disseminate appropriate HCW disposal in the Emergency Room of the UNESP University Hospital in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. : From June to October 2011, the waste flow was observed from its production to final disposal. Four weight measurements were performed on four consecutive days in the month of August by using a properly calibrated (in grams) digital scale at the times scheduled for collection of the produced waste. Hence, the daily and monthly amounts were estimated according to their classification. All the waste packaged in the bags in garbage cans in the Emergency Room for a 24-hour period was considered to be a sample. Separation was not adequately performed in that sector, and waste from Group A was mixed with that from Group D. The amount of infectious waste produced in the sector corresponded to 87.80 %, common waste to 10.93 % and recyclable waste to 1.27%. The mean daily HCW production was of 123.300 kg/day, and the total monthly production was of 3,822 kg/month, which was distributed as follows: Group A 3,355,750 kg/month; Group D 417,570 kg/month and recyclables 48,670 kg/month. The production rate corresponded to 0.47 kg/patient/day, thus showing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Construindo desenvolvimento sustentável: contextualização dos mecanismos da gestão empresarial de recursos hídricos superficiais no estado de São Paulo

A escassez de água para a manutenção dos processos naturais ou para abastecimento humano e em empreendimentos seja em quantidade ou qualidade, corrobora a necessidade e a urgência de comprometimento efetivo de responsabilidade do ser humano com os recursos hídricos e com o ambiente. Falar em Gestão Ambiental (GA), entretanto, especialmente no Brasil, tornou-se lugar comum no discurso de diversos segmentos da sociedade, e em muitos casos desprovido de sentido efetivo. No meio empresarial, ações e discurso ambiental veiculados são reflexo da atuação de diferentes perfis de profissionais, com diferentes tipos de treinamento, e regidos por interesses que nem sempre remontam preocupação com o meio. A regulamentação sobre como devem ser exercida a atuação na área de ambiental, entretanto, bem como monitoramento institucional desta atuação, ainda se encontram em estágio de construção. Mas, a crescente pressão da demanda socioeconômica na iniciativa privada responde por crescente consumo de água e produção de águas residuárias. Para que o desenvolvimento atingido seja sustentável nestes empreendimentos é, portanto, urgente que haja disseminação de informação a gestores ambientais e a comunidade, disponibilizando ferramentas para um gerenciamento mais adequado – com entendimento da situação, de alternativas para amenizar impactos gerados, de como o empreendimento se insere neste cenário e com acompanhamento do desenvolvimento institucional. Assim, este trabalho tem como proposta a produção de material de referência na contextualização da situação dos mecanismos da gestão de recursos hídricos superficiais no estado de São Paulo para empreendimentos, dentro do foco do saneamento básico. Isso foi realizado através de revisão bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos, teses acadêmicas, levantamento...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Estudo sobre a condição de coleta e tratamento de esgoto sanitário do município de Ubatuba-SP

The actual work broaches a study about the collection and treatment of sanitary sewage from the municipality of Ubatuba in its operational aspects and the tariff policy from the service. Themes related to the subject like the history of collection and treatment of sewage, its development in Brazil and its importance for public health and environmental preservation, as well as historical and geographical aspects of Ubatuba/SP, are present in the literature review. The methodology consists in guided visit in the colletion and treatment of sewage facilities and interview with technical managers. With the technical data obtained, it is made a discussion of the results and possible recommendations

Comparação de eficiências do uso de sistemas construídos de áreas alagadas (Constructed Wetland Systems - CWS), tipos ascendente e descendente, para tratamento de efluentes

Water is an essential element for life. The use of this element, to support the community, defines it as water resource. This feature is being misused and degraded by the dumping of highly contaminated effluents. The impoverishment of its quality poses a risk to human consumption. The necessity to manage this resource, treating the wastewater properly, requires the constant improvement of treatment systems. Another need is to adjust the cost of systems to the demands of communities with less financial clout. This study aimed to adapt and understand the systems of wetlands, improving its efficiency, in an attempt to collaborate with the enrichment of this technology. The practical evidence, with lab-scale prototypes, assembled in ETE Piracicamirim with urban sewage effluent contributed to highlight the problems and operating system design. The bibliographic review showed that several studies had effectiveness for treatment. But it was evident the need for better understanding of dimensioning definitions that better attempted to the answers into the project. Moreover, standardization of system conditions for the specific wastewater treatment is an interesting field, identified, for future studies yet contribute to environmental engineering and sanitation

Radioatividade e hidroquímica em águas subterrâneas do município de Botucatu (SP)

The main objective of this study is to determine the activity of Po-210, Pb-210 and gross alpha/beta radioactivity in groundwater collected in Botucatu, municipality of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Samples were collected in wells to perform the radiochemical analysis. Most wells are registered in DAEE, Sabesp or CPRM. The activity of polonium was obtained by the method of alpha spectrometry, held in LABIDRO at UNESP, Rio Claro. All samples showed radioactivity values below the maximum allowed by WHO, that are: gross alpha radioactivity = 0,5 Bq/L, gross beta radioactivity = 1,0 Bq/L, Po210 = 0,2 Bq/L and Pb210 = 0,1 Bq/L. The results of hydrochemical analysis were compared with the 1469 Ordinance of the Health Ministry, and all values are bellow the maximum allowed. The data also allowed obtain the samples classification using the Piper diagram. The samples AAB, Quinta do Manacás, Faz. Quatro Irmãs, Sesi, Sitio São José and ITE are classified as calcic bicarbonate; the samples Staroup and Caio are potassic; the samples Banespa and BTC are bicarbonate and mixed interms of dissolved cations; Sitio das Palmeiras sample is sodium bicarbonate; the sample Faz. São Paulo is chlorinated calcic; the sample Sítio Btu-Pardinho chlorinated and mixed interms of dissolved cations

Estudo sobre depósitos tecnogênicos no entorno da represa da Sabesp em Presidente Prudente-SP

The human being has a dependency with the natural environment, since it is from withdrawing resources from it is essential for their survival. But this relationship appears to be unbalanced from the moment that society emerges and changes the substrate in which land is located. In this context the study about the formation of technogenic deposits, has assisted in the preparation of environmental diagnoses in an area very changed by society. Technogenic deposits are sedimentary deposits originated by human activities in the environment, with special emphasis in this work in the fluvial plains. Their classification depends on both the manufactured materials found in its layers, and the processes that led to its formation. Thus, the main objective was to understand the formation history of technogenic deposits in the fluvial plains of the Santo Anastacio river and streams of Cedro and Cedrinho surrounding the dam of SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of São Paulo) in Presidente Prudente-SP. The experimental proceedings are based mainly on realization of fieldwork to characterization study area, collection of technogenic materials in PVC´s (polyvinyl chloride) tube, and analysis of laboratory through of particle size analysis (EMBRAPA, 1997) of the technogenics layers... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo de caso da qualidade de águas superficiais nos bairros Colônia do Piaguí e Santa Luzia no município de Guaratinguetá

The work is to study about the quality of surface waters of the Piaguí and neighborhoods Colonia Santa Luzia. Six samples of which the physical, chemical and biological parameters were analyzed were collected. The tests were conducted in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th edition and compared with the resolution of CONAMA No. 357 (2005). Critical parameters are found in fecal coliform and water coloring, which may indicate an anthropogenic interference in the sampling points (domestic sewage), or the effect of rainfall during the collection period influence the results

Estudo da gestão de aterros sanitários através de consórcios públicos e públicos-privados

The growing population, purchasing power and changing the profile of Brazilian consumers are the facts to justify the increase in waste production in the country. According to the National Research Sanitation made by IBGE in 2000, Brazil produced 241,614 tons of waste per day, equivalent to approximately 90 million tons per year. This growth leads researchers to consider a better way to dump this material in order to mitigate the damage to population health and the environment. For this, one of the possible actions is the search for alternative disposal technological development, a possible solution being the construction of landfills. But many cities, especially those from regions of poor or agricultural base, do not always have sufficient resources and open spaces for the construction of a landfill as required by law. Fits like a context in which it operates as an alternative technology for inter-municipal consortia landfill and public-private partnerships in order to contribute to the sustainable development of cities. The law that regulates public consortia is the Federal Law 11.107 of April 2005, as the law that regulates and makes possible the Public-Private Partnership is the Federal Law 11.079 of 2004. Consortia are entities that bring together several municipalities, with or without the State and the Union to carry out joint actions that if were borne singly, not would achieve the same results or would lose a greater volume of resources, and would demand more time. The public-private partnership consist of one or more municipalities and a private company, selected by public tender, which becomes responsible for implementation, maintenance and operation of the landfill. This practice can performed on the model of concession, in which public administration is direct or indirect user, with or without installation and ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)