Efeitos da idade e dos indicadores de obesidade na pressão arterial de trabalhadores

Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e verificar os efeitos que a idade e indicadores de obesidade provocam na pressão arterial (PA) de trabalhadores de uma indústria de balas e gomas. Para tanto a PA sistólica (PAS), PA diastólica (PAD), as medidas de massa corporal (MC), estatura e circunferência de cintura (CC) foram obtidas de 348 trabalhadores voluntários (243 homens e 105 mulheres). A prevalência de HA na amostra foi 8,9% (31 casos) e mais comum nos homens do que nas mulheres (7,2% vs 1,7%). Entre os hipertensos a idade (PAS r=0,43) e a MC (PAD r=0,39) demonstraram correlação (r) positiva e significativa, apesar de baixa. Por sua vez entre os normotensos (317) e o grupo total (348), a idade e todos os indicadores de obesidade (MC, IMC, CC) apresentaram correlação baixa, porém significativa e positiva com os valores de PAS, PAD e PA média (PAM) (r=0,23 a r=0,47). Adicionalmente a análise estatística revelou que homens e mulheres com HA são mais velhos e obesos do que seus pares normotensos. Exceto para a idade e o sexo, que são fatores de risco não modificáveis, os indicadores de obesidade possuem forte associação com hábitos e comportamentos de risco e, portanto, passíveis de prevenção.

Gestão do lazer: os grupos de pesquisa em foco

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the research groups that focus on leisure management in Brazil. A documentary research was developed in the databases of the Directory of Research Groups CNPq - Plataforma Lattes. The results evidenced 12 groups in different Brazilian regions, predominantly in South region and in Tourism field. The same region also concentrates the largest production of complete articles; however, the field of Production Engineering leads the number of specific researches on leisure management. It is suggested further initiatives in order to implement and efficiently cataloging and disseminating academic information about leisure management.

Contexto esportivo e as restrições comportamentais: reflexões a luz da psicologia bioecológica

To deal with restrictions takes in them to a boarding that has been studied as perspective theoretician to understand as the practitioners acquire standards of coordination in the chosen sports (ARAUJO, 2005). It is basic for the training that if has a knowledge concerning the restrictions more significant than they act on the human performance of the athletes, because this will make possible one adequate recital in the work proposal of the team staff. The question of the theory application, in the world of the sport, is a tool has very desired and pursued, however, nor always if they apply the theoretical knowledge in experimental research that promotes enough and important alterations, that can favor the real additions to Sport Sciences. This study it is an attempt to collaborate in this intention, in way to locate and to modify beginning usual routines between experts and of the sports, in special to the considered situation sports, as the Volleyball (IVOILOV, 2001). This objective is not fixed only in the relative questions to the teach-learning processes, nor so little to the sportive training, but it advances, also, for the instructions given for the coaches to commanded its, at moments any of the sportive trajectory of these; it innovates when searching to exemplify, directly, in a modality of international domain but with few systematic analyses on the human performances in question.

O uso da vibração como método auxiliar no treinamento de capacidades físicas: uma revisão da literatura

The effects of vibration on the human body have been documented for many years. Recently, the use of vibration is an auxiliary method of physical training in the young, elderly and athletes. Recent studies indicate an increase in gain of strength, flexibility, endurance and power of individuals trained with vibrating equipments. Despite the fairly widespread use, the physiological effects of vibration are still poorly understood, and there is great variability in the training protocols used in the literature. Future studies should be conducted as a way to better understand the physiological effects of vibration and also the affects of different protocols on physical training as strength, flexibility, endurance and power.

Desempenho motor no esporte: das restrições do iniciante ao experiente

A set of constraints on the performance of motor skills is a determinant factor of success in many sport modalities that require from the athlete continuous adaptation to changes in the game context. Taking into account Newell's model of organism (or performer), task and environmental constraints in the acquisition of motor skills (NEWELL, 1986), the focus of this study is the set of changes that take place in motor behavior from the beginner to the high level athlete. In specific, the focus is toward changes in sports settings in which the ball is the center of the game, responsible for the relationship among athletes of the same team as well as between opponents, as in volleyball. The ball, in its trajectory, carries on a set of constraints to the player's behavior. To be able of imposing constraints on the opponent's behavior is so important as to know how to deal with a ball sent to you by the opponent in an unpredictable trajectory.

Atividade física e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em pacientes com demência de Alzheimer

Is common the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD), this is resulted of anatomical and biochemical changes in the brain. The objective of present study was to look for papers relating physical activity and neuropsychiatric symptoms through a systematic review. The following data bases was accessed: Academic Search Premier, Biological Abstracts, Medline, PsycINFO, Pubmed, Scielo, Science direct on line, Sport Discus and Web of Science, using the following key-words: (Neuropsychiatric disturbances OR Neuropsychiatric symptoms OR Neuropsychological disturbances OR Aberrant behavior OR Aberrant behaviour OR Behavior disturbances OR Behaviour disturbances OR Behavior management OR Behaviour management OR Disruptive behavior OR Disruptive behaviour) and (Alzheimer) and (Exercise OR Motor intervention OR training OR Physical activity OR fitness), besides crossing the references in the selected articles. Eight studies had filled the inclusion criteria. It was possible to conclude there are evidences of positive results for agitation and sleep disturbances in patients with AD. However, there's no consensus of what kind of activity is better for these patients.

Os sistemas de jogo e as regras do futebol: considerações sobre suas modificações

Since the sport of football field as the main focus and it is directly related to sports phenomenon up to understood of changes occurring in the rules and game systems over the years. The main aim was analyzed the historical changes in the soccer with relation to the game systems and rules, and their consequences. The research is qualitative type and uses the bibliographic collection as instrument. For this, it was searched in the published literature data about the present study subject. The results indicated for a soccer tactics and rules set that it was constructed with the evolution and consolidation of the soccer. It was concluded that the game system had suffered many alterations during the historical process of soccer development, but this process leaved poured the spectacle of the game. In the other way, the rules had suffered great alterations with regard to the soccer primaries, but after its consolidation as universal sport, they had remained almost the same, having assisted in the maintenance of the soccer characteristics and status.

Stages of behavior change and perceived barriers to physical activity in the elderly living in a medium size city in Brazil

The aim was to analyze the prevalence of the stages of behavior change (BCS) and the perceived barriers to physical activity in older people residents in a medium size city of São Paulo state, Brazil. Seventy-nine older people participated of the study. The BCS was assessed by the Questionnaire of Behavior Chance Stages and those on perception of barriers by the Questionnaire on Barriers to the Practice of Physical Activity in Older People (QBPPAE). Statistical analyses was comprised by the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Data showed that: a) 64,6% of the older people do not practice physical activity and only 22,8% of them have been practicing it on a regular basis for more than 6 months; b) The most perceived barriers were: "Active enough", "Too old"; "Need to rest" and; "Disease or injury"; c) The BCS seems modulate significantly the perception of barriers (p<0.05). We can conclude that: a) most of the older people are in the pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation stages of the BCS, yet; b) gender influences almost nothing with perception of barriers and; c) the BCS interferes with the type of perceived barriers. Such conclusions support the suggestions that it is necessary to develop specific strategies for different stages of behavior change if it is to minimize the barriers. This may help to find the most effective way to change to more active lifestyle in the elderly.

Crianças com dificuldades motoras apresentam baixos níveis de aptidão física?

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar se crianças com dificuldades motoras apresentariam baixos níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em relação aos seus pares sem dificuldades. Dezesseis crianças com dificuldades motoras com aproximadamente oito anos foram pareadas em gênero e idade com outras 16 sem dificuldades motoras. Os participantes completaram os testes de aptidão física (sentar e alcançar, salto em distância parado, puxada em suspensão na barra modificado, abdominal e corrida de 9 minutos) e os de coordenação motora (MABC-2). Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas no salto em distância parado, puxada em suspensão na barra modificado, abdominal, mas não para sentar e alcançar e corrida de 9-m. Os resultados são semelhantes aos publicados na literatura internacional, com exceção da corrida de 9 minutos. A ideia de que em algum grau a coordenação é necessária para executar tarefas de aptidão física e pode impactar no desempenho da aptidão física é discutida no presente trabalho.

Lutas e escolas de ofício: analisando o judô brasileiro

This lecture, presented in IV SEPEF, has origin in studies developed about diferent points of view, approaching the martial arts, combat sports or fights. The grand question of analysis was the judo, where many elements presented, as leads corporations of brazilian desportes documents, Olympic athletes performance and speechs produced by fights agents allowd a reflection about the relationship between the artesanal formation of black-belt and the academic formation in Physical Education, in the ambit of this modality.

Músculo esquelético, insuficiência cardíaca crônica e o papel do exercício

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) show metabolic, hemodynamic and skeletal muscle alterations, which decrease the life expectancy. These alterations are attributed to several factors. The focus of this review was to approach the questions related to physiological, metabolic, morphological and molecular alterations which affect the muscular system of these patients. Later, it was discussed the benefits of physical exercise to this syndrome as well as the pharmacological interventions, which are in investigation aiming the treatment of the same. Some muscle alterations are already described on the literature. For example, the more predominance of type II fibers, lower oxidative enzymatic activity, muscle atrophy and elevated concentration of cytokines that affect the muscle integrity. Thus, further studies involving cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle in order to create strategies for prevention and treatment for patients with CHF are required

Estratégias de ensino para alunos deficientes visuais: A Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo

Strategies and resources are primary to the participation of students with visual impairments in physical education classes. The objective of this study was to plan teaching strategies and resource adaptations focusing on educational inclusion of students with visual impairment based on the activities held in the Curriculum Proposal for São Paulo State. Three steps were outlined from the analysis of the Proposal: 1) identify the subjects for each bimester, 2) analyze the teacher's book in terms of learning situations and their development, and 3) plan educational strategies and resource adaptations. Ten teaching strategies were planned, four new resources were indicated and two teaching resources were adapted for the classes. The activities of the Curriculum Proposal allow strategy planning aimed at the participation of students with visual disabilities together with students without disabilities.

Predição da potência aeróbia (VO 2máx) de crianças e adolescentes em teste incremental na esteira rolante

The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the maximal quantity of energy that can be produced by the aerobic metabolism in certain time unity. It can be determined direct or indirectly by predictive equations. The objective of this study was to make a specific predictive equation to determine the VO 2max from boys aged 10-16 years-old. Forty-two boys underwent a treadmill running ergospirometric test, with the initial velocity set at 9 km/h, until voluntary exhaustion. By the multiple linear regression was possible to develop the following equation for the indirect determination of the VO 2max: VO2max (ml/min) = -1574.06 + (141.38 x Vpeak) + (48.34 * Body mass), with standard error of estimate = 191.5 ml/min (4.10 ml/kg/min) and coefficient of determination = 0.934. We suggest that this formula is appropriate to predict VO2max for this population.

Variabilidade de parâmetros eletromiográficos e cinemáticos em diferentes condições de marcha em idosos

The main goal of this study was to investigate the influence of fear of fall and dual task on electromyographic and kinematic variability parameters on the gait of older females. Seventeen college students (21,47 ± 2,06 years old) and eighteen older female adults, both groups were physically fit and performed the gait test on three different conditions: walking at self-select speed, fear of fall and dual task. Electromyographic activity was measured on muscles of dominant leg and stride time was recorded. ANOVA two-way (p<0.05) was used. Electromyographic and kinematic gait variability were higher in older adult groups. However, for the comparison between gait conditions was only found significant difference for electromyographic variability. In line with this, the higher EMG and kinematic variability in older adults suggest that aging contributes for a higher motor challenge while walking, which may be predispose these individuals a higher risk of fall.

Influência da aptidão aeróbia no running anaerobic sprint test (RAST)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of different levels of aerobic fitness (VO2MAX) on the parameters of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Thirty-eight subjects (Age = 18.1 ± 2.5 years, Height = 173 ± 1 cm and Body mass = 65.1 ± 6.5 kg) were classified into two groups, low and high aerobic fitness (LAF: n = 22 and HAF: n = 16). The VO2MAX was determined by an incremental exercise performed until exhaustion. The RAST was composed of six maximal efforts of 35m separated by 10s passive recovery. The VO2MAX was significantly different between groups (LAF = 51.7 ± 1.9 mL.kg -1.min-1; HAF = 58.6 ± 3.1 mL.kg -1.min-1). The mean power (MP) was significantly higher in the LAF (552.7 ± 132.1 W) in relation to the HAF group (463.6 ± 132.8 W). The impulse (ImP) was significantly correlated with the VO 2MAX in HAF. It can be concluded that there is an indication that the aerobic metabolism exerts an influence on the completion of RAST.