Campesinato e agrohidronegócio canavieiro no Pontal do Paranapanema: os desafios para a transição agroecológica

This paper appears in order to promote a discussion on the use and ways of working with the land. For this, we present a scenario of conflict initiated in Pontal do Parananema, São Paulo, Brazil, between the peasantry and the agrohidronegócio. The Pontal is a territory marked by agrarian and land conflicts, originated by the illegal occupation of land by the squatters, the decimation / expropriation of indigenous, and deforestation and environmental devastation. This conflict is represented today by the sugarcane agro-industrial capital companies on one side, and the other peasants. The expansion occurs agrohidronegócio strongly from 2005, due mainly to the change in the energy matrix of the country and state incentives with strong momentum in the production of flex-fuel vehicles. Rural agrarian reform settlements, made possible by the state under pressure from social movements, are spatialized in 16 municipalities with a total of 112 settlements, occupying an area of 139. 682 hectares, seating 5. 892 families. These families have seen their possibilities of social reproduction increasingly suppressed by the advance of sugarcane agrohidronegócio in the region, which suffocates the living spaces and work of these peasants. Front of it, agroecology is an alternative for these workers to ensure their reproductive possibilities. Agroecology also arises as a means of confronting agribusiness model, adding elements to the environment, such as the eradication of the use of pesticides and considering the dynamics of nature to promote agriculture, and social order, contributing food sovereignty and the production of healthy food and diversity to the population...

O impacto dos agrotóxicos ao meio ambiente e os reflexos jurídicos à saúde dos trabalhadores rurais

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Gait analysis in giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla) with the use of a pressure-sensitive walkway

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigação dos efeitos tóxicos, citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do inseticida Curbix® 200SC (ethiprole) em organismos não alvos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Participação de gambás e cães domiciliados como reservatórios de Leishmania infantum e Trypanosoma cruzi georreferenciados nos municípios da Regional de Saúde de Três Lagoas - MS

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Avaliação da erosão hídrica por meio da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Modificada (MEUPS) na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Jacutinga, Rio Claro (SP)

Water erosion is one of the main processes responsible for soil degradation, resulting in loss of parcels of land suitable for agriculture, to the loss of agricultural inputs and the resulting drift of pesticides and excess sediment to rivers, causing phenomena such as the siltation and eutrophication of water bodies. Such a scenario makes it necessary to perform work of a technical and scientific to provide subsidies to land-use planning, in order to protect natural resources biotic and abiotic. To develop this work is necessary to find a unit of analysis capable of integrating the different elements of the landscape, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. Therefore we adopt for this work the watershed as main unit studies. From this question, this project will focus on the assessment of surface water erosion through MEUPS (Equation Modified Universal Soil Loss) predictive model. With the aid of maps, remote sensing products, and the use of geotechnology, this study aims to evaluate for the for Natural Erosion Potential the basin of the Jacutinga river, located in Rio Claro - SP

Geoprocessamento aplicado na determinação das áreas de preservação permanente e áreas de conflito com cultivo agrícola no município de Lençóis Paulista/SP

The city of Lençóis Paulista has a great part of its agricultural land cultivated by sugar cane and reforestation of eucalyptus and pine trees. In the county there are industries that exploit energy extracted from energy cogeneration. The city of Lençóis Paulista, in recent years, has been demonstrating considerable levels of economic and social growth with the industries that are working with sugarcane and eucalyptus mainly responsible. However, the expansion of agricultural land in many cases does not take into consideration the permanent preservation areas that are protected by the law. The APP's are of fundamental importance in the management and conservation of the environment preserving the natural plants and wildlife, and also preventing erosion and the silting of drainage networks. This objective of this study was to diagnose land use, analyze if Permanent Preservation Areas are regulated to the Brazilian Forestry Code (1965) and also diagnose areas of conflict. In relation to the use and occupation of land, the research has shown how the land is divided (agricultural crops and urban zones), and highlighted areas of conflict with the Permanent Preservation Areas. All of the information is contained in maps using Geographic Information Systems. However, it has become clear that environmental laws are not respected as much in urban areas as they are in rural areas. The PPA's are virtually nonexistent, thus creating damage to the environment and local population.

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in soil by supercritical fluid extraction/gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The applicability of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in pesticide multiresidue analysis (organohalogen, organonitrogen, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid) in soil samples was investigated. Fortification experiments were conducted to test the conventional extraction (solid-liquid) and to optimize the extraction procedure in SFE by varying the CO2 Modifier, temperature, extraction time, and pressure. The best efficiency was achieved at 400 bar using methanol as modifier at 60 degreesC. For the SFE method, C-18 cartridges were used for the cleanup. The analytical screening was performed by gas chromatography equipped with electron-capture detection (ECD). Recoveries for the majority of pesticides from spiked samples of soil at different residence times were 1, 20, and 40 days at the fortification level of 0.04-0.10 mg/kg ranging from 70 to 97% for both methods. The detection limits found were <0.01 mg/kg for ECD, and the confirmation of pesticide identity was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a selected-ion monitoring mode. Multiresidue methods were applied in real soil samples, and the results of the methods developed were compared.

On line extraction and separation of bendiocarb, methomyl, methylparathion, and pentachlorophenol pesticides from raw milk

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for extraction and determination of pesticides from raw milk was developed. The method involves direct injection of raw milk samples on a bovine serum albumin-dimethyl-octyl-silica gel (BSA-Si-Cs) column. The mobile phase 0.05 mol.L-1 phosphate buffer pH6.0 in acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) was employed for extraction and separation of bendiocarb, methylparathion, pentachlorophenol, and methomyl pesticides. The method shows good results of recovery in the pesticides studied, higher than 99.6%.

Multiresidue determination of pesticides in honey samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and application in environmental contamination

A simple and fast multiresidue method has been developed to determine 48 pesticides within the major groups of pesticides (organohalogen, organophosphorous, pyrethroids and organonitrogen) in representative samples of locally produced honey, in Bauru (State of São Paulo, Brazil) during 2003-2004. The recovery results found ranged from 76% to 95% and the limits of detection were lower than 0.01 mg/kg for gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC-MS-SIM). The results indicated that most pesticides found in the samples belonged to the organohalogen and organophosphorous groups and lower levels of residues of some organonitrogen and pyretroids were also detected. Malathion residues were detected in all the samples, in a high concentration, owing to its applications to control dengue mosquitoes in the area studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Clinical, cytogenetic and toxicological studies in rural workers exposed to pesticides in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Pesticidas podem causar mutações gênicas e aberrações cromossômicas em indivíduos expostos. Investigamos 24 trabalhadores expostos a pesticidas, nos quais foram executados exames clínicos e testes citogenéticos e toxicológicos. Dez indivíduos não expostos foram usados como controles. Dosagem toxicológica de cobre, zinco e manganês (metais encontrados em alguns pesticidas), dosagem de enzimas hepáticas (GOT, GPT, AP) e atividade de acetilcolinesterase foram executadas em 16 trabalhadores e oito controles. Nos trabalhadores expostos, os sintomas clínicos mais pertinentes foram digestão pobre, com sensação de plenitude após alimentação, olhos irritados, enxaqueca e fasciculações. O grupo exposto mostrou dosagem de manganês e atividade de acetilcolinesterase significativamente mais baixas, e nível significativamente mais alto de fosfatase alcalina. Estudos citogenéticos mostraram freqüências de aberrações cromossômicas significativamente mais altas no grupo exposto quando comparado ao grupo de controle. Embora usassem vestuário protetor contra névoa de pesticidas, o qual incluía calças de borracha, botas, luvas, máscara e chapéu, os resultados clínicos revelaram que os trabalhadores foram contaminados. Concluímos que estudos citogenéticos, toxicológicos, juntamente com exames clínicos, são importantes no controle da saúde do trabalhador, mesmo em condições de proteção.

Wildlife forensic DNA and lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) poaching

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contamination by chlorinated pesticides, PCBs and PBDEs in Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) in western South Atlantic

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)