Poesia infantil: concepções e modos de ensino

A autora discute a presença quase insignificante da poesia no ensino fundamental, mostrando também que são inúmeros os equívocos didáticos quando se recorre ao gênero nas salas de aula. Ela ainda analisa as razões do predomínio de livros didáticos e paradidáticos com sustentação filosófica e teórica ultrapassada e que apresentam textos literários infantis geralmente de natureza narrativa. Para a pesquisadora, trata-se de uma espécie de desperdício, pois a poesia infantil teria mais possibilidades de contribuir na difícil tarefa de despertar nos estudantes o gosto pela leitura. Ela cita Bamberger, para quem a poesia é o único gênero capaz de despertar leitores em qualquer faixa etária ou fase de leitura. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores de três escolas de nível básico e teve dimensões pedagógicas, já que a autora levantou a formação geral desses professores e os reflexos dessa formação na prática pedagógica, especificamente no que tange a conteúdos e formas de ensino de literatura infantil. A autora também apresenta uma metodologia de leitura, mais produtiva e critica do que a normalmente empregada nas escolas, a qual parte da constatação de que os estímulos do mundo poético integram a vida da criança desde muito cedo, mas ainda têm de ser inseridos na escola.

Contradições do processo de disciplinamento escolar: os Livros de Ocorrências em análise

Historicamente, as escolas assumiram como missão o disciplinamento de crianças e jovens, supostamente com o objetivo de adequá-los ao convívio e às normas sociais. Um dos instrumentos criados para exercer este ofício são os chamados Livros de Ocorrências, existentes nas escolas desde a década de 1920. Neste contexto, buscamos compreender como esses livros têm sido utilizados nas escolas atualmente, como esta utilização tem sido interpretada pelos professores e quais os sentidos dos registros. Em nossa análise apontamos que os registros têm pouca efetividade em termos de favorecimento à aprendizagem do aluno, mas que exercem uma função de disciplinamento e normalização. Pôde-se também apontar, com base na análise de entrevistas com os professores, nas quais utilizamos a técnica de grupo focal, que os registros tendem a ganhar um novo significado, de proteção da escola e dos professores, ainda que esta proteção possa ser compreendida mais como simbólica do que propriamente efetiva.

Contexto escolar: práticas educativas do professor, comportamento e habilidades sociais infantis

Educational practices, behavior problems and children's social skills have been more studied in family context than in school context. This study aimed to compare, from the verbal report, educational practices of regular and special teacher in relation to children's behavior, concerning groups differentiated by reference indication of behavior problems in the classroom by the teacher and sex of the children. This study surveyed fifteen teachers and twenty-eight students (6-9 years), who were grouped in regular teaching (n = 18, kindergarten, elementary) and especial teaching (n = 10). The assessment with teachers was proceeded by using a questionnaire (Q-RSH-Pr) and a semi-structured interview (RE-HSE-Pr). We observed that there is a significant difference: boys as well as children with behavior problems presented more difficulties than others. Their teachers revealed that they use more negative

O processo de análise de assunto na catalogação de livros em bibliotecas universitárias: aplicação do protocolo verbal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ações educativas sobre prevenção de acidentes infantis em curso de Design Gráfico

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O contexto de indexação para catalogação de livros usando uma abordagem sociognitiva

We evaluated study of the indexing process in the cataloging at university libraries, using a socio-cognitive approach to analyze procedures, difficulties and perceptions of librarians, users, and managers. The methodology consisted of the Individual and Group Verbal Protocols applied in university libraries. The results were the absence of procedures for book subject analysis and representation, incompatibility of indexing language, and problems of subject retrieval from the catalog. We have concluded that is tendency of catalogs to act as databases. Therefore, the cataloguer should present a posture of commitment similar to that of an indexer who works in the production of these bases.

A observação da estrutura textual de livros e sua contribuição para a catalogação de assuntos em bibliotecas universitárias da UNESP

The indexing is a kind of description whose aim is to establish concepts expressed in a document and representing them according to a documentary language. There are elements that can contribute to a more complete selection of terms that will represent the document, like the observation of its textual structure and the context where the indexing professional acts. The analysis of the book textual structure can be carried out in a way that facilitates the indexing, as the professional can foresee the parts of the text where he localizes and identifies the more representative terms of the textual content. In such a way, it is intended to comprehend and inquire, with the applying of Verbal Protocol, the use that São Paulo libraries indexers do from the textual structure during the determination of subjects in such a way as to obtain the disclosure of their procedures, difficulties and restrictions through the externalization of thoughts during the recording of the indexing task. From the data analysis, it was possible to find out that the right hand page, the back of the title page, the chapters and other parts of the book s structure provided the greater number of terms, becoming the most important ones for the indexing task.

Uso de sistemas de comunicação suplementar e alternativa na Educação Infantil: percepção do professor

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Resources have proven to be helpful in the insertion of students with disabilities and complex communication needs into a variety of pedagogical activities and expand the skills and competencies of the teacher in the teaching-learning. The objective of this research was to identify the perception of teachers regarding the use of augmentative and alternative communication during an intervention program in Preschool. Participants were a special class of Preschool students with disabilities and severe communication complexity, along with their teacher and the researcher. For the development of this research, a Alternative Communication Program was applied. The teacher was provided with systematic guidance concerning language and communication. In a collaborative process, three children’s songs were selected according to the teacher’s pedagogical planning and adapted resources through Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems. During the intervention program, assisted evaluations also took place immediately after the activities with the music. The data were collected in audio recordings. For data analysis, content analysis was carried out resulting in the outlining of themes and subthemes. Results indicated that the teacher identified that Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems can to facilitate expression abilities of students with disabilities; that Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems can be used by children in Preschool; and that resources adapted through augmentative and alternative communication systems should be in accordance with the specificities of students.

A representação documentária no processo de indexação com o modelo de leitura documentária para textos científicos e livros: uma abordagem cognitiva com protocolo verbal

The documentary representation in indexing is carried out, at first, in the analysis of subjects to establish the intrinsic and extrinsic aboutness, and then, in the translation stage using the documentary language. The representation by concepts for determining the intrinsic aboutness during the subject analysis is shown by the Documentary Reading Model for indexing of scientific texts and books, Therefore, it was carried out a search on documentary reading for cataloguers for indexing books in academic libraries. A research on catalogers’ documentary reading for indexing books was carried out in nine university libraries. The application of the introspective technique of Individual Verbal Protocol with the catalogers allowed an analysis of subject cataloguing procedures, which made it possible to verify the textual structure parts of a book, as well as to locate the terms identified and selected. The results led to an adaptation of the Documentary Reading Model to book indexing.

Escolhas de letras nas primeiras escritas infantis: função e unidade no discurso

The article deals, initially, from a theoretical point of view, the concept of function in the perspective of Vygotsky (2001), and functional equivalence from the point of view of Smith (1989) and articulates them with the letter funcion in the construction of words in discursive statements. Taking as reference these concepts, it was analysed writings of a student in early literacy at a school in a countryside city in the state of São Paulo, in a situation of writing letters of personal correspondence, whose data were collected in 2009 in order to determine which letters are chosen by the student and why they are chosen to record the speech. The concept of function in Vygotsky and the functional equivalence of Smith (1989) used for the analysis of corpus, revealed that the student’s decisions are characterized by diversity sources and criteria, and rely mainly on the basis that a letter can have the constitution of the word, in the process of enunciation, regardless of their phonetic correspondence. The letter, used as a basis, would lose its status as strictly technical element to achieve the status of a unit of sense since is a constituent part of discourse.

Os contos infantis como literatura, na formação humana e na educação

As reflexões tecidas neste texto decorreram de inúmeros questionamentos acerca da necessidade de se considerar a importância dos contos infantis como literatura, na formação humana e na educação. Nesse sentido, aborda-se, num primeiro momento, aspectos históricos da origem e trajetória dos contos infantis. Após e ainda que brevemente, abordam-se alguns fundamentos discutidos entre Habermas e Mead sobre a construção da intersubjetividade humana que pode ser propiciada pelos contos infantis e a conquista da individuação e socialização. Por fim, são abordados aspectos a partir dos quais se espera contribuir para as reflexões sobre educação, centralmente sobre a educação de crianças em processo de escolarização.

Mobiliários adaptados para pessoas com paralisia cerebral: um levantamento das teses e dissertações produzidas no Brasil

The Assistive Technology makes the lives of people without disabilities more practical, but for people with disabilities it can make things possible. For these individuals can provide the conditions, making their limitations are not obstacles to their social and personal empowerment, and may contribute to their effective participation in tasks that were previously impossible, such as remaining seated correctly. A segment on which the necessary assistive technology works, is the adaptation of furniture such as chairs, tables, chairs-to-wheels for individuals with disabilities, as well as cerebral palsy. The study aimed to conduct a survey and brief description of theses and dissertations produced in Brazil on furniture adapted for students with cerebral palsy. We made searching in databases of libraries of major universities and federal state national banks, theses and dissertations. Nine studies were selected for description. It was concluded that there is a considerable array of professionals, both in engineering as the field of rehabilitation, to contribute in the adaptation, creation and even the manufacture of furniture for children with cerebral palsy and that the securities most studied are the chairs and their components.

Livros da subversão: imprensa comunista e a coleção História Nova do Brasil

The colection História Nova do Brasil, produced and published in the early 1960s by a group of intellectuals of the Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB), has become a field of discussion and debate among military and the left after 1964. Accused of promoting communist subversion, the collection had a new methodology to analyze the history of Brazil, with marxist approach. For this and other reasons, copies were seized by military agencies and the authors were indicted in military investigations, accused of violating the National Security Law.

Estratégia educativa sobre prevenção de acidentes infantis para o ensino fundamental

Os acidentes infantis causam alta morbimortalidade. Embora preveníveis pela educação, são escassos os subsídios para atuar com o tema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar estratégia educativa sobre prevenção de acidentes infantis para o ensino fundamental. Participaram membros de um Grupo de Pesquisa, escolares de duas salas de 3ª série do ensino fundamental e as professoras. Utilizou-se literatura da área, materiais recicláveis e impressos. Realizaram-se reuniões para definição, elaboração e ensaio da estratégia, no Grupo de Pesquisa, e estudo piloto nas salas de aula. A estratégia resultante foi um Teatro de Fantoches abordando a prevenção de queimaduras infantis, com Folheto Avaliativo do Aluno para antes e após a ação e Questionário Avaliativo do Professor após a ação. Concluiu-se que a estratégia elaborada foi de fácil aplicação e boa aceitação, favorecendo a posterior aplicação e avaliação por professores.