111 resultados para Limites da dívida


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This paper analyzes the growing adoption of translation tools by the contemporary translator working for markets such as the localization industry. The fast turnaround pace of translation of electronic texts ends up conditioning the employment of translators to their ability to use the resources provided by tools such as translation memories systems efficiently. These systems, as envisioned in their early conception, would allow users to increase productivity and, simultaneously, standardize their terminological production. Seeking to go beyond the predominantly descriptive approaches of these tools, some theoretical assumptions upholding the use of translation memories are examined. From this perspective, the translator’s involvement with the work in progress is analyzed, mainly when this professional is part of a larger process of production and distribution of information by electronic means and for diverse audiences. Ultimately, the consequences of the employment of these tools are taken into consideration, such as those between translator/translation and translator/client, as well as the extension of the responsibility of the translator dedicated to developing partially automated translations.

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Specifically in the teaching practices of History and Geography notes a concern with the construction of school knowledge based on observance of categories such as 'everyday' and 'place', which emphasize a look intensively focused on the local context of the students - element (res) significance, situated in time and space, the representations and actions of individuals, the (re) defining their identities (individual and / or collective) and rights to citizenship. However, both educators in history, as in geography, should be alert to some limits of a strictly pedagogical 'localist'. When it comes to use of language technology audiovisual in line with the pedagogical existing in “PCN's” history and geography, one must keep in mind that not just resize the movie to local level (whether in the classroom or outside), or elect the 'localism' as the new panacea of a certain 'pedagogy' of audiovisual language. With the desire to promote the development of new methods of teaching history and geography is that we designed a research project. This is creating opportunity with the possibility of graduating videos reflect on the teaching of history and geography, according to the use of a new technological language and art (cinema), the association with the reality of the students (hence the site survey and urban) as well as the promotion of an active and critical dialogue with the PCNs’s recommendations.

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Elucidação dos principais mecanismos técnicos utilizados na formação de Receitas e Despesas Públicas a fim de entender substancialmente a formação de uma apuração fiscal e de que forma influencia na Dívida Pública Federal.Quais teorias dominantes acerca do sistema governamental e da manutenção da Dívida Pública existentes. Apresentação do conceito de Dívida Pública Federal. Discute os principais índices que remuneram os títulos emitidos pelo Governo Federal e como influenciam na decisão dos agentes na composição de sua carteira de títulos e ademais, como toda esta movimentação influencia na Dívida Pública Federal. Busca-se trazer maior luz ao entendimento da formação da Dívida Pública Federal, levando em conta seu período pós-Plano Real até o recente, no governo da presidente Dilma Rousseff

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Beekeeping is recognized as promoter of assumptions and dimensions of sustainable development, supported by the triple bottle line – economic viability, social relevance and environmental prudence. Historically, it is strongly related with the central state of São Paulo. This work has as main objective to identify the profile of beekeeping in the this region, based on four municipalities (Araraquara, Descalvado, Rio Claro and São Carlos) in order to determine the main difficulties faced by beekeepersfor the sustainable development, pointing alternative interventions able to soften the effects of difficulties. It was used two different and complementary methodological strategies. The first one was a search with the databases (SEADE and IBGE) to obtain secondary data and quantitative regarding beekeeping in the region. The second one, it wasthrough field research with the beekeepers. The survey found that beekeeping in the region, presents an essentially familial and hereditary. Was also noticed the damage caused in the production, by limiting access to the region’s bee pastures and use of pesticides. In processing, it was found the extremely precarious conditions. At the institutional level, it was found the relative weakness of the beekeepers cooperatives, and the lack of support from local governments to consolidate activity.

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This paper provides an overview of the key findings of a survey that sought to examine the relationship between local government agencies and agrarian reform communities in the State of São Paulo, particularly with regard to the types of support that have been provided by these agencies to the economic activities of settlements. The research was part of the project "The agencies and services involved in the implementation of public policies for equity and growth", which was supported by the Instituto de Colonização e Reforma Agraria (INCRA/SP), whose activities were carried out throughout 2011. In methodological terms, the research was divided into two stages. In the first stage, it sought to identify the main economic activities, vocations and potential of the influencing areas of the Quilombola communities and settlements in their respective regions and micro-regions. Therefore, a survey was conducted based on secondary data. In the second stage, a qualitative, exploratory, empirical, and multiple case study research was conducted. Local public officials, in charge of the institutional relations with the agrarian reform settlements (and quilombolas communities, in this case, one of the municipalities investigated) were the primary source of data for this analysis that sought to evaluate the strength, types and quality of support (plausible or effective) provided by the municipalities to the economic activities of settlements. The results indicated a set of reasonably heterogeneous components, and frequently, distinct, of particular circumstances. Based on the results some proposals for action plans were indicated, which probably would constitute a standard reference for the formulation and implementation of public policies and actions to improve the economic activities of the settlements.

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The financial crisis of 2007 brought the discussion of fiscal policy. This was used as a way for governments to mitigate the potential social and economic impacts of the crisis, since only the monetary policy would not be effective. Historically, banking crises engender increases in public debt, not only for the relief operations, but also by the policies of government primary spending and/or, as in the recent crises, by the purchase of the “toxic” financial assets. The discretionary fiscal policy is then discussed, since it is essential, it is required well articulated and coordinated actions in order to mitigate their respective current and future crisis.

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The paper presents a study of fiscal policy and public debt in Brazil from 1994 to 2008. We assert that fiscal policy in Brazil was conducted in accordance with a new macroeconomic model, and that the measures adopted in that framework resulted in the construction of a new fiscal model. The fiscal policy in this new system has the main role of debt sustainability, with a suitable revenue and spending policy, conducted to achieve the goals of a positive public sector primary result.

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The main objective of this paper is to answer the following question: how can we draw a parallel, during the analysis of the data, between children who are at different moments in the language acquisition process or who belong to different populations (children that are monolingual, bilingual, with language disorders, etc.)? In order to answer this question, we are discussing the advantages and limitations of adopting a measure like MLU, from English Mean Length of Utterance, or EME as it was named in Brazil, proposed by Roger Brown (1973). We intend to verify the effective contribution of these measures to the studies in the area and propose an adaptation in the studies that use a qualitative approach. Firstly, we recall the study of the criteria proposed by Brown (1973), Scliar-Cabral (1976), Parker & Brorson (2005), Parisse & Le Normand (2006), and Araújo (2007), and by scholars of Brazilian Portuguese morphology, like Câmara Jr (2009), Monteiro (2002), and Kehdi (1990), among others. Secondly, from a dialogic-discursive point of view (BAKHTIN, 2006; BAKHTIN/ VOLOSHINOV, 1992, 1981), we provide as an example the research on the plural in the language acquisition process (HILÁRIO, 2010, 2011b, 2012). The reflections made indicate that EME may be a useful measure for the researches on language acquisition. Nevertheless, adaptations should be done and its inherent problems should be taken into account, especially if other factors are considered – like the age, the number of types/occurrences, the maximum limit of items per utterance etc. – although it is not the only parameter of analysis. Considering that EME may vary according to the conditions of production and may not reflect the qualitative changes in the children’s discourse, other factors should be analyzed, like the context of the discourse, the participants involved etc.

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This article has, as its main subject of reflection, a brazilian experience of intermunicipal cooperation named the "Consórcio Intermunicipal pela Conservação da Natureza na Bacia do Rio Jacaré Pepira" better known as "Consórcio do Rio Jacaré", located in São Paulo State, Brazil. Having its origin in 1985, the consortium is considered the first inter-municipal experience of cooperation witch tried to associate regional development with environmental issues. The research, qualitative in the method, designed as single case study and supported by data collected through desk research, systematized information on the projects and activities of the Consortium, pointing among the members those which effectively beneficed from the supposed cooperation, along with the difficulties faced and the context which led the consortium to the state of stagnation in which plunged after 1999. The results showed that, despite its historical and regional importance, the consortium could not be seen as a management model, being weakened by the political and institutional environment, the local realities, the absence of maturity of partners for joint cooperation, in addition to the lack of clarity on the regional dimension of the projects.