Estudo da convecção natural no interior de cavidades para aplicação em isolamento transparente de coletor solar plano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de formulação cosmética contendo nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio para proteção solar

O protetor solar é um produto extremamente importante para proteger a pele da radiação ultravioleta proveniente do sol e capaz de reduzir a incidência de câncer de pele. Os filtros solares são divididos em orgânicos e inorgânicos e, dentre os inorgânicos, se encontra o TiO2 que atua refletindo, espalhando e absorvendo as radiações UV, além de ser fotoestável e de baixo potencial de irritabilidade dérmica. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidas formulações cosméticas em forma de gel contendo nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio capazes de agir como fotoprotetores físicos e que mantem a transparência ao serem aplicados sobre uma superfície, como a pele. Foram desenvolvidos xerogéis a base de nanopartículas de TiO2 com tamanho e superfície controlados. A partir dessas nanopartículas foi possível preparar formulações cosméticas contendo nanopartículas redispersas de xerogéis a base de TiO2. Esses sistemas foram avaliados por testes de citotoxicidade e foi obtido um resultado favorável para a continuidade da pesquisa, sugerindo o uso deste material em humanos sem causar danos. Foram feitas as caracterizações físico químicas e estruturais. A análise de FPS indicou amplo espectro da formulação, o potencial zeta mostrou que é possível evitar aglomerações das nanopartículas em pHs utilizados para formulações tópicas, a reologia demonstrou que as formulações apresentam comportamento de recuperação da consistência e organização do material inicial após seu desarranjo durante o cisalhamento. As caracterizações serviram para obter um conhecimento da estrutura química e física das amostras que contém as nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio, para que seja possível fazer uma análise crítica e melhor qualificar o protetor solar desenvolvido.

Geração de energia renovável em residências: aplicação de tecnologias existentes

Due to the high value of the bill that the Brazilian has been paying, one of the most expensive in the world, is becoming increasingly attractive the option for renewable energy in form of distributed micro and minigeneration. In other words, the renewable energy sources are becoming attractive not only because of environmental concerns, but also due to economic issues. This has become even more relevant and concrete after approval of rules by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL) on 4/17/2012 (Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 of 04/17/2012) aimed at reducing barriers to installation of small distributed generation, including microgeneration, with up to 100 kW of power, and minigeneration, 100 kW to 1 MW. The Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 creates the Energy Clearing System, which allows consumers to install small generators in its consumer unit and exchange energy with the local distributor. The rule applies to generators that use renewable sources of energy (hydro, solar, biomass, wind and cogeneration qualified). In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a residential microgenerating plant composed of photovoltaic cells, solar panels and small wind turbines

Levantamento bibliográfico sobre o método SODIS de desinformação solar da água

Frente ao desafio de prover água de melhor qualidade para o uso humano a um custo acessível e de simples execução, muitos métodos tem sido desenvolvidos e estudados. Uma metodologia que tem se destacado atualmente, é o método SODIS, sigla em inglês que significa, desinfecção da água por meio da luz solar. Essa metodologia tem como princípio a inativação de uma variada gama de microrganismos patogênicos a partir da ação dos raios solares. Essa metodologia consiste em submeter garrafas de água a um banho de luz solar por algumas horas. Para a realização do método SODIS pode-se utilizar garrafas PET (politereftalato de etileno), sendo que sua execução é simples e rápida além de possuir mínimos riscos envolvidos. A fim de comprovar a eficácia desse método, muitos estudos tem investigado os mecanismos e fatores importantes envolvidos no processo de inativação. Da compreensão desses mecanismos e fatores críticos, preconizou-se ações que visam garantir e maximizar a eficiência do método em variadas situações e condições climáticas sem que o método se torne complexo ou oneroso. O método SODIS se mostrou eficaz na inativação de várias espécies de fungos, vírus, bactérias e até protozoários. Estudos de campo revelaram a sua eficácia prática, ocasionando uma diminuição expressiva nas ocorrências referentes a quadros de diarréia e diarréia severa nas populações estudadas

Modelagem e simulação numérica de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção utilizando o par H2O-LiBr

The term refrigeration solar refers to any air conditioning system that uses solar energy as a primary energy source. The use of solar radiation for cooling purposes is divided according to their technological possibilities which are distinguished from one another as the way that energy is involved in the cycle, work or heat. The first case is related to vapor compression cycles, in which the work input is provided by the photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. In the second case, an absorption refrigeration cycle is used and the thermal energy collected from the solar radiation is provided at the generator of this cycle.. In this work a system with an absorption cycle using the pair BrLi-water, using solar energy as input is modeled. It is considered a simple refrigeration cycle whose the equations of mass and energy conservation in each component are developed in order to obtain an algebraic equation set and a simulation routine using the EES software. Although the simulation operates under certain specified thermal load it is possible to estimate the necessary areas of heat exchangers and solar collectors

Implementação de microrredes residenciais em corrente contínua através da microgeração

This paper discusses the importance of energy efficiency and the use of alternative energy sources, facing to the increasing energy demand and the concomitant economic, social and environmental restrictions imposed by society. In this work, alternative sources are illustrated by photovoltaic, micro turbines and fuel cells microgeneration systems. Energy efficiency is presented by direct current microgrids because its uses excludes the conversions of direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) losses made with the intention of injecting energy into the electric grid and then the inverse conversion, AC to DC, in order to feed residential loads. The object of this paper is to analyze a case study and evaluates the costs and technical feasibility of a Project that combines a DC microgrid and a microgeneration system

Estudo comparativo do desgaste de ferramentas cerâmicas de Al2O3 em relação às de B4C + TiB2

Due to the high value of the bill that the Brazilian has been paying, one of the most expensive in the world, is becoming increasingly attractive the option for renewable energy in form of distributed micro and minigeneration. In other words, the renewable energy sources are becoming attractive not only because of environmental concerns, but also due to economic issues. This has become even more relevant and concrete after approval of rules by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL) on 4/17/2012 (Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 of 04/17/2012) aimed at reducing barriers to installation of small distributed generation, including microgeneration, with up to 100 kW of power, and minigeneration, 100 kW to 1 MW. The Normative Resolution n ° 482/2012 creates the Energy Clearing System, which allows consumers to install small generators in its consumer unit and exchange energy with the local distributor. The rule applies to generators that use renewable sources of energy (hydro, solar, biomass, wind and cogeneration qualified). In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a residential microgenerating plant composed of photovoltaic cells, solar panels and small wind turbines

Avaliação da viabilidade econômica do uso de um aquecedor solar de água de garrafas pet para aquecer o ar de uma cabine de pintura e uma estufa de secagem

Nowadays, the biggest part of the world's energy supply comes from fossil fuels and nuclear. However, the current need of the society for the preservation of the environment and wise use of natural resources, has favored the search for alternative energy sources and improvement of energy efficiency. In this new scenario, companies are beginning to mobilize in order to adapt its facilities to renewable energy. Solar, with its immense potential, not really exploited yet, can be very useful for companies that want to beat their sustainability goals. Given these facts, the aim is to evaluate the economic viability of introducing a solar water heater which uses a colorless PET bottle as one of its components in a plant. The hot water generated will heat the air of a paint booth and a warm house, reducing energy consumption, since they are heated by electric heaters

Análise técnica e econômica da utilização da energia solar e eólica em uma propriedade rural para geração de eletricidade, bombeamento e aquecimento de água

This paper is about a case study of using solar energy and wind energy in a farm. For this purpose were collected from the property, such as water consumption and amount of residents. So, we estimate how many conventional panels or PET bottle panels and boiler needed to supply the farm with warm water. It also calculates the amount of photovoltaic panels and the main accessories for converting solar energy into electrical energy. For the pumping of water using photovoltaic panels is dismissed and dimensioned to be a watermill

Geração de energia fotovoltaica para cargas pontuais em residências

This work, based in a patent request at INPI, protocol no. 020110035974, presents a system development using solar panels to supply the electricity demand required by punctual loads, without a storage unit or utility grid synchronism, through a control circuit that allows parallel operation with the power grid during low sunlight incidence periods. A study about solar panel construction and topologies for Power generation was done, in a atempt to evalute impacts in project. This development was modular, providing the system the possibility of power capacity expansion and load diversity as well, in an attempt to reduce the total energy requirements from the residential sector drained from the power grid along the day

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sistemas líquido cristalinos para incorporação de p-metoxicinamato de octila

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da viabilidade técnica/econômica no aumento da eficiência energética sustentável aplicada à residência unifamiliar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mestre Galdino: o ceramista poeta de Caruaru - PE

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Aplicação do conceito de geração distribuída a um sistema fotovoltaico residencial

This work presents a study about distributed generation using photovoltaic systems in the context of smart grids. The characteristics of a Smart Grid and the several aspects this concept involves - distributed generation among them - are discussed. There are also examples of equipment, like smart meters, and of national and international projects. The specificities of distributed generation and the rules and standards necessary in this sort of installation are talked through with focus in the solar energy generation method. Regarding photovoltaic systems, the working principles of the panels are presented, along with its main electrical characteristics and the technologies available. Finally there is a study concerning the sizing of a distributed generation system that involves photovoltaic panels in a residential plant. An analysis of the costs and return of investment period is made about the specific case in consideration.

Análise dos parâmetros técnicos e econômicos do aquecedor solar a vácuo, visando economia de energia

This work is about a development of a vacuum solar water heater. To accomplish this, some measurements were made, such as flow, water temperature and room temperature, relative humidity, solar power density and wind speed. It first presents a brief explanation about the global situation in relation to the accelerated use of exhaustible energy sources which can result in a breakdown of these for future generations. From this, is proposed to analyze this solar water heater with vacuum tubes during the winter season in Brazil southeastern region, under different environmental conditions. From such ideas became possible to prove through the experimental part, calculations and graphical results that technology and the performance of this device are technical and economically viable, according to the life cycle of this. It was also found that the average monthly production in a maximum heat stroke situation was 193,33kWh and minimum isolation was 57,76kWh. This reveals that this instrument should start to be examined more closely by all, as a way to reduce the use of electricity, which will protect the environment without reducing the comfort of people