Densidade mineral óssea em cadelas submetidas à ovarioisterectomia com e sem reposição estrogênica oral

Estudaram-se os efeitos da ovarioisterectomia na densidade mineral óssea de cadelas e da reposição de estrógenos após a cirurgia. Foram utilizadas 12 cadelas, sem raça definida, entre dois e seis anos de idade e pesos entre 5 e 15kg. Os animais, submetidos à ovarioisterectomia, foram separados em dois grupos de seis. Um grupo serviu como controle, e o outro recebeu estrógenos naturais conjugados na dose de 0,01mg/kg via oral a cada 48 horas, durante 12 meses. No dia da cirurgia e após 12 meses, foram feitas radiografias com vistas à densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica. A ovarioisterectomia diminuiu a densidade óssea, e a reposição estrogênica, na dose utilizada, foi capaz de preservá-la.

Época e densidade de plantio na produção de cúrcuma

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade da cúrcuma em função da época e densidade de plantio, este experimento foi instalado no período de outubro de 1994 a julho de 1995, em campo, na Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), no município de Lavras-MG. Foram avaliados os fatores épocas de plantio (20/out, 20/nov, 20/dez e 20/jan) e espaçamento entre plantas na linha de plantio (0,20; 0,35 e 0,50m), sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas sub-divididas, com três repetições. A produção de rizomas por planta e por área foram influenciados significativamente pela interação dos fatores avaliados. Maiores produtividades por planta (673,13g) e por área (24.678,82kg ha-1) foram obtidas nos plantios de 20 de novembro e espaçamentos entre plantas, respectivamente, de 0,36 e 0,30m.

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

Com o objetivo de estabelecer os valores normais da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl) de eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), foi radiografado o osso acessório do carpo de animais desta raça e aplicada a técnica da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica (DOR). Foram utilizados animais de 20 a 30 meses de idade, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas. A DMO média foi de 4,7 ± 0,1mmAl para os machos e de 4,6 ± 0,1mmAl para as fêmeas, não sendo significativa a diferença entre estes valores.

Determinação da densidade mineral óssea da extremidade distal do rádio-ulna em gatos: correlação entre peso, sexo e idade

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Densidade de plantas e produção de amendoim

Para estudar o efeito da densidade de plantas sobre a produção de vagens e seus componentes na cultura do amendoim cv. Tatu, em solos com diferentes fertilidades, foram realizados três experimentos, em condições de campo, no município de Pontal, SP, em um Latossolo Roxo, em anos agrícolas distintos, no cultivo das águas. As densidades estudadas foram 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 e 26 plantas por metro, em espaçamento de 0,60 m entre linhas. O componente de produção responsável pela variação da produção de vagens por planta foi o número de vagens, tendo diminuído com o aumento da densidade de plantas. Nas maiores densidades de plantas, as produções por planta foram menores, todavia devido à maior população de plantas, foram obtidas nestas as maiores produtividades de vagens. Produtividades de vagens, sem perdas significativas em relação às maiores densidades, foram obtidas nas densidades de 14 plantas por metro em solo de alta fertilidade e de 11 plantas por metro em solos de média/baixa fertilidades, que originaram, respectivamente, 12,92, 10,67 e 10,93 plantas por metro à colheita.

Efeito da densidade de semeadura na produção do amendoim

In this work, the effects of sowing densities on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop, cv. Tatu were studied. Three experiments were carried out under field conditions on a soil classified as ''Latosol Roxo'', in the Municipality of Pontal, SP, during the wet seasons of 1987-88, 1988-89, and 1989-90. The densities studied were 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 seeds in one metter of row, under some row spacing of 0.60 m. The pod number per plant was the yield component responsible for the variation of pod production per plant and these decreased with the increase of sowing density. However. The low pod production per plant in high densities of sowing was compensated by the high populations of plants and these produced high yield. Thus, good pod yields were obtained, without significant losses of yield compared with the higher densities, at density of 13 seeds per meter, in 1987-88, 16 seeds per meter in 1988-89 and 10 seeds per meter in 1989-90, that resulted, respectively, in 11.36, 12.72 and 9.28 plants per meter at harvest time.

Distribuição de poros e densidade de latossolos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo

Man cultivates the soil for centuries, but the intensive business and use of the soils under Cerrado vegetation for agricultural production grew out of the seventies. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical characteristics as a function of sampling time and the soil uses in a Cerrado area in Uberlandia City - MG, Brazil. The managements were adopted: degraded pasture (M-1), conventional tillage (M-2), minimum tillage (M-3), tillage absence (M-4), no-tillage (NT) for three years (M-5); NT for nine years (M-6), NT for three years after Pinus (M-7), PD for one year after Pinus (M-8) and Pinus forest (M-9) with 25 years old. The evaluations were conducted in 2002/03 growing season, in two areas. The soils were: area 1, an Oxisol (Red Latosol - LV-1, M-1 through M-5) and area 2, two Oxisols (Red Latosol and Red-Yellow Latosol - LVA and LV-2, M-6 through M-9). The physical attributes studied changed depending of the soil class, sampling time and management systems, with emphasis on the area 2 soils, which, in general, better preserved its main physical attributes. Managements with intense tillage, such as the M-2, are the most soil physically degrade, presenting mostly negative changes to soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity and macroporosity. Since the systems which promote less tillage, in short term, to preserve desirable physical attributes. The M-9 system had the lowest attributes range, compared to the others.

Influência da densidade de estocagem no desempenho produtivo do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different stock densities (0.33; 0.67 e 1.00 fish L-1) on freshwater angelfish productive performance reared in aquarium. Fish were fed with commercial diets during 35 days in two diary meals. The experimental design was entirely randomized and for each density were used four replicates. Were evaluated physical-chemical water parameters: temperature, oxygen dissolved concentration and total ammonia concentration and growth performance parameters: weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate, final standard length, conduction factor and length uniformity. Results were submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05), it was used the statistic program ESTAT 2.0. Mortality was not observed in any tested density. on physical-chemical water parameters, total ammonia level increased significantly with stock density increasing, but they did not showed clinical signs of ammonia toxicity. As there were no significant differences between treatments, stock density 1.00 fish L-1 is the most indicated because it allows higher production.

A significancia da densidade de drenagem para a analise geomorfologica.

Examines drainage density and networks in terms of methods of calculation, spatial and temporal variability, their relationship with hydrological basins and their paleoclimatic significance.-R.N.Gwynne

COMPARACAO ENTRE MEDICAMENTOS ORAIS ATRAVES DAS TAXAS SERICAS DE GLICOSE, AMILASE, ACIDOS GRAXOS LIVRES E LIPOPROTEINAS DE ALTA DENSIDADE (HDL-COLESTEROL) NOS DIABETICOS DE AMBOS OS SEXOS, DA REGIAO DE ARARAQUARA, NAO-DEPENDENTES DE INSULINA

A study was carried out, on both sexes, to determine the effects of chlorpropamide (DIABINESE) and glibenclamide (DAONIL) on patients with Type II diabetes using as metabolic parameters the following serum: glucose, amilase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids. The results indicated that both drugs were potentially similar in relation to glycemia, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and free fatty acids, in both sexes. Chlorpropamide was significantly more effective in reducing amilase activity in male diabetics than glibenclamide. The above mentioned hypoglycemiants did not reduce glycemia to basic levels in either masculine or feminine groups of diabetics.

Efeitos da densidade populacional e da energia da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding three levels of energy (2800, 3000 and 3200 kcal ME/kg) in diets and two stocking densities (10 and 22 birds/m 2) on broilers performance. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replication per treatment. The factors studied were levels of energy in the diet, population density, and sex. The birds were killed at 42 days of age. The data indicate that increasing energy levels in the diets of broilers, 1 to 42 days of age, reduced feed intake, improved feed conversion, and increased the amount of abdominal fat, energy intake, and weight gain without affecting carcass yield. There was no significant effect of diet on the live weight production of broilers produced per area of floorspace or on mortality. The higher values for carcass yield were obtained for birds raised under the higher population density and for males in comparison to females. With the exception of the undesirable elevation in the amount of abdominal fat, the increase in the level of energy in the diets resulted, in general, in an improvement in the performance of the broilers independent of the population density. However, the response to the amount of energy in the diet was similar for both population densities.

Efeito da densidade de plantas de Bracharia decumbens Stapf sobre o crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

In order to verify the effect of Brachiaria decumbens plant density on the initial growth of Eucalyptus grandis plants, one assay was conducted under semi-controlled conditions of soil fertility and humidity. Dark red Latossol, collected from the arable layer, was used as substrate in 50 liters amianthus cement boxes. One seedling of Eucalyptus was planted in each box. Fifteen days later, seedlings of B. decumbens were transplanted on the same box. The treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 plants of B. decumbens. The experimental design was the complete randomized design, with 15 treatments and four replicates. The Eucalyptus plants that lived with B. decumbens were evaluated for stem diameter, plant high, leaf area, and dry weight of stem, branches and leaves. B. decumbens plants were evaluated for dry weight of aerial parts. B. decumbens, at the density level of four plants per m 2 and over, reduced of the initial growth of the Eucalyptus plants. B. decumbens reduced on average 27.78% stem diameter, 18.47% plant high, 70.56% leaf number, 63.26% leaf area, and 55.22%, 77.29% and 55.30% of stem, branch and leaf dry weight, respectively. Plant high was not a good parameter to evaluate the B. decumbens interference.

Efeito da densidade de plantas de Panicum maximum Jacq. sobre o crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden

In order to verify the effect of Panicum maximum plant density on the initial growth of Eucalyptus grandis plants, one assay was conducted under semi-controlled conditions of soil fertility and humidity. Dark red Latossol, collected from the arable layer, was used as substrate in 50 liters amianthus cement boxes. One seedling of Eucalyptus was planted in each box. Fifteen days later, seedlings of P. maximum were transplanted on the same box. The treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants of P. maximum per m 2. The experimental design was the complete randomized design, with six treatments and eight replicates for P. maximum. One hundred and ten and 190 days after transplanting, Eucalyptus plants grown among P. maximum showed an average reduction of 30.80 and 46.55% stem diameter, 25.10 and 22.50 plant high, 40.18 and 31.29% stem dry weight, 61.32 and 54.06% branch dry weight, 53.72 and 51.82% root dry weight, 44.62 and 38.50% leaf dry weight, 22.51 and 23.16 branch number, 20.72 and 19.97% leaf number, and 33.88 and 17.05% leaf area, respectively.

Retratibilidade da madeira de Pinus caribæa var. hondurensis e de Eucalyptus grandis e suas relações com a umidade e densidade

It had been studied the dimensional variations Pinus caribæa var. hondurensis and Eucalyptus grandiswood, emphasizing the axial, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage. The results had shown that the volumetric shrinkage of Pinus and Eucalyptus varied according to an exponential curve, R V=R Vmaxe -ku. The total or maximum volumetric shrinkage showed a linear behavior with the specific gravity on basis of ovendry mass and volume and the same behavior as respect of the specific gravity, where the adjusted equations were, respectively: R vmax = 3,01 + 19,15,oo e R vmax = 1,96 + 24,28,ob. It was also verified that the tangential shrinkage was 1,3 times greater than the radial one and 9,0 times greater than the axial one.

Fração de excreção de sódio, osmolaridade e densidade urinária em recém-nascidos prematuros alimentados com leite humano de banco adicionado de suplemento

Objective: This research was performed with the objective of investigating the renal effects on premature newborn infants of fortifying banked donor human milk. Methods: Clinical intervention trial, of the before-and-after type, involving 28 premature newborn infants split into two groups by postconceptional age at the start of the study: GI < 34 weeks (n = 14) and GII ≥ 34 weeks (n = 14), and assessed at three sample points: S1, on unfortified donor human milk, S2, after 3 days, and S3, after 10-13 days on fortified donor human milk. Nutrient intake, weight gain, fractional sodium excretion, urinary osmolality and specific density were compared with two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Results: Fluids, energy and sodium intakes were similar for both groups, and weight gain was satisfactory. Among the preterms with < 34 weeks postconceptional age, serum sodium was lower at the end of the study and the fractional sodium excretion was elevated at the start and at the end of the study (S1 = 2.11±1.05; S2 = 1.25±0.64; S3 = 1.62±0.88), with a significant difference in relation to GII (S1 = 1.34±0.94; S2 = 0.90±0.54; S3 = 0.91±0.82). Osmolality and urinary specific density were normal, with no differences between groups or collection dates. Conclusions: No adverse effects on the renal function of these preterms were detected as a result of being fed fortified donor human milk. Copyright © 2006 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.