Coleta Seletiva Municipal, Educação Ambiental e Organizações de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis na Vertente Paulista da Bacia do Rio Paranapanema

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hydrosedimentological disequilibrium in a small, urbanized watershed

AIM: In this paper we estimate the sediment yield and other related information for a small urbanized watershed, located in Sorocaba, São Paulo State. The driving forces that produce the observed scenario are presented and discussed; METHODS: Over a year, water samples and hydrologic information concerning the river channel were collected monthly at one sampling site. In the laboratory, water samples were oven dried (80 ºC) and the total suspended solid weighed for each sample. To estimate sediment yield we used Colby's simplified method. The sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was estimated using two methods: the relief - length ratio and the bifurcation ratio; RESULTS: The annual sediment yield estimated for the period was 1,636.1 t. The total specific sediment yield was 541.7 t.km -2.y-1. Bedload was the predominant fraction. The SDR changed between 60 and 66% according to the method employed. CONCLUSIONS: The main driving forces of hydrosedimentological disequilibrium are the lack of riparian vegetation, the dumping of construction wastes at inadequate sites, and the launching of untreated sewage. Hence, if these three factors were controlled, a significant improvement in the environmental quality, particularly water quality, might be achieved.

Estudo da variação da porcentagem e da estimativa de geração de gás metano para o aterro sanitário do município de Rio Claro - SP

Increased demand for energy and the search for alternative energy sources are remarkable and current facts. The management of domestic solid waste is also part of the issue in view of the possibility of power generation in existing landfills, which could provide financial autonomy to the system of waste management and improve the environmental balance of landfills in Brazil, currently only used for final solids disposal. Landfill gas is a viable alternative energy source has been tested in landfills in the World and in Brazil. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the percentage of methane (CH4) present in three sinks of gases from a landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro – SP (Brazil), and to estimate the potential methane generation over its life through the application of a mathematical model. As a result it was found that in general the percentage of methane present in the gases is significant, between 50 and 62%. It was also noted that waste with disposal time between 8 and 12 months already are in the methanogenic stage. Finally, there was a tendency to increase the generation of methane in the transition periods of rain and drought

Diagóstico ambiental de empreendimentos do distrito industrial Antônio Crepaldi – Presidente Prudente/SP

Recently, the environmental concern has grown due to the higher awareness about the availability and the importance of natural resources for survival on the Earth. So, laws and regulations were implemented aiming the environmental preservation. It has being developed new systems, technologies and techniques in order to minimize wastage of resources and minimize waste generation that may cause environmental impacts, in order to abide by the laws and regulations. These techniques and systems have been developed mostly for the industrial sector, because it’s one of the most responsible for the waste generation and impacts. One of the most employed systems is the environmental management, performed during the environmental diagnosis of the area/activity. So, this study aimed the environmental assessment and the establishment of proposals for the mitigation of the most significant environmental impacts generated in five industries of the Antonio Crepaldi industrial district – Presidente Prudente, in order to contribute to environmental issues and provide greater efficiency in the productive process of these industries... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Indicação e avaliação de potenciais áreas para implementação de aterros sanitários municipais – Apuí/AM

About eighty percent of the Brazilian municipalities have their residues in environmentally unsuitable sites and socially insalubrious. In this context, in the year 2010, instituted the National Policy on Solid Residues, which aims to integrated management and management environmentally appropriate of solid residues in Brazil (JUCA, 2002).The problem of urban residues is related to its origin and production in the same way that the concept of inexhaustibility and reflexes of compromising the environment, especially the pollution of soil, air and water resources (LIMA, 1995). Seeking a better residues management in the municipality of Apuí / AM and continuing work already started, Plan Solid Residues Management of the Apuí / AM, this work came to propose a better environmental compliance in relation to solid residues compared to 12305/2010 law that established deadlines / timelines on some actions such as landfills and the consequent elimination of environmentally sound disposal of residues by 2014 and thus began a study of potential areas for the implementation of the landfill were evaluated taking into consideration technical aspects (soil, vegetation, climate, hydrography, etc), legislation and Google Earth imagery. The result of the work over the 6 areas proposed by the City Hall was the choice of AREA 4 as the most indicated for the implementation of the landfill for the city of Apuí, which has 18,325 inhabitants (IBGE, 2011); some considerations were made if a new area can be proposed by the city to implement the landfill

Exigências ambientais europeias: novos desafios competitivos para o complexo eletrônico brasileiro

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the implications of the european environmental requirements for electronic equipment on brazilian electronic industry sector. These deter-minations deal with elimination of hazardous substances and management of electronic products waste and have reached not only the electronic sector companies in international level, but brazilian electronic sector as well. Most brazilian companies of the electronic sector are getting complied with the requirement that restricts the use of hazardous substances. The main consequences of this process are technological innovations and changes on contractual relationships among companies. Foreign companies branches are more advanced than local ones in terms of timing of compliance to the new requirements and technological perfor-mance, showing an alignment with headquarter strategies. Not being complied with these requirements avoid companies to achieve commercial benefits and open space for questions about policies Brazil must take.

Implicações da disposição de lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto em solo no Brasil

The management of solid waste originated from the treatment of domestic and industrial sewage in wastewater treatment plants is a current challenge in the Brazilian reality. However, the planning and the final destination of sludge end up being overlooked, causing serious damage to human health and the environment. The use of sewage sludge in the agriculture is growing in Brazil and is regulated by the Resolução CONAMA Nº 375/2006 which establishes the criteria and parameters so that the sludge can be disposed on the ground safely to the environment and the population. This study aims to define the effects of using sewage sludge in soil according to the results of the bibliographic survey of theoretical and practical studies using this waste in the recovery and conditioning of soil for agriculture and recuperation of degraded areas, and to define whether such type of sludge recycling is environmentally and socially feasible and safe. It can be said that the reuse of sewage sludge in soil meets the search requirements for an alternative that brings agronomic, environmental and economic benefits, as well as being an environmental and social healthy alternative if properly attended the laws that deal with the subject, anyway those should be reviewed and updated taking into account Brazilian soil and climate conditions, thus justifying need for more studies in the area

Simulação do impacto ambiental de uma proposta de programa de reciclagem no município de Cachoeira Paulista/SP

A reciclagem é uma importante ferramenta para a gestão dos Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares, como cita a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. Assim esta pesquisa visa quantificar o impacto ambiental que um programa de reciclagem, com o objetivo de reciclar 20% dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem, causaria na cidade de Cachoeira Paulista/SP. Para isso, foi utilizado o Waste Reduction Model para simular os dados e calcular a Emissão dos Gases de Efeito Estufa (MTCO2E e MTCE) e quantidade de Energia (Kwh). Um programa de reciclagem de 20% tem oportunidade de reduzir, em um ano e em relação a situação sem reciclagem, aproximadamente em 49% a quantidade de CO2 e C equivalentes, além de economizar em Kwh o equivalente ao gasto por um mês de energia elétrica de 9400 residências.

Investigação da poluição por metais tóxicos no córrego do Cintra

Cintra stream is the major receiver of treated effluent from sanitary, hospital and research laboratory sewage from the UNESP campus in Botucatu, Rubião Júnior District, São Paulo state; and it has shown evidence of diffuse contamination by metals along it. Analyses of the most toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn) were carried out by using an atomic absorption spectrometer AA-6.800 - Perkin Elmer, analyst 700. ANOVA followed by the Tukey test were used for data analyses at 5% significance level. The main objective of this study was to compare current data on metal levels with data from other studies, in the same area, and of the same nature, conducted before and after implementation of chemical residue management by the university in 2008. Also, it aimed at identifying and quantifying possible diffuse and punctual contamination. Sites S1 and S2 showed punctual contamination, while diffuse sources were observed between S4 and S5. The quality of water in the Cintra Stream improved after establishment of the program of laboratory chemical residue management in the Campus of UNESP.

Panorama da agricultura urbana e periurbana: os potenciais de abrangência socioambiental das práticas de AUP

Desde o momento em que o homem passou a aglomerar-se em centros urbanos e formar as cidades, trouxe consigo ainda algumas das práticas que realizava no ambiente rural. Ainda que limitado pela disponibilidade de espaço nas cidades, o hábito de cultivar plantas ornamentais, comestíveis e medicinais, acompanhou o homem, e hoje, mesmo nos maiores centros urbanos pode-se encontrar diversas experiências dessas práticas. O interesse de órgãos públicos, privados e universidades por esse assunto vêm crescendo nas ultimas décadas, nas quais, cada vez mais, percebe-se a urgência de melhorar a qualidade socioambiental nos centros urbanos. A agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta muito eficaz para lidar com difíceis desafios das grandes cidades, como a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, da escassez de água, da insegurança alimentar e nutricional de populações marginalizadas, da diminuição da biodiversidade, da exclusão social e da má qualidade de vida, entre outras. A AUP mostra-se, além de tudo, muito versátil, podendo ser realizada em diversos contextos ambientais e sociais. Nesse trabalho, compilamos uma série de artigos e textos já publicados sobre esse tema, apresentando os principais conceitos envolvidos. Através de revisão bibliográfica sistematizamos informações teóricas recolhidas e disponibilizando-as de forma sucinta e clara, para que projetos nesse ramo tenham acesso a esse compilado. Inicialmente, agrupamos os referenciais teóricos sobre agricultura urbana a partir do conceito que a define como objeto de estudo. No segundo capítulo abordamos a relação entre as práticas de AUP e a Ecologia, buscando compreender a influência que essas práticas têm no ambiente urbano. No terceiro e último capítulo discutimos o papel que algumas instituições têm para o bom desenvolvimento de iniciativas em AUP. Ao longo dos três capítulos, apresentamos exemplos práticos que ocorrem no Brasil...

Potencial de contribuição e importância socioambiental dos 'catadores autônomos' de Rio Claro (SP) para o programa de coleta seletiva municipal

The Urban Solid Residues are the rests of human activity, popularly known by trash and considered by population like useless, undesirable and disposable. On the other hand, for the waste pickers, solid residues are the beginning of a cycle: they see in the other's people trash the only income, an economic value. Currently, in brazilian cities, one million collectors act, alone or in cooperatives, socially excluded by the work they do. The National Policy of Solid Residues (PNRS), instituted in 2010, established guidelines to the execution of integrated residues management, with should be practiced by city halls and other governmental institutions. This policy has, besides other things, goals of residues reduction and inclusion of waste pickers in the mechanism of selective collect and recycling. However, this and other public policies created for residue management are benefic only for cooperated waste pickers. That could negatively affect most of this class, since 90% are waste pickers working in a precarious way on the country's streets. This study has for objective show that most of waste pickers that work in a precarious way on the brazilian territory has a huge potential for the solid residues recycling chain and how they should be valued for the environmental services they provide, so they can be included with dignity on the society, ensuring economic and social benefits for this workers. The methodology adopted was based on the amount of residue collected by the 44 cooperated members of the Rio Claro‟s waste pickers cooperative to estimate the potential of collect and recycling did by 210 autonomous waste pickers who are active on city streets. It was observed that the cooperative collects the equivalent of 10.2% of all recyclable residues generated by city population. However, with the potential that these autonomous waste pickers have, which together could contribute 465 tonnes of solid residues per month, or 5,570 tons a year...

A coleta seletiva como instrumento propulsor da gestão do consórcio de resíduos sólidos na região metropolitana do Cariri-Ceará

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Orçamento participativo em Fortaleza/CE: construção de uma nova cultura política? (Gestão: PT – 2005 a 2008 e de 2009 a 2012)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

TV universitária, um modelo de gestão em construção: TV UNAERP de Ribeirão Preto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Impactos da construção da UHE Três Irmãos sobre a atividade de mineração: importância de uma gestão ambiental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT