Avaliação da dinâmica dos processos erosivos lineares e sua relação com a evolução do uso da terra

The development of linear erosion processes is directly related with the environment natural characteristics or with modifications that have occurred on them by the anthropic action. In this context, the present article has as a general objective to evaluate the dynamic of the linear erosion processes and their relations with the evolution of the land use and with the lito-pedologic characteristics of the Cavalheiro hydrographic basin - Analândia, SP. In order to reach such objective, maps of erosive features and land use of several settings were elaborated, besides cartographic representations of the geological and pedological data of the study area. The obtained data were analyzed starting from the principles that concern to the General Systems Theory. Such analysis evidenced the intrinsic bond of the development of linear erosion processes with the several forms of land use and with the natural attributes of the studied area. Therefore, the methodological procedure adopted in this research has been considered as fundamental tool to understand the linear erosion processes dynamic, making it possible to take data of extreme relevance for the planning of the use and occupation of the land.

Evolução da margem atlântica equatorial do Brasil: Três fases distensivas

The extension of the Pangaea started in the Upper Triassic and evolved to uplifts, magmatism and development a triple junction during the Mesozoic, and opening the Central Atlantic Ocean. The Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic margin was formed in three Mesozoic extensional events. The first event is recorded by the Calçoene Graben of the Foz do Amazonas Basin. The second event started in the Valangian and is recognized by the enlargement of the Foz do Amazonas Basin, formation of the Marajó and Grajaú basins, and the Gurupi Graben System. The third event commenced in the Albian related to northwestward progression of the rift system, which enlarged the Foz do Amazonas and formed the Potiguar, Ceará, Barreirinhas and Pará-Maranhão basins. At the end of the Lower Cretaceous the movements attenuated in the Marajó Basin and Gurupi Graben System; the extension concentrated in the Foz do Amazonas, Pará-Maranhão and Barreirinhas basins, and evolved to continental rupture of northern South America and western Africa opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean.

Análise da evolução da paisagem no entorno da represa dos rios jaguari e jacareí, estado de são paulo, com base em sensoriamento remoto e SIG

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate by means of remote sensing and GIS, the landscape evolution around the Jaguari and Jacareí River Dam, located in the eastern section of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose we used LANDSAT 5/YM and CBERS-2/CCD images from 1984/1985 and 2006, respectively, considering the following classes of land use: forest, cultivated forest, agriculture, urban areas and water bodies. The two selected dates reflect important changes in the region such as the installation of the dam and subsequent urbanization of parts of its margins and the enlargement of the Fernão Dias Federal Highway, which contributed to an increase of areas of anthropic activities in the studied region. The results also indicate an increase in areas covered by native and planted forests, thus confirming a similar trend in other areas of the State of São Paulo.

Modelagem em escala regional da erosão relacionada com a evolução da cobertura do solo: Um estudo de caso no sudeste do Brasil

Accelerated soil erosion is, at present, one of the most widespread environmental problems in the world. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an essential tool in soil erosion studies and consequently in the development of appropriate soil conservation strategies. The objective of this paper was to assess the degree of soil erosion associated with land cover dynamics through GIS analysis and to validate the modeling with indicators of soil erosion. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, GIS technology and ground-truth dataset (erosion indicators) were employed to elaborate the soil loss maps for four dates at Sorocaba Municipality (SP, Brazil). It was verified that, although the predicted soil loss rate is normally small along the study area, such rate is significantly greater than the soil formation rate. This shows a non-sustainable situation of soil and land cover management. Unplanned urban expansion seems be the main driving force that acts in increasing the erosion risk/occurrence along the study area.

Incidência e evolução da polipose nasal em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

Nasal polyps are a clinical sign of alert for investigating Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Aims: To study the incidence of nasal polyps in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, its possible association with age, gender, clinical manifestations, genotype and sweat chlorine level, and its evolution with topical steroid therapy. Methods: Clinical symptoms, sweat chlorine level and genotype were studied in 23 cystic fibrosis patients. Nasal polyps were diagnosed by nasal endoscopy and treated with topical steroids during 6 months, followed by a second nasal endoscopy. Fisher test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Nasal polyps were found in 39.1% of the patients (five bilateral, four unilateral), all older than six years, recurrent pneumonia in 82.6%, pancreatic insufficiency in 87% and malnutrition in 74%. No association was seen between nasal polyps and sweat chlorine level, genotype, clinical sings of severity and nasal symptoms. Seven patients improved in their nasal polyps with topical steroids, six showed complete resolution. Conclusion: The study showed a high incidence of nasal polyps in older children, who span the entire range of clinical severity, even in the absence of clinical nasal symptoms. Topical steroid therapy showed good results. An interaction among pediatricians and otolaryngologists is necessary for diagnosis and follow-up. 2008 © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. All Rights reserved.

Evolução da perda de peso entre indivíduos da fila de espera para a cirurgia bariátrica em um ambulatório multidisciplinar de atenção secundária à saúde

Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the assistance and analyze patient's adherence to nutritional follow-up while in the waiting line for bariatric surgery in a multidisciplinary, secondary healthcare outpatient clinic. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the nutritional records of 59 patients subjected to bariatric surgery at the Hospital das Clinics de Botucatu, from 2001 to 2008. The population studied was distributed into 8 groups and analyzed according to follow-up duration. The analysis took into account the evolution of body weight and the number of follow-up visits in a given period. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare data between groups while Spearman's coefficient was used to test correlations. Results: Among the 59 studied patients, 42 (71.2%) returned to the clinic at least once in six months. Of these, 67.8% lost weight while in the waiting line and 27.1% of them lost more than 10% of their body weight. The greatest weight losses in the preoperative period were found in the groups that had more than six months of nutrition follow-up. There was a mean delay of three months between return visits, which could have contributed to the low adherence to follow-up. Conclusion: The patients in the waiting line for surgery analyzed in this study presented low adherence to the long-spaced return visits. The greatest weight losses were observed in groups that had been followed for more than six months. This shows that, to achieve the desired weight loss and an adequate education process before surgery, at least six months of follow-up and regular visits are necessary.

Variabilidade temporal e mapeamento dos dados climáticos de Botucatu-SP

O trabalho teve objetivo estudar a variabilidade temporal da temperatura do ar, precipitação pluviométrica e umidade relativa do ar na cidade de Botucatu-SP, Brasil, utilizando técnicas geoestatísticas. Os dados de precipitação pluviométrica, temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar utilizados no presente estudo são provenientes da Estação Meteorológica da Fazenda Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas-UNESP. As observações foram realizadas no período de 1988 a 2007, referem-se ao total mensal de precipitação pluvial expressa em altura de lâmina d'água (mm), médias mensais de temperatura em ºC e umidade relativa em %. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da estatística clássica e geoestatística. As variáveis climáticas tiveram sua dependência verificada por variogramas, apresentando dependência temporal maior que 76%. A série temporal de umidade relativa do ar foi a que apresentou maior alcance (8,67 meses) e, conseqüentemente, maior estabilidade climática. O conhecimento da distribuição temporal das variáveis climáticas é importante para o estudo e realização do zoneamento agroclimático, bem como para o dimensionamento do sistema de irrigação das culturas.

Evolução geológica dos batólitos granitóides neoproterozóicos do sudeste do estado de são paulo

The Neoproterozoic granitogenesis related to the Central Mantiqueira Province comprise the calc alkaline to alkaline granitoid complexes of Sorocaba, San Francisco, São Roque, Ibiúna and Piedade. These complexes occur in a ruptil tectonic to tardi (Sn+3) event. The emplacement of the different facies in transtractives structures of the pull-apart type are characterized in the area by the main transcurrent shear zones of Taxaquara-Pirapora, Itu-Jundiuvira, Moreiras, Cangüera and Caucáia of ENE-WSW general direction. The massifs present complex internal architecture characterized by intrusions in restrict initial phase of intermediate equigranular nature. Also present a main phase of porfiroid monzo and sienogranite that fragments the previous phase, followed by lateral accretion of equi to inequigranular material, and in some cases by the accretion of late phases of circular bodies of porfiroid rapakivi granites, and a late to final phase of aplitic to pegmatitic composition. This magmatism grew with the intrusions of successive magmatic pulses, partially controlled by many reactivations of the shear zones. The REE also suggest that the magmatic phases are similar, synchronous and repetitive in four of the complexes in both domains, present in the São Francisco Complex. The crystallization starts from accretion processes, but compositionally quite different from the others. The variation in compositions and ages (TDM) for these granites reflect the derivation from different sources developed under different magmatic conditions, followed by processes of contamination that frequently occur in the crust.

Mapeamento de Paleosuperfícies associadas a identificação de depósitos supérgenos de cobre como ferramenta de exploração mineral na região de Itapeva e Ribeirão Branco- Vale do Ribeira, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A few examples of supergene ore formation and their interaction with morphogenesis (palaeosurfaces) and weathering mineralogy are discussed. Geomorphological and mineralogical records to characterize palaeosurfaces associate the weathering of primary minerals and their relationship with concentrations of cooper and iron ore deposits in southeastern state of São Paulo, Brazil. We have distinguished two palaeosurfaces generated by several weathering phases and controlled by the geological framework. The first and oldest upper palaeosurfaces (900 - 1000 m a.s.l.), situated in Riberão Branco (Alto do Brancal), were developed on silico-limestones. It is formed by typical iron laterites enriched by secondary products of cooper. The second and younger level palaeosurfaces located in Itapeva (Santa Blandina and Bairro do Sambra). This palaeosurface is formed by copper percolating through the weathered rock (saprolite). Other features can be observed like neo-formed products in laterites. They are classified into two types: clay like silico- cupriferous products (with noticeable amounts of iron) and copper minerals (crysocolla, in their flat slopes). These features allowed the presence of copper ores and their morphogenesis control will help in the exploration and prospecting of supergene ore mineral.