Ureteroscopy in Pregnant Women for Ureteral Stone

Introduction: The occurrence of urolithiasis in pregnancy represents a challenge in both diagnosis and treatment of this condition, because it presents risks not only to the mother but also to the fetus. Surgical treatment may be indicated for patients with infection, persistent pain, and obstruction of a solitary kidney. We present our experience on the management of pregnant patients with ureteral calculi and a review of the literature.Materials and Methods: The charts of 19 pregnant patients with obstructive ureteral calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Gestational age ranged from 13 to 33 weeks. In all patients, ureteral stone was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasound. In regard to localization, 15 calculi were in the distal ureter, 3 in the proximal ureter, and 1 in the interior of an ureterocele. Calculi size ranged from 6 to 10 mm (mean, 8 mm). The following criteria were used to indicate ureteroscopy: persistent pain with no improvement after clinical treatment, increase in renal dilation, or presence of uterine contractions. Nine patients (47.3%) were submitted to ureteroscopy. All calculi (100%) were removed with a stone basket extractor under continuous endoscopic vision. None of the calculi demanded the use of a lithotriptor.Results: Nine patients (47.3%) treated with clinical measurements presented no obstetric complications and spontaneous elimination of the calculi. Nine patients (47.3%) submitted to ureteroscopy had no surgical complications. There was remission of pain in all cases after ureteroscopy and ureteral catheter placement.Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of ureteral lithiasis in pregnant women present potential risks for the fetus and the mother. Conservative management is the first option, but ureteroscopy may be performed with safety and high success rates.

Experimental model of bladder instability in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: Propose a new experimental model of bladder instability in rabbits after partial bladder obstruction. MATERIALS and METHODS: Thirty North Folk male rabbits, weighting 1,700 to 2,820 g (mean: 2,162 g) were studied. The animals were distributed in 2 experimental groups, formed by 15 rabbits each: Group 1 - clinical control. In this group there was no surgical intervention; Group 2 - bladder outlet obstruction. In this group, after anesthetizing the animal, urethral cannulation with Foley catheter 10F was performed and then an adjustable plastic bracelet was passed around the bladder neck. It was then adjusted in order to not constrict the urethra. The following parameters were studied in M1 - pre-operative period; M2 - 4 weeks post-operatively moments: 1)- urine culture; 2)- cystometric study; 3)- serum creatinine and BUN. RESULTS: Bladder weight was 2.5 times larger in the group with obstruction than in the control group. Cystometric evaluation showed a significant increase in maximal vesical volume in the final moment at Group G2. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups studied. There was no statistically significant difference between maximal detrusor pressure and vesical compliance in the different moments or in the studied groups. There was an absence of uninhibited detrusor contractions in all the animals in group 1, and involuntary contractions were detected in 93% of group 2 animals. There was no significant variation in BUN and serum creatinine either among the groups or in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: We observed in the group with obstruction a bladder weight 2.5 higher than normal bladders. We detected involuntary contractions in 93% of the animals in group 2, establishing this experimental model as appropriate to secondary bladder instability and partial bladder outlet obstruction.

Lesions (ulcers and/or erosions) and desquamations location in the gastric mucosa from asymptomatic Quarter Horse foals: endoscopic survey

A úlcera gástrica figura como uma importante causa de desconforto abdominal em eqüinos jovens. de acordo com a localização das lesões na mucosa gástrica, a presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos e possíveis complicações resultantes de sua ocorrência, quatro síndromes clínicas são freqüentemente descritas em potros: 1) Úlceras assintomáticas ou silenciosas; 2) Úlceras sintomáticas ou ativas; 3) Úlceras perfuradas; e 4) Obstruções gástrica ou duodenal. Com o objetivo de se verificar a distribuição de lesões gástricas (úlceras e/ou erosões) e descamações do epitélio aglandular no estômago de eqüinos jovens assim como uma possível relação entre as alterações mencionadas (lesão/descamação) sessenta potros da raça Quarto de Milha não-portadores de sinais clínicos compatíveis com úlceras gástricas foram submetidos à gastroscopia. Os potros foram divididos em quatro faixas etárias de 15 animais cada uma, sendo: 1 a 30 dias, 31 a 60 dias, 61 a 90 dias e 91 a 120 dias de idade. As lesões ocorreram em ordem decrescente de freqüência nas regiões aglandular próximo ao margo plicatus ao longo da curvatura maior, aglandular próximo à cárdia ao longo da curvatura menor, fundo glandular e aglandular e antro. As descamações do epitélio aglandular ocorreram de forma similar nas regiões de fundo e margo plicatus. Não houve associação entre a ocorrência de lesões e descamações.

Espécies reativas do oxigênio e as doenças respiratórias em grandes animais

As espécies reativas do oxigênio (ERO) são moléculas instáveis e extremamente reativas capazes de transformar outras moléculas com as quais colidem. As ERO são geradas em grande quantidade durante o estresse oxidativo, condição em que são afetadas moléculas como proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos e ácido nucleicos. Neste trabalho, são discutidos os principais conceitos sobre os radicais livres e as ERO: principais tipos, sua formação e a forma como atuam sobre as estruturas celulares, provocando lesão tecidual significativa. Os principais sistemas de defesa antioxidantes e a influência do aumento na produção dessas ERO no trato respiratório de grandes animais também são discutidos, dando ênfase ao envolvimento das ERO em doenças como a pneumonia em ruminantes e na obstrução recorrente das vias aéreas e a hemorragia pulmonar induzida por exercício em equinos.

Papilomatose oral em cães: revisão da literatura e estudo de doze casos

Canine papillomatosis is an infectious viral disease characterized by oral, cutaneous or ocular papillomas, usually benign. The treatment is indicated in animals, with multiple tumors that produce pharyngeal obstruction, and problems, of eating or for aesthetic reasons. Different treatment protocols have been proposed, including surgical excision, cryosurgery, electro surgery, autogenous or recombinant vaccines, imunomodulators drugs, systemic and intralesional chemotherapy. In this study were reviewed the more important aspects of canine oral papillomatosis. In the 12 studied animals, the papillomas were observed predominantly in mouth, gum and palate regions, in puppies until 12 months, presenting combined infection with ehrlichiosis. The treatment using Propionibacterium acnes and/or autogenous vaccine showed efficacy in eight dogs (66.7%).

Trombectomia com cateter de Fogarty no tratamento da tromboflebite jugular experimental em eqüinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos clínicos, ultra-sonográficos e venográficos da tromboflebite jugular experimental em equinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relationship between disease severity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Simulation results and applications of an advection bounded scheme to practical flows

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Performance comparisons of the kicking of stationary and rolling balls in a futsal context

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, laser therapy and LED therapy on the masticatory system and the impact on sleep variables in cerebral palsy patients: a randomized, five arms clinical trial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Theory of small aspect ratio waves in deep water

In the limit of small values of the aspect ratio parameter (or wave steepness) which measures the amplitude of a surface wave in units of its wave-length, a model equation is derived from the Euler system in infinite depth (deep water) without potential flow assumption. The resulting equation is shown to sustain periodic waves which on the one side tend to the proper linear limit at small amplitudes, on the other side possess a threshold amplitude where wave crest peaking is achieved. An explicit expression of the crest angle at wave breaking is found in terms of the wave velocity. By numerical simulations, stable soliton-like solutions (experiencing elastic interactions) propagate in a given velocities range on the edge of which they tend to the peakon solution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Superfluid Fermi-Fermi mixture: Phase diagram, stability, and soliton formation

We study the phase diagram for a dilute Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid Fermi-Fermi mixture (of distinct mass) at zero temperature using energy densities for the superfluid fermions in one (1D), two (2D), and three (3D) dimensions. We also derive the dynamical time-dependent nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equation satisfied by the mixture in one dimension using this energy density. We obtain the linear stability conditions for the mixture in terms of fermion densities of the components and the interspecies Fermi-Fermi interaction. In equilibrium there are two possibilities. The first is that of a uniform mixture of the two components, the second is that of two pure phases of two components without any overlap between them. In addition, a mixed and a pure phase, impossible in 1D and 2D, can be created in 3D. We also obtain the conditions under which the uniform mixture is stable from an energetic consideration. The same conditions are obtained from a modulational instability analysis of the dynamical equations in 1D. Finally, the 1D dynamical equations for the system are solved numerically and by variational approximation (VA) to study the bright solitons of the system for attractive interspecies Fermi-Fermi interaction in 1D. The VA is found to yield good agreement to the numerical result for the density profile and chemical potential of the bright solitons. The bright solitons are demonstrated to be dynamically stable. The experimental realization of these Fermi-Fermi bright solitons seems possible with present setups.

Darboux-Egoroff metrics, rational Landau-Ginzburg potentials and the Painleve VI equation

We present a class of three-dimensional integrable structures associated with the Darboux-Egoroff metric and classical Euler equations of free rotations of a rigid body. They are obtained as canonical structures of rational Landau-Ginzburg potentials and provide solutions to the Painleve VI equation.

On the asymptotic behavior of effective QED at finite temperature

The aim of this paper is to study finite temperature effects in effective quantum electrodynamics using Weisskopf's zero-point energy method in the context of thermo, field dynamics. After a general calculation for a weak magnetic field at fixed T, the asymptotic behavior of the Euler-Kockel-Heisenberg Lagrangian density is investigated focusing on the regularization requirements in the high temperature limit. In scalar QED the same problem is also discussed.