168 resultados para Consistent and asymptotically normal estimators


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The spondylothoracic dysplasia syndrome is characterized by congenital malformations of vertebrae and ribs. As a consequence of the anomalous development of the vertebral column, the neck and thorax are short, and the normal head looks as if emerging from the shoulders. The thorax is short and asymmetric with an increased anteroposterior diameter. Dorsolumbar lordosis and a protuberant abdomen are present. The extremities though normal in length appear long relative to the shortened trunk. Short stature results from the vertebral abnormalities. The syndrome was seen in 2 siblings of nonconsanguineous parents.

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Two wafers of the NIST (formerly NBS) glass standard SRM 612 recently irradiated have been compared to the pre-irradiated wafers RT3 and RT4 of glass SRM 962-7, stored for 9 years at 5°C, and SRM 962, stored for 20 years at room temperature. Track area densities on internal surfaces of the glass as well as track size measurements suggest that (1) the old SRM 962 and the more recent SRM 962a calibrations are consistent and (2) annealing of the fission tracks in the pre-irradiated wafers is negligible. This last experimental result enables a direct comparison of contemporary and previous fission track age calibrations. © 1995.

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Phytophthora nicotianae was added to pasteurized soil at the rate of 500 laboratory-produced chlamydospores per gram of soil and exposed to temperatures ranging from 35 to 53°C for 20 days. The time required to reduce soil populations to residual levels (0.2 propagule per gram of soil or less) decreased with increasing temperatures. Addition of cabbage residue to the soil reduced the time required to inactivate chlamydo spores. Temperature regimes were established to simulate daily temperature changes observed in the field, with a high temperature of 47°C for 3 h/day, and were good estimators of the efficacy of soil solarization for the control of P. nicotianae in soil. Cabbage amendment reduced the time required to inactivate chlamydospores of P. nicotianae and its effect was more pronounced at lower temperature regimes.

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Excluded volume effects are incorporated in the quark-meson coupling model to take into account in a phenomenological way the hard-core repulsion of the nuclear force. The formalism employed is thermodynamically consistent and does not violate causality. The effects of the excluded volume on in-medium nucleon properties and the nuclear matter equation of state are investigated as a function of the size of the hard core. It is found that in-medium nucleon properties are not altered significantly by the excluded volume, even for large hard-core radii, and the equation of state becomes stiffer as the size of the hard core increases.

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The Ag-NOR staining technique and image analysis were used to evaluate morphological parameters (area, perimeter and axis ratio) in nucleoli from normal thyroids and from thyroids bearing proliferating lesions (carcinomas, adenomas and hyperplasias). Regions with normal appearance located close to adenomatous and carcinomatous regions, in the thyroid of every patient, were also analyzed for comparison with the respective pathological regions and with normal thyroids. Statistical analysis of data for the nucleolar area and perimeter allowed the separation of adenomas and carcinomas from hyperplasias and normal tissue but not the two components in each of these two groups. However, if we look at the numbers, a sequence of increasing nucleolar mean areas in the order: normal, hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma may be observed, indicating the sequence of increasing rRNA requirements in these different kinds of cells. The axis ratio that denotes the nucleolar shape (round or oblong) did not show significant differences among tissues, suggesting that shape is not important in the characterization of these pathologies. Differences in nucleolar areas and perimeter between normal and affected regions from each patient were statistically significant for adenomas and carcinomas. When these normal regions were compared with the normal thyroids, significant differences were not obtained in the three evaluated parameters. The observations and their importance for histopathological diagnosis are discussed.

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Objective: To compare the performance of patients with complex partial epilepsy with the normal controls in the subtests of an instrument used to assess intelligence function. Method: Fifty epileptic patients, whose ages ranged from 19 to 49 years and 20 normal controls without any neuropsychiatric disorders. The Wechsler-Bellevue adult intelligence test was applied in groups, epileptic patients and control subjects. This test is composed of several subtests that assess specific cognitive functions. A statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. Results: All the Wechsler-Bellevue subtests revealed that the intelligence functions of the patients were significantly inferior to that of the controls (p<0.05). This performance was supported by the patient's complaints in relation to their cognitive performance. Conclusion: Patients with complex partial epilepsy presented poorer results in the intelligence test when compared with individuals without neuropsychiatric disorders.

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About 99% of mechanical failures are consequence of the phenomena of fatigue, which consists on the progressive weakening of the resistant section of a mechanical component due to the growing of cracks caused by fluctuating loadings. A broad diversity of factors influences the fatigue life of a mechanical component, like the surface finishing, scale factors, among others, but none is as significantly as the presence of geometric severities. Stress concentrators are places where fatigue cracks have a greater probability to occur, and so on, the intuit of this work is to develop a consistent and trustfully methodology to determine the theoretical stress concentration factor of mechanical components. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

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It was purposed the use of electromyography (EMG) to evaluate the activation of the agonists and antagonists muscles of spastic patients, to test the viability in the development of an instrument that given quantitative data of the patient spasticity. 30 hemiplegic and 15 normal volunteers had been submitted to the EMG of flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles during the flexion and extension movements of the wrist. The individuals with less severe spasticity (mAS (modified Ashworth Scale) ringing 0 to 3 degree), had presented deficit in the activation of the flexor muscles in plegic side in relation to the non plegic side and that the individuals seriously compromised by the spasticity (mAS = 4 degree) present deficit of reciprocal inhibition. One evidenced is that the non plegic member does not present a similar neuro-motor comportment when compared to the normal member. The surface electromyography is a practical clinical instrument to evaluate the patient with spasticity and the hemiplegic patient needs to be evaluated on both sides (deficient and no deficient) because the no compromised side do not show a normality standard.

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The epidemiological surveys are important to the deployment, implementation and evaluation of projects and health actions in a community. The planning, goals, samples, team training/calibration, carrying out and publication of results are extremely important in the epidemiological surveys. Thus, the care with the sample and statistical analysis is fundamental for the results to be consistent and trustworthy in order to be able to be inferred for all the population. The aims of this study is to investigate the statistical methodology used in papers on dental caries epidemiological surveys published from 1960 to 2001. A bibliographical survey was carried out in BBO, MEDLINE and SCIELO databases. The papers found were analyzed with regards to the statistical methodology applied in the whole study, from the sampling to the tabling of data. Most studies (72.6%) only presented the number of elements that composed the sample, without explaining the planning involved in obtaining it.

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Clinical studies on nasal topical medications require the standardization of nasosinusal normality in order to establish control groups through a specific evaluation of the upper airways. Aim: to standardize the evaluation of candidates for control groups in clinical studies on nasal topical medications. Material and Methods: healthy male volunteers of 18 to 50 years of age, asymptomatic from the nasosinusal standpoint were subjected to a sequential and excluding assessment made up of clinical evaluation, immediate hypersensitivity skin test, saccharin test, flexible nasofibroscopy and nasal cytology. Study design: Crosssectional contemporary cohort. Results: Of the 33 people originally enrolled, 14 (42.4%) were excluded for clinical reasons. Of the 19 remaining, 2 (10.5%) had atopy diagnosed in the skin test and were excluded. 17 were tested with saccharin and presented normal mucociliary clearance. Evaluation by nasal endoscopy showed abnormality in 2 cases (11.8%) and these were excluded. The remaining 15 were submitted to nasal cytology, which proved normal, representing 45.5% of those initially included. Conclusion: The proposed protocol for sequential and excluding evaluation was effective in defining candidates for the establishment of control groups in clinical studies on nasal topical medications. © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. All Rights reserved.

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This study aimed to evaluate crambe seeds germination and vigor under water stress conditions induced by polyethylene glycol solutions. The seeds were germinated on substrate moistened with polyethylene glycol solutions, using the osmotic potentials of 0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2 and -1.4 MPa. The seeds germination was evaluated by normal seedlings and root emission percentages. Vigor was evaluated by germination average time, relative frequency, velocity and synchronization index. It was observed that more negative osmotic potential caused significant reduction in crambe seed germination and vigor, and no normal seedlings was observed at potentials below -0.6 MPa.

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Juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were fed to apparent satiation twice daily with purified diets containing 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/kg and 0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 mg/kg of thiamin in separate 14- and 8-wk trials (Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Fish fed the diet devoid of thiamin developed neurological disorders, anorexia, reduced growth, and feed efficiency and increased mortality (Experiment 2 only) within 4-6 and 8-10 wk for Experiments 2 and 1, respectively. Low red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in fish fed the thiamin-deficient diet. Serum pyruvate was elevated in fish fed the thiamin unsupplemented diet. Serum lactate was not affected by dietary thiamin levels. Whole body protein was unaffected by dietary levels of thiamin. Body moisture and ash increased whereas body lipid decreased in fish fed the thiamin unsupplemented diets. None of these abnormalities were observed in fish fed the thiamin-supplemented diets. Using the response curves determined by PROC NLMIXED to estimate dietary thiamin levels required for various response variables, a dietary thiamin level of 3.5 mg/kg diet was adequate for optimum growth, feed intake and efficiency, survival, prevention of neurological symptoms, and maintaining normal levels of RBC, Ht, serum pyruvate, and proximate body composition. © 2011.

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The use of cooling, without using adequate hygienic practices in primary milk production, allows for the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms that produce the thermoresistant lipases that give milk a rancid flavor. This study aimed to verify how the variation in temperature influences the lipolytic metabolism of the psychrotrophic organisms. Samples of raw milk were collected and submitted to laboratorial analysis as follows: psychrotrophic bacteria count, lipolytic bacteria count, and free fatty acids dosage. Each sample was divided into 3 aliquots and then incubated at 4, 8, and 12 °C, respectively. For each temperature, analyses were repeated after 12, 24, and 48 h of storage. Despite the psychrotrophs growth increase, according to temperature rise, the lipolytic metabolism was not consistent and presented the lower index at 8 °C, suggesting an intensification of the proteolytic compensatory activity at this temperature. © 2013 Institute of Food Technologists®.

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In this article, we investigate the geometry of quasi homogeneous corank one finitely determined map germs from (ℂn+1, 0) to (ℂn, 0) with n = 2, 3. We give a complete description, in terms of the weights and degrees, of the invariants that are associated to all stable singularities which appear in the discriminant of such map germs. The first class of invariants which we study are the isolated singularities, called 0-stable singularities because they are the 0-dimensional singularities. First, we give a formula to compute the number of An points which appear in any stable deformation of a quasi homogeneous co-rank one map germ from (ℂn+1, 0) to (ℂn, 0) with n = 2, 3. To get such a formula, we apply the Hilbert's syzygy theorem to determine the graded free resolution given by the syzygy modules of the associated iterated Jacobian ideal. Then we show how to obtain the other 0-stable singularities, these isolated singularities are formed by multiple points and here we use the relation among them and the Fitting ideals of the discriminant. For n = 2, there exists only the germ of double points set and for n = 3 there are the triple points, named points A1,1,1 and the normal crossing between a germ of a cuspidal edge and a germ of a plane, named A2,1. For n = 3, there appear also the one-dimensional singularities, which are of two types: germs of cuspidal edges or germs of double points curves. For these singularities, we show how to compute the polar multiplicities and also the local Euler obstruction at the origin in terms of the weights and degrees. © 2013 Pushpa Publishing House.

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Self-compatibility in apomictic pseudogamic species is considered fundamental to assure reproduction by seeds in extreme situations, making apomictic species more advantageous than sexual ones in these scenarios. Anemopaegma acutifolium is a polyploidy, apomictic sporophytic species with no endosperm development in ovules of unpollinated pistils, which indicates obligate pseudogamy. Thus, the aim of the present work is to study the breeding system and post-pollination events to test if there is similar pseudogamous development irrespective of pollination treatment. We analysed fruit and seed set obtained in controlled experimental pollinations, as well as embryo number per seed, and the progress of ovule penetration, fertilisation and early endosperm development between self- and cross-pollinated pistils. We found that the species is self-fertile and that spontaneous selfing fruit set is also possible, although emasculated flowers never form fruits. Selfed pistils were as efficient as crossed ones for all parameters analysed, except for a delay in endosperm development observed in the former that may be an effect of the late-acting self-incompatibility. Therefore, the avoidance of selfed pistil abortion seems to be promoted by the presence of adventitious embryos and a normal endosperm. We conclude that A. acutifolium shows apomixis-related pseudo-self-compatibility, as in other self-fertile apomictic species of Bignoniaceae, which confer reproductive assurance and increases fruit-set and persistence ability in fast-changing tropical habitats. © 2012 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.