173 resultados para Argamassa : Materiais : Construção civil
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The construction industry is booming, and the federal government is heavily financially supporting public housing. This scenario is very favorable for the development of construction materials, especially low-cost construction. Thus, this study aims to develop a new class of unfired clay masonry bricks: GGBS stabilized bricks. Studies show that the ground granulated blast furnace slag, a material used as raw material in cement manufacture, can be used together with calcium oxide in soil stabilization for the manufacture of bricks. This study aims to test and identify the best parameters for the manufacture of unfired bricks, adapting its composition to the materials found in Brazil and identify the optimum curing conditions for our climate. So far preliminary studies were done to verify the technical feasibility of the material. Future studies should be done to ascertain the economic feasibility and environmental gains of such material
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O presente trabalho consiste em demonstrar valores referentes ao conforto ambiental de dois modelos construtivos, sendo o primeiro um edifício já executado e o outro em fase de implantação, ambos no Campus Experimental de Itapeva, aplicando alguns conceitos em habitação mais sustentáveis de madeira na região de Itapeva, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A edificação construída sedia duas salas de aula a partir da tipologia construtiva wood frame, constituída basicamente de paredes autoportantes compostas de ossatura de madeira tratada de pinus.sp, chapas estruturais em OSB, manta de isolamento térmico/acústico e fechamento interno e externo, respectivamente em gesso e sidding (lambris de madeira). A habitação em fase de início de implantação foi idealizada a partir da tipologia construtiva log-home, e atenderá a necessidade de espaço físico para abrigar o Centro Acadêmico e a empresa-júnior “PROMAD”, ambos do curso de Engenharia Industrial Madeireira do Campus Experimental da UNESP/Itapeva. Esta construção foi elaborada a partir de técnicas de baixo impacto ambiental, levando em consideração os resultados de análise térmica obtidos na edificação anterior. Em ambos modelos construtivos foram empregados recursos renováveis abundantes na região, como a madeira de reflorestamento de Pinus e de Eucalipto. Foi acrescentado ainda ao segundo modelo a utilização de resíduos industriais lignocelulósicos, como rolete de laminação e outros materiais locais disponíveis. A metodologia básica empregada para a obtenção de dados sobre o conforto térmico em relação as edificações foi, para o primeiro caso, a coleta de dados de temperatura e umidade utilizando um termo-higrômetro, a sistematização e análise de dados reais obtidos no interior da edificação. No segundo caso, o dimensionamento do conforto térmico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The search for a more aware use of available raw materials has led to a need to create more sustainable products. The use of natural fibers to reinforce cement, for instance, has been widely studied in the past decades because of the possibility that they can improve material properties such as thermal resistance and to compression, besides conferring a decrease in their total weight. This present study aimed at to conduct preliminary studies on the thermal resistance of the composite cement - Cellulose Pulp, using waste from the pulp and paper industry. Through experiments, it was found that the composite manufactured using the ratio 30 % Portland cement and 70 % pulp, showed satisfactory results regarding its thermal resistance, so it could be considered as a potential thermal insulation material, for use in constructions
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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The progressive growth of the population and the increase of sewage generated has demanded of society and public policies that, besides the collection network deployment is carried out the treatment and proper disposal of treated sewage in all brazilian municipalities. The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the work of implementation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Guaratinguetá city of São Paulo state, to identify the compliance with legal requirements and the NBR 12,209/2011. The construction of this ETE met all the requirements of NBR 12209/2011 and benefited a large portion of population with the sewage treatment. Based on the results of this assessment it was concluded that the construction of a STP is relatively simple, differing only on the legal requirements related to the location, area for the construction and materials used in the work. The knowledge generated in this study will assist the public policies in the implementation of STPs in municipalities that do not yet have this basic sanitation
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS
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With the growth of settlements and the consequent rise in civilian buildings, there was a need to allocate appropriately the waste arising from construction and demolition. Failure to meet the standards set about building waste generate social, economic and environmental impacts of remediation difficult. This study aimed to attend the importance of holding management programs involving the waste of construction and demolition at the University by the resulting environmental, economic and social benefits, and analysis of the main stages of Waste Management of Construction and Demolition, whose based on the National Solid Waste Policy, as well as verification of the importance of implementing these steps in the design of works, assisting in future studies of this type of waste and the problems accompanying the University
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Due to the huge impact negative on the environmental caused by the civil construction, the university plays a majorital role in the proposal of studies and projects that aim the sustainable building. Nowadays, it has been noted the great demand for projects which contain a systemic focus in the tripod of the sustainable development, that is to say, more and more the consumers are demanding that the final result of a project contemplate the social, economic and environmental areas. According to the National Industry Confederation (CNI) and the Brazilian Chamber of the Industry and the Construction (CBIS), the goal for 2020 is that the constructions have an environmental performance 20% higher in comparison to the actual one, starting with an index defined by many indicators, such as: water consumption, energy, residues generation and social-environmental performance of the bought products. In this case, the theme of the project comes around the adequation of scholar institutions to the sustainable construction through simple changes of tecnologies and habits aiming the growth of the environmental eficiency of the enterprise and, consequently, the improve of sustainable practices inside the institution. Once the change is proposed, it will be furnished datas liable of reproduction for the adequation of others scholar institutions, according to it's necessity or interest. After the realization of the studies, it was possible to notice that the environmental performance of a scholar institution can be improved through the implantation of tecnologies of fast return in the investment, such as: flow reducers, rain water reuse system, green roof, retrofit of lamps and execution of a photovoltaic system. Besides the fast return of investment, the monthly economy of the applied tecnologies combined can reach 75% when compared to the actual spending with water and electric energy
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Introdução: Os processos industriais geram grandes quantidades de resíduos, representando um grande desperdício de matéria prima e causando impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. No caso dos resíduos gerados pelas fábricas de pás eólicas para aerogeradores de Sorocaba-S.P., eles podem ser reaproveitados na incorporação em cimento Portland. O interesse é utilizá-los na construção civil como blocos sem fins estruturais para construção de muros, guias, calçadas, pisos, etc. Os corpos confeccionados devem obedecer às normas técnicas brasileiras e as suas propriedades relativas à resistência, compressão, absorção de água e distribuição espacial dos resíduos nestes corpos devem ser avaliadas. Objetivos: Devido à importância de se conhecer as propriedades dos corpos produzidos com a incorporação de resíduos de pás eólicas, este trabalho faz uma avaliação através de imagens de raios X de sua distribuição espacial para verificar a viabilidade do emprego desta técnica no estudo da incorporação de resíduos para, futuramente, em conjunto com outras pesquisas que estão sendo realizadas, verificar a relação desta distribuição com as propriedades mecânicas dos corpos produzidos. Métodos: Objetivando a incorporação desse resíduo como substituto parcial dos agregados miúdos em argamassa, foram fabricados corpos de prova (CPs) seguindo as normas da ABNT-NBR 5738. Todos os corpos foram desmoldados após 24 horas de sua confecção e imersos em água por 28 dias para a cura. Utilizou-se o traço 3:1, areia e cimento, em relação a massa dos componentes, ou seja, para cada 300 g de areia adicionou-se 100 g de cimento. Na confecção de argamassa com resíduo utilizou-se o mesmo traço, porém com a substituição de parte da areia pelo resíduo. Foram fabricados CPs com 5%, 15%, 50% e 0% de resíduo para que este sirva de referência. Como os corpos possuem um formato cilíndrico, foram obtidas imagens em duas projeções: frontal e superior utilizando um equipamento digital com os seguintes parâmetros: 83 kVp e 16 mAs e, 85 kVp e 30 mAs, respectivamente. Resultados: As imagens mostram que na projeção frontal é possível verificar que a distribuição do resíduo nos corpos é homogênea, o que pode proporcionar uniformidade nos resultados de testes de resistência à compressão que serão realizados futuramente. Porém, na projeção superior ainda será necessário um estudo dos parâmetros que deverão ser utilizados no equipamento de raios X para melhorar a sua qualidade. Além disso, métodos de processamento digital de imagens poderão ser aplicados nas imagens para auxiliar na visualização dos resíduos incorporados. Também pode ser visto nas imagens que a forma utilizada para a incorporação do resíduo resulta na sua distribuição uniforme, compatível com o que se deseja neste tipo de incorporação.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management
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The civil construction sector has been stimulated to industrialize itself by the adoption of Lean Construction practices in its constructive process. Given this fact, this research verify and identify Lean Tools and the level of application of these Tools in construction companies in the State of São Paulo, in order to be able to notice which Lean Concepts generate the highest benefits to these companies. The research method used was a survey applied only between construction companies that have some type of quality certificate. From the results, a data analysis was made in order to note the constructor's situation in relation to Lean Construction and, based on this analysis, verify the impact of the Lean Principles on the competitiveness of these companies and on the business performance. This way, it was possible to note a high level of application the Lean Tools by the responding companies. It also became clear, by means of this work: the strong influence of the concepts of Flow, of Continuous Improvement and of methods of prevention and resolutions of problems on the overall companies performance
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The presented work aimed to present the Modular Construction scenario, relating it to the fundamentals assumptions on the Modular Coordination Theory. The presentation of this theory, its historical development, its scope and tools, were conceived to further, show how the applicability on the conceptual and design phases is done. Also, studies cases are shown, in order to illustrate didactically how this process occurs. Basing on these studies, considerations are made about the use of modulation in projects in Brazil, at the expense of what happens on the international scenario, to highlight the importance of Modular Coordination for raising the standards of construction quality and rationality in the country