Aspectos computacionais para inferência na distribuição gama generalizada

Pós-graduação em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional - FCT

Effect of sex and seasons of the year on hematologic and serum biochemical variables of captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

The Brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is the most common free-living and captive deer in South America, especially in Brazil, and has great ecological and scientific significance. However, data on hematological and biochemical parameters in brown brocket deer are scarce. The goal of this study was to establish reference ranges for hematological and biochemical parameters of Mazama gouazoubira, comparing differences during the seasons of the year and between sex. Blood samples from ten adult healthy brown brocket deer (6 female and 4 male) were collected during daytime, monthly, during 12 months. The animals were maintained in individual stable, protected from noise and fed ad libitum with commercial ration and green fodder. For blood collection, animals were submitted to physical restrain for no longer than 2 minutes. The following parameters were determined: red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), total protein (TP), albumin, cholesterol, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triglycerides, creatinine and urea. Values were compared according to season and sex. RBC count, WBC count and MCV suggested seasonal influence. Haemoglobin concentration, PCV and MCV were influenced by sex. Serum concentration of total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium were influenced by season. Serum magnesium was also influenced by sex. The blood parameters herein reported may be useful as reference values for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in captive brown-brocket deer.

Conexão florestal em áreas mais favoráveis à infiltração na APA Botucatu-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Segundo tumor em pacientes com neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Análise socioeconômica e ambiental das populações tradicionais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) dos Quilombos de Barra do Turvo e Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Planalto do Turvo, Mosaico de Jacupiranga/SP

As Unidades de Conservação são sub-divididas em duas categorias: Proteção Integral, com objetivos de manutenção do ecossistema livre da interferência humana na qual é permitido apenas o uso indireto; e de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que tem por objetivo equilibrar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. O Parque de Jacupiranga era localizado na região sul do estado de São Paulo, denominada Vale do Ribeira, sendo criado em 1961 com aproximadamente 141 mil ha e cerca de 8 mil moradores presentes no seu interior, incluindo comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas, e agricultores migrantes de outros estados. O mosaico de Jacupiranga foi criado em 2008, com o objetivo de atender reivindicações dos moradores que sofriam restrições de suas atividades por estar dentro de uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, com isso, o antigo PEJ sofreu a recategorização, e foram criadas 3 unidades de proteção integral e 7 de uso sustentável na antiga área do parque. O objetivo foi analisar as mudanças socioeconômicas e ambientais das famílias que sofreram com a recategorização do antigo Parque Estadual do Jacupiranga para a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS) dos Quilombos de Barra do Turvo e a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Planalto do Turvo, Mosaico de Jacupiranga/SP, onde a legislação ambiental permite a presença de moradores bem como suas atividades de subsistência. A coleta de dados foi feita pelo processo de entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com 12 moradores escolhidos por indicação dos próprios moradores das áreas tanto da APA quando da RDS. Com isso, pode-se observar uma maior liberdade nas atividades de uso da terra praticadas pelos moradores, contudo, mesmo com a recategorização, os investimentos públicos locais não são suficientes para propiciar uma boa qualidade de vida para as famílias das áreas analisadas

Necrose Asséptica da cabeça do fêmur

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a non-inflammatory aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur that is found in both young animals and humans before the gap in the femur head closes. In the fields of both human and veterinary medicine the cause of this condition is not known for certain. Various factors have been put forward in the literature as being responsible for the incidence of this condition such as: abnormalities in coagulation, changes in blood flow in the arteries, a septic obstruction in the draining of the epiphysis or the upper parts of the femur, trauma, growth cycle, hyperactivity in a child, genetic influences and dietary factors. Case histories in dogs show that the first stages of the condition progress slowly but that limping or putting weight on the limb worsens at 6 to 8 weeks. Some owners talk about a sharp onset in clinical lameness. Other clinical symptoms may include irritability, loss of appetite and knawing at the hair surrounding the affected hip. In the course of physical examination manipulating the hip joint will cause pain to the animal. The advanced stages of the disease may result in restricted amplitude of movement, muscular atrophy and fracturing. In humans the clinical signs are similar, although progression of the disease is slower so that it can be diagnosed at an earlier stage. In veterinary medicine the diagnosis is, in the main, based on case history, clinical symptoms, physical examination and certain related procedures such as radiography. The various diagnoses include physical trauma and dislocation of the medial patella. In human medicine many people have been correctly diagnosed. Whatsmore, there is a range of related procedures that are virtually not available to veterinary medicine such as magnetic nuclear resonance, that show up necroses with great clarity before radiography and cintilography do, and is considered... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Produtores de Água na Microbacia do Manancial Córrego do Veado – Presidente Venceslau, São Paulo: potencialidades em questão

The programs Water Producer and Water Mine are the starting point for the research, whose the main objective is to develop a study on the necessity and possibility to forming water producers in the Veado Creek Watershed Deer, located in Presidente Venceslau - Sao Paulo, in order to improve the quality and quantity of water from the spring. To this end, the implementation of programs in the spring, especially the Water Mine, developed by the State of Sao Paulo, could help change the situation in which degradation is the area of the watershed. The main methodological procedures were performed: survey and literature review, interviews with employees SEAAMA, CATI, interview with the president of the Association of Owners of Rural Watershed of Deer Creek; interview with landowners of the Fountain Creek Watershed Deer; work in the search field at the landfill to the DAE and the Association of Collectors of Recycled. We are dealing with issues such as the importance of the Code of forests with regard to the protection of water resources, decentralized management and participatory of water resources, Payment by Environmental Services, production of water, characterization and diagnosis of the environmental Microbacia of Wealth Córrego do Veado, sanitation of the municipality of Presidente Venceslau. Analyzed the current situation of the watershed of the spring, highlighting the main actions that have been performed by the municipality through the watershed program of the State of São Paulo City Hall and through the resources FEHIDRO. The obtained results allowed to demonstrate the need and the possibility of setting up the Project Mine Of Water in the watershed of the fountain and the interest of owners interviewed by adherence to the Project and the protection of the source

SPECT (Single photon emission tomography): Gama câmara, reconstrução tomográfica e características funcional

The SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) systems are part of a medical image acquisition technology which has been outstanding, because the resultant images are functional images complementary to those that give anatomic information, such as X-Ray CT, presenting a high diagnostic value. These equipments acquire, in a non-invasive way, images from the interior of the human body through tomographic mapping of radioactive material administered to the patient. The SPECT systems are based on the Gamma Camera detection system, and one of them being set on a rotational gantry is enough to obtain the necessary data for a tomographic image. The images obtained from the SPECT system consist in a group of flat images that describe the radioactive distribution on the patient. The trans-axial cuts are obtained from the tomographic reconstruction techniques. There are analytic and iterative methods to obtain the tomographic reconstruction. The analytic methods are based on the Fourier Cut Theorem (FCT), while the iterative methods search for numeric solutions to solve the equations from the projections. Within the analytic methods, the filtered backprojection (FBP) method maybe is the simplest of all the tomographic reconstruction techniques. This paper's goal is to present the operation of the SPECT system, the Gamma Camera detection system, some tomographic reconstruction techniques and the requisites for the implementation of this system in a Nuclear Medicine service

Densitometria óssea de cães SRD utilizando radiação gama

A proposta desse trabalho surgiu da possibilidade de unir metodologias eficientes para estabelecer valores mais precisos de densitometria óssea. A densidade óssea é um parâmetro biofísico de grande importância experimental e clínica, que permite avaliar o processo de mineralização óssea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade óssea e o coeficiente de atenuação de massa da radiação gama com o radioisótopo 241Am com fotopico de 59,6 keV em rádios de cães SRD (Sem Raça Definida). Conclui-se a que a densidade média das amostras foi de 1,91 g/cm³ com um desvio padrão de 0,0599. Para o coeficiente de atenuação de massa, o valor médio foi de 0,241 cm2/g, com desvio padrão de 0,0151. Para ambos os parâmetros o coeficiente de variação foi pequeno implicando em uma baixa dispersão. Isso também demonstra que os métodos aplicados foram eficientes e de fácil aplicabilidade

Avaliação da influência da esterilização por radiação gama nas propriedades mecânicas, estruturais e na biocompatibilidade de matrizes híbridas orgânico-inorgânicas

Atualmente, as pesquisas acadêmicas e industriais não estão voltadas apenas para a descoberta de novos fármacos, mas também para novas maneiras de administração de medicamentos pretendendo obter melhores ações farmacológicas alem de reduzir efeitos colaterais. Partindo deste pressuposto, estudos demonstram que inúmeras moléculas podem ser incorporadas a polímeros híbridos orgânico-inorgânico preparados pelo processo sol-gel, assim pretende-se estudar a possibilidade de sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de liberação controlada de fármacos na forma de implantes subcutâneos. As matrizes hibridas para serem implantadas devem, necessariamente, ser estéreis. Para isto este trabalho analisa a interação entre o processo de esterilização e uma provável alteração estrutural nestes polímeros. A esterilização por calor úmido em autoclave e a esterilização por radiação gama foram escolhidas para analisar a correlação entre alteração estrutural do hibrido e o processo de eliminação de microorganismos. Outro aspecto que levamos em consideração foi a melhora das características mecânicas das matrizes poliméricas confeccionadas com poli óxido etileno de peso molecular 1900 (POE 1900) e poli óxido propileno de peso molecular 400 (POP 400). Para serem implantadas estas matrizes devem estar uniformes, e não podem trincar ou quebrar antes ou após a implantação. Considerando estes fatores foi adicionado as amostras um agente plastificante, o álcool polivinílico (PVA), na tentativa de melhorar estas características

Transformação da paisagem da área de preservação ambiental APA no Município de Botucatu-SP

The Environmental Protection Areas (EPA) are a type of sustainable use conservation unit, therefore its territory have public and private areas. To establish and reorganize the use of EPA’s territory, aiming the environment conservation along with human actions, it is necessary a management plan that should be conducted within five years from the date of its creation. The EPA Botucatu, established in 1983, does not have its management plan completed until the present day. The consequences of lack of organization about the use and occupation of its territory can be observed in a comparative study of territorial classification between the years 1985 and 2010, which was the objective of this study. As a result, it could be observed the decrease of the remaining fragments and intense fragmentation of them, pointing to the need for projects that aim the restoration, conservation and connectivity between these fragments and the subsequent application

Gama Câmara CZT: alteração de paradigmas em aquisição de imagens de medicina nuclear

Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty related to imagery that deals with imaging techniques, diagnosis and therapy, allowing observing the physiological state of tissues noninvasively by marking the molecules participating of these physiological processes with radioactive isotopes, thus creating the called radionuclides. The image of a radionuclide is one of the most important applications of radioactivity in nuclear medicine. The equipment’s of nuclear medicine imaging use the principle of radiation detection, turning it into an electrical signal which, through specific algorithms, allows forming tomographic images that provide information about the functional status of organs. New detection systems have been developed for tomographic acquisitions using solid state detectors. These devices use crystals of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe). Some of the advantages of this detector are a significant improvement of signal to noise ratio, the increased spectral and spatial resolution, which in sum, result in greater clarity of the images obtained, opening new perspectives for imaging protocols previously unattainable. In contrast, all other gamma-cameras equipped with vacuum tubes have remained relatively unchanged for nearly fifty years. In these gamma-cameras, the images are obtained using two steps significantly less efficient: the gamma rays are converted to light through a first device, and then the light is converted into an electrical signal through a second device. One of functions the Medical Physicist is related to the quality control of equipment. This control ensures that the information and images provided are true and thus credible to be used in medical reports. To perform this type of analysis the physicist must understand the performance characteristics and operation of all equipment of the department concerned; besides, in the absence of specific legislation, proposing...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Retrospecto de lesões radiológicas da cabeça de cães e gatos

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

A tecnologia de microarray no estudo do câncer de cabeça e pescoço

(Microarray technology in study of head neck cancer). The microarray technology is a tool for global analysis of gene expression that allows investigating hundreds or thousands of genes in a sample using a hybridization reaction. This technology is based on hybridization between labeled targets derived from biological samples and an array of many DNA probes immobilized on a solid matrix, representing the genes of interest. The simultaneous study of hundreds of genes became the microarray technique a very important tool of global analysis, with applications in several areas, including the study of the development of cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with a global annual incidence of 780,000 new cases. Large-scale studies involving microarrays have identified specific gene expression signatures associated with expression changes in HNSCC samples compared to normal tissue, as well as genes involved in clinical outcome and metastasis. However, the considerable heterogeneity among these studies occurs due to experimental design, number of samples, disease sites and stage, choice of microarray platform and results validation. Thus, there is much to be validated, before the technique has clinical utility. In relation to head and neck neoplasia, the large-scale gene analysis is very important, since the clinical and histopathological methods currently used appear to be insufficient to predict clinical progression and response to treatment. Thus, this approach could result in more effective diagnostic and prognostic and most appropriate therapy for this neoplasia.