Questões teóricas e metodológicas das pesquisas com crianças: algumas reflexões

Thinking about research with children, giving time and voice to them is a discussion that is still fresh. Thus, in order to establish some reflections on the theoretical and methodological issues in research with children, we hope with this article to give visibility to the theoretical assumptions of authors who are concerned to place the child and childhood in the center of the research process. Thus, contributing to this discussion, this text is divided into three stages: initially bring some contributions of sociology of childhood and the various fields of knowledge to think about research with children. Secondly, we propose to discuss some methods and procedures that may favor the development of research with children. When we trace the historical development related to research with children and recover the concept of childhood and child while being active and producer of culture, we headed for the third time this work presents some results and conclusions, which can direct our gaze on pursuit of research instruments that capture what children think, feel and build in the world that they live and live together.

O professor na visão das crianças: uma pesquisa sobre a construção do conhecimento social sob o enfoque piagetiano

The focus of this paper is on the construction of social knowledge according to Piagetian constructivist theory. We present data related to the ideas of children aged seven and eight years old about the role of the teacher. We observed 52 children, both male and female, immersed in two different educative environments: one considered socio-moral constructivist and the other one, traditional. The main results showed the particular processes of the individuals when they try to comprehend the surrounding reality. The only meaningful difference between the two environments studied was related to the comprehension of the necessity of formation to develop the function of a teacher. In the other aspects observed we have not found meaningful differences concerning the representations of the subjects as well as the environment in which they participated.

Processos de pesquisa e de estudo e a formação de professores: alguns aspectos teórico-metodológicos

Both the research and the university extension projects and the experiences of the students have an important role for the training of the teachers. Bring these issues of the quotidian aspects in the school to be analyzed by students to favor closer relations between theory and practice considering a specific academics context, historicizing and contextualizing both of them. Added to this, it allows for analyzing didactic issues in the interrelationship between the organizational aspects and the school community aspects. From these aspects, and considering our practice in teaching and researching in the university, we intend to address in this article to analyze theoretical and methodological aspects of research processes and the study aspects which, in our view, are important and add quality in the role of teacher training in both the initial and continuing education. We use the research and the study terms, because we believe that the developments of the both are fundamental to the methodological emphasis of the study process.

O contexto profissional do indexador no ensino de indexação

It is proposed the search of teaching methodology with socio-cognitive approach to present teaching strategies that simulate the experience of professional context that is propitious to work out the tasks of subject analysis for the indexing of documents. Taking into account the contact of the learner indexers with the actual professional context, the proposals of Fourie Portfolio (2002) and Hjørland (2002) principle of the information science social context were applied in the discipline “Indexing” at UNESP Librarianship course in Marília, SP, Brazil. The results taken from this research on teaching strategies in documentary reading show that the methodological and theoretical knowledge, in socio-cognitive perspective, provide a view of a professional context in which the learner indexer is conscious of his strategies of documentary reading and can develop his previous professional knowledge in order to accomplish the indexing tasks compatible to the user informational demand.

A doutrina do método na terceira Crítica

The Doctrine of the method of the Critique of judgement concerns the faculty of teleological judgement (§ 79-91). In the beginning of this Appendix (§ 79), Kant aims on clarifying how teleological thought, according to the principle of final cause, interprets the essence and the phenomena of nature. However he makes clear: teleology is not a science, it does not belong to a doctrine, and it does not belong to theology as a part of it, for its object is not God, though in theology may be made the most important use of teleology (KU AA 05: 416). If teleology does not belong to theology and is not a science, why is there a necessity of a Doctrine of the method to the teleological judgement? Answering this incognito is the purpose of this text. And we will look for attaining it having as supposition that teleology, though if not having the doctrinal character of science that requires a Methodenlehre, may be seen as a critical science of passage, because it can intermediate the ambits of nature and freedom, and, as such, oscillate between natural science and theology.

Formação de professores: as diretrizes nacionais e o poder local

Coming as a result from a comprehensive research based on Lima’s studies (2008), this article is intended for investigating the process of reorganization of the Pedagogy course offered by a state public university since 2006, when the new National Curricular Guides were instituted. The subject matter brings up as one of its purposes to identify the main difficulties and the possible answers given in order to cause the changes to happen, taking in consideration both the external and internal interests of the institution. To further these aims, actual instruments were applied to the research: documents related to the Pedagogy course that were kept in the Council of the university and interviews with the members who took part in the process of readjustment. Because it is a public university, at first there was a mistaken presumption of the primacy of an administration founded upon democratic principles, in which the divergent opinions do not turn out to be taken as mere pretexts, but as an opportunity of dialogue and to establish collective projects. However, the results of the analysis shook that basic assumption and proved the opposite: the process was led to a rational/bureaucratic pattern of administration, the goals of which intended to adjust the institution to the external precepts and to establish the consensus — understood here as an absolute lack of conflicts. Nevertheless, it was chosen to conciliate the Pedagogy course to the national guides, without causing any harm to the departmental interests. These are reasons that justify satisfactorily the fact of this article being supposed to raise and quicken new and revitalized debate whenever there is an engagement of those who are most concerned for the duty of student teachers’ instruction, but mainly that of being expected to participate in the effective discussion/decision — making process of creating ends which to strive and work for.

Estudo sociocultural da comunidade discursiva do tratamento temático da informação em bibliotecas universitárias

It is assumed as a sociocultural approach to contemporary theories necessary to scientific Information Science, considering that information should be treated from the observance of its context of enunciation, situations and purposes, involving all social actors. In this sense, it is the prerogative of the individual knowledge is socially conditioned and therefore it becomes necessary to investigate the knowledge of professionals who directly or indirectly influence the products generated in the thematic treatment of information in context of university libraries. To do so, it explores the discursive community of thematic treatment information from the institutional and social interaction through structured interview. The results revealed the need of Information Science advance the establishment of studies that surround issues involving human action from the social reality in order to enhance the theoretical concepts and methodological thematic treatment of information in context of university libraries.

Redes Sociais em linguagens documentais: uma análise de coautoria a partir da realidade brasileira

Social networks can measure the scientific collaboration among researchers, institutions and countries, making visible the investigative behavior of any field. Indexing language is a theme primarily approached by the area of information organization and representation. This paper presents the formation of social networks related to the indexing language theme using the available curricula on the Lattes Platform. Co-authorship analyses were done for researchers and institutions, as well as information about the journals most used to communicate the theme and knowledge areas that deal with investigations of indexing languages. It was found that co-authorship index is high, but the social networks of the respective theme are designed in a localized way.

Cotidiano e filosofia no ensino médio: mediações

O presente artigo propõe reflexões acerca de possíveis relações a serem estabelecidas entre o cotidiano vivido por alunos e professores do Ensino Médio e o processo de filosofar a ser ensejado pela disciplina de Filosofia. Tem como pressuposto que alunos e professores, imersos que estão na vida cotidiana, tanto poderão sentir-se provocados a discutir questões importantes postas pelos âmbitos do cotidiano e da Filosofia, quanto poderão permanecer indiferentes a elas. A questão central remete à possibilidade de instigar um diálogo filosófico significativo, por meio do ensino de Filosofia. Elucidados prioritariamente pelo campo filosófico (Heller e Gramsci), os âmbitos do cotidiano e da Filosofia sugerem discussões filosóficas relevantes: concepções de vida cotidiana, de Filosofia e de suas possibilidades de inter-relação. A aproximação entre a vida cotidiana e a Filosofia coloca não somente um problema filosófico, mas também um problema pedagógico. qual o papel da escola, do professor e da própria Filosofia, no processo ensino e aprendizagem? Tem-se como hipótese que, para se utilizar o cotidiano como ponto de partida da reflexão filosófica, é indispensável compreender o significado filosófico de cotidiano e de não-cotidiano e o papel do professor como agente mediador entre esses âmbitos.

Projeto Político Pedagógico: o espaço de participação efetiva e contextualizada dos atores da escola

Will be demonstrated here, the importance of preparing the Political-Pedagogical Project - PPP in a way that the school´s actors participate constantly. his participation is essential to promote both their production and the ongoing evaluation of activities, actions and educational purposes. Following the guidance of experienced researchers in this matter, we assume the defense of a school that favors the character of belonging for everyone: administrators, teachers, students and parents, the whole community. his study is conducted in two stages: a theoretical study, highlighting the main researches and thoughts at academic level, a documentary analysis of four schools and interviews with directors or vice directors and coordinators of schools. With this study and analysis, it is possible to realize the importance of their development and promote relection to guide those interested to a new vision or revision of structures already plastered. he school thus may undergo changes renovating their routine, making it fresh news and events, allowing the daily challenges foster contextualized strategies on concrete basis.

Aspectos político-legais da educação do campo

The article describes political and legal aspects of Brazilian education, through the analysis of Brazilian Constitutions, its amendments and major educational laws and resolutions in force until 2012, highlighting those that make direct reference to rural education and country education. It intends to identify the time when the educational legislation has incorporated the term “country education”, one of the struggles of the Movement for a Country Education. The use of the term “country education” will occur only in the first decade of this century. Despite the difficulties in consolidating country education, clearly the incorporation of this issue in the draft of the new National Education Plan (2011/2020), under discussion in Brazilian Congress.

Narrativas e atividade docente: perspectivas e desafios metodológicos para a pesquisa em educação e formação de professores

This paper emerges from our research and extension courses university, from our concerns with the initial and continuous training of teachers and the Childhood Education and the early years of elementary school. We had, as a main focus, presenting aspects of some of these referrals effected towards the creation of possibilities for the collective creation of conditions to nourish all those involved in due diligence with a set of knowledge necessary for making decisions and positions on it and in pedagogical practice. Of theoretical and methodological perspective based our research, teacher training processes should meet the expression of their practical actions in order to produce new knowledge relativized, understood based on the circumstances, the social subjects and the social places of those prepare and disseminate. This understanding was responsible for the methodological choices made for the proposition and development of our research, primarily the oral history. Finally, we conclude, among other things, that the uniqueness of what is done, thought and spoken in the world of school and therefore, the practice of educational research through the narrative is full of content for the projection of new shares in favor of improved processes of teaching and learning aimed the formation and activity of teachers and the humanization of adults and children.

Diretrizes para o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de blogs de biblioteca

Blogging become popular due to its ease of use and publication, which influences the growth of digital information environments. Therefore, studies are needed to optimize the organization of information in the blog, to contribute in its development. Using the direct observation of nonparticipatory, analysis was performed on 6 blogs of university libraries to identify the elements of Information Architecture (IA) that is considered essential and optional for the structural development of a blog. Thus, were conducted planning guidelines for blogs and a model for its evaluation, and were proposed specific elements of IA for blogs, to contribute to the study of Digital Information Architecture.

Avaliação de competências profissionais de aprendizes com deficiência

Professional competence can be one of the paths for the insertion of the disabled students in the labor market. This study evaluated the development of skills from the perspective of five learners with disabilities, their tutors and teachers. The survey was conducted in a non-governmental organization that had a range of 32 skills to be taught. The assessment revealed that some of the skills improve with provided training, others remained at the same level and only one decreases its score. It is possible to conclude that the learning program contributed to the development of the skills, which may mean the inclusion of young people in the labor market.

Avaliação da aprendizagem e deficiência intelectual na perspectiva de professores do ensino comum

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the conceptions of a group of teachers in cycle-1 elementary school on intellectual disability and assessment of school learning. It is a qualitative research that used a semi-structured interview script for its investigation. The teachers' reports showed some weakness and lack of preparation to deal with the inclusion of pupils with intellectual disabilities, and consequently difficult to assess their learning conditions. It was also found that the assessment used by them was characterized by sluggish and it was based mainly on the use of quantitative measuring instruments. Such instruments shortly guide the process of teaching and learning, consequently do not contribute to effective the inclusion of these school students.