Diversidade de bactérias de solo sob vegetação natural e cultivo de hortaliças

The microorganisms are essential components in the maintenance of the biological and physicochemical balance of the soil. They exert important function including the degradation of residues of plants and animals and the release of nutrients in the alimentary chain. This work had as objective to compare the microbiota of a soil under bush covering (SMS) and other cropped with vegetables (SHC), suppressive or not it Rhizoctonia solani. Total microbial community DNA was extracted of soils, amplification for PCR of the genes 16S rDNA, inserted into pGEM (R)-T cloning vector and sequencing of the genes of the ribosomal RNA. The analysis of the results demonstrated that this methodology was efficient for evaluation of bacteria in ground. In the bush soil suppressive the microorganisms more found belonged to the phyla of the Acidobacterias, Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacterias and in the soil cultivated with vegetables the biggest frequency was of organisms pertaining to the phyla of the Proteobacterias, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Cultivares de trigo submetidas a déficit hídrico no início do florescimento, em casa de vegetação

The water restriction can damage the performance of crops, especially in the flowering period. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the response of genotypes of wheat submitted to water deficit in the beginning of flowering. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with five replications. The factors studied were: three wheat cultivars (Coodetec (CD) 105, 108 and 111) and 2 irrigation managements (with and without imposition of water deficit). During the period of water deficit imposition, gravimetric soil moisture and the relative content of water in leaf were evaluated, while at the moment of rehydration the biometric variables were determined. At the end of the crop cycle the components of production were evaluated. Reduction was found in the gravimetric soil moisture, in the relative levels of water and in all biometric variables, in function of the water deficit. The grain production showed difference only among the water regimes, in which the cultivar CD 111 is more efficient in the maintenance of the productive potential in conditions of water deficit, through the quick recovery in the relative content of water in leaves.

Composição corporal e índices biométricos do pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteichthyes, Characidae) submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar e realimentação

The present paper evaluated, through hepatosomatic/mesenteric fat indexes and body composition, the pacu energy utilization when submitted to alternated food restriction/refeeding cycles during the growout period. Juveniles were distributed in three pounds and submitted to different feeding programs: A (ad libitum daily feeding), B (4-week feeding restriction and 9-week refeeding) and C (6-week feeding restrictions and 7-week refeeding), totaling 13 weeks for each cycle (4 experimental cycles). At the end of the periods, fish were sampled to obtain biometrics and biochemical data. The results showed that, during the first two cycles, C treatment obtained the best compensatory growth. Carcass lipid and water contents were inversely related, with body fat decrease. Fishes under B and C treatment during food restriction utilized liver and mesentery energy stores. These parameters were re-established in the refeeding phase, in all cycles.

Regeneração da vegetação arbórea nativa no sub-bosque de um povoamento de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. Localizado no Estado de São Paulo

This study evaluate the native species naturally regenerating in Eucalyptus saligna stand understory. This stand is located at Itatinga Experimental Station, of the Forest Sciences Department (ESALQ/USP). The experimental area encompasses two sites separated from each other around 250 m, differing 30 m in altitude. These two sites are different mainly in land slope and soil fertility and soil hydric retention capacity. Eight permanent plots of 625 m2 in each site were randomly sampled. The woody species Individuals with height equal or bigger than 1,5 m and the Eucalyptus saligna coppicings were surveyed in each plot. A total of 107 species were Identified and 7 species were common to both sites, distributed into 72 genera and 34 families. Based upon the results It is possible to conclude that the Eucalyptus saligna trees do not preclude the natural regeneration of the native species in the stand understory, however the floristic structure of the community is also influenced by edaphic factors and vicinity of seed sources.

Utilização de índices de estabilidade transitória para a avaliação de segurança dinâmica

Indices that report how much a contingency is stable or unstable in an electrical power system have been the object of several studies in the last decades. In some approaches, indices are obtained from time-domain simulation; others explore the calculation of the stability margin from the so-called direct methods, or even by neural networks.The goal is always to obtain a fast and reliable way of analysing large disturbance that might occur on the power systems. A fast classification in stable and unstable, as a function of transient stability is crucial for a dynamic security analysis. All good propositions as how to analyse contingencies must present some important features: classification of contingencies; precision and reliability; and efficiency computation. Indices obtained from time-domain simulations have been used to classify the contingencies as stable or unstable. These indices are based on the concepts of coherence, transient energy conversion between kinetic energy and potential energy, and three dot products of state variable. The classification of the contingencies using the indices individually is not reliable, since the performance of these indices varies with each simulated condition. However, collapsing these indices into a single one can improve the analysis significantly. In this paper, it is presented the results of an approach to filter the contingencies, by a simple classification of them into stable, unstable or marginal. This classification is performed from the composite indices obtained from step by step simulation with a time period of the clearing time plus 0.5 second. The contingencies originally classified as stable or unstable do not require this extra simulation. The methodology requires an initial effort to obtain the values of the intervals for classification, and the weights. This is performed once for each power system and can be used in different operating conditions and for different contingencies. No misplaced classification o- - ccurred in any of the tests, i.e., we detected no stable case classified as unstable or otherwise. The methodology is thus well fitted for it allows for a rapid conclusion about the stability of th system, for the majority of the contingencies (Stable or Unstable Cases). The tests, results and discussions are presented using two power systems: (1) the IEEE17 system, composed of 17 generators, 162 buses and 284 transmission lines; and (2) a South Brazilian system configuration, with 10 generators, 45 buses and 71 lines.

Análise da transformação do uso da terra, vegetação e impactos ambientais por meio de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento

The mapping of the land use, vegetation and environmental impacts using remote sensing and geoprocessing allows detection, spatial representation and quantifying all alterations due to the human action in the nature, contributing to the monitoring and planning of those activities that cause damages to the environment. The aim of this research is analyze the transformation ocurred with the land use and vegetation in order to detect environmental impacts during the period from 1962 to 1995, considering a test area in the district of Assistência and surroundings, in the Rio Claro (SP) region. In order to archieve such aim the authors used boolean operations available in the Geographical Information System (GIS) - Idrisi. The maps were obtained through the ordinary (conventional) interpretation of aerial photos, later digitized in the software CAD Overlay and georeferenced in AutoCAD Map. It's observed that operations such as crossing digitized maps of one specific area in two differents dates, using GIS, produce overall results that might point out expansion or retraction's trends of the mapped classes, as well as quantify the intensity of the phenomena.

Mapeamento do uso da terra, vegetação e impactos ambientais por meio de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento

The mapping of the land use, vegetation and environmental impacts using remote sensing ana geoprocessmg allow detection, spatial representation and quantification of the alterations caused by the human action on the nature, contributing to the monitoring and planning of those activities that may cause damages to the environment. This study apply methodologies based on digital processing of orbital images for the mapping of the land use, vegetation and anthropic activities that cause impacts in the environment. It was considered a test area in the district of Assistência and surroundings, in Rio Claro (SP) region. The methodology proposed was checked through the crossing of maps in the software GIS - Idrisi. These maps either obtained with conventional interpretation of aerial photos of 1995, digitized in the software CAD Overlay and geo-referenced in the AutoCAD Map, or with the application of digital classification systems on SPOT-XS and PAN orbital images of 1995, followed by field observations. The crossing of conventional and digital maps of a same area with the CIS allows to verify the overall results obtained through the computational handling of orbital images. With the use of digital processing techniques, specially multiespectral classification, it is possible to detect automatically and visually the impacts related to the mineral extraction, as well as to survey the land use, vegetation and environmental impacts.

Detecção de prováveis deformações neotectônicas no Vale do Rio do Peixe, Região Ocidental Paulista, mediante aplicaçao de Índices RDE (Relac̈ão Declividade-Extensão) em segmentos de drenagem

Running water is one of the most important of all the physical processes which fashion the landscape, allowing gravity to operate along the valley floors. Besides this, the streams show a fast adjustment to the crustal deformations, even to the most gentle ones. This geologic behavior turns them a potential tool for neotectonic studies, specially the analysis of morphotnetric parameters associated with hydraulic gradient and discharge, this second factor being directly proportional to the extension of the streams. Both elements, gradient and stream length, can be combined in the SL index. The purpose of this paper is to show the RDE index application in the neotectonics analysis of the Rio do Peixe hydrographic basin and to compare the obtained values with the geologic basement incised by the streams. This basement encompasses Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of post-Serra Oeral Formation magmatism (Caiuá and Bauru groups) and Quaternary deposits that include chiefly recent alluvial plains and some Pleistocene terrace deposits. In the final part of this paper, an attempt is made in order to correlate the RDE results and the neotectonic framework admitted to this portion of the São Paulo State territory, as well as with field geologic, seismologic and paleoseismologic known elements. The results indicate the presence of two groups of anomalies: The first set corresponds to the Marília-Exaporã Plateau border, and the second one, located in the central portion of the hydrographic basin, is correlated to the Presidente Prudente seimogenic zone.

Geomorfologia e distribuição da vegetação ripária na ilha Mutum, rio Paraná - PR/MS

Conectivity between the hydrologic regimen and the distribution of the vegetation there is already a lot is recognized by several researchers in the works of fluvial ecology. It can be affirmed that the geomorphology of the alluvial plain has an important paper in the constitution of the riparian vegetation. On the proposed study, traverse topographical profiles were elaborated in the island, recognition of the distribution of the vegetation and the zoning geomorphologic presented in profiles for the Mutum Island. It's located in the upper course of the Parana River, between the mouth of the Paranapanema River and the mouth of the Ivinhema River. It elapses of this study the succession of the strata of the riparian vegetation and the relationship with the morphology of the surface, in this case the relief as the main controller abiotic and selective of the species in the environmental. For the whole island it was possible to define three classes: Mutum Upper Unit, Mutum Lower Unit and Paleochannel. The presented discussion is resulted partial of the project called Processes of Conectivity and the Riparian Vegetacion in the high course of the Parana River, PR/MS.

Análise de crescimento em clones de eucalipto submetidos a estresse hídrico

The aim of this study was to evaluate Eucaliptus grandis genotypes (Clones 105 and 433) in relation to drought tolerance, through growth plant analysis. Black PVC pots with 10 liter volume were used for cultivate plants in polyethilene greenhouse oriented east/west. Completely randonmized design with four treatments was used: two clones and two minimum soil water potentials (- 0.03 and -1,5 MPa) and sixteen replicates. Pots were weighed daily in order to evaluate water content and characteristic soli water curve was determined. Plant development was obtained each 15 days from planting until 60 days through total dry matter (DM), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), net assimilative ratio (NAR), specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth ratio (RGR) and absolute growth ratio (AGR). Results showed that clone 105 presented less sensibility to water deficit, which qualify it as genetic material for use under dry soil conditons. On the other hand, both clones had similar behavior with no water restrictions.

Trocas gasosas, índices fisiológicos e acúmulo iônico em plantas jovens de Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer em solução nutritiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Correlação espacial do índice de vegetação (NDVI) de imagem Landsat/ETM+ com atributos do solo

The precision agriculture technologies such as the spatial variability of soil attributes have been widely studied mostly with sugarcane. Among these technologies have been recently highlighted the use of the vegetation index derived from remote sensing products, such as powerful tools indicating the development of vegetation. This study aimed to analyze the spatial variability of clay content, pH and phosphorus in an Oxisol in an area with sugarcane production, and correlate with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The georeferenced grid was created for the soil properties (clay, phosphorus and pH) and generated the maps of spatial variability. For these same sites were calculated the NDVI, in addition to mapping of this ratio, the evaluation of the spatial correlation between this and other studied properties. The clay and phosphorus content showed positive spatial correlation with the NDVI, while no spatial correlation was observed between NDVI and pH. The satellite images from the sensor ETM + Landsat were used to correlate to NDVI to observe the spatial variability of the studied attributes.

Estimativa e análise de índices de irregularidades da ionosfera utilizando dados GPS de redes ativas

Observable GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) are affected by systematic errors due to free electrons present in the ionosphere. The error associated with the ionosphere depends on the Total Electron Content (TEC), which is influenced by several variables: solar cycle, season, local time, geomagnetic activity and geographic location. The GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System) and Galileo dual frequency receivers allow the calculation of the error that affects the GNSS observables and the TEC. Using the rate of change of TEC (ROT - Rate of TEC) indices that indicate irregularities of the ionosphere can be determined, allowing inferences about its behavior. Currently it is possible to perform such studies in Brazil, due to the several Active Networks available, such as RBMC/RIBaC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo/Rede INCRA de Bases Comunitárias) and GNSS Active Network of São Paulo. The proposed research aimed at estimating and analysing of indexes of irregularities of the ionosphere, besides supplying the geosciences of information about the behavior of the ionosphere.

Complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgia torácica relacionadas aos índices e testes preditores de risco cirúrgico pré-operatórios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência agronômica de fertilizantes organominerais sólidos e fluidos em relação à disponibilidade de fósforo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA