Influência de aspectos técnicos e anatômicos nos índices de fertilidade baseado no desempenho da inseminação artificial

The aim of this work was to examine both the influence of anatomical and technical aspects on fertility rate of sheep based on the performance of transcervical artificial insemination (TCAI). Transcervical artificial insemination was performed with traction of the cervix in 122 ewes using frozen semen from 11 rams, both Santa Ines breed. The data collected were: type of external cervical opening (CO) (P - papilla; FL - flap; DB - duckbill, S - spiral; RO - rosette), duration of cervical manipulation (2-3, 4-5 and 6-7 minutes), degree of difficulty in cervical transposition (low, moderate, high) and presumed semen deposition site (SC - superficial cervical; DC - deep cervical; IU - intrauterine). The influence of these variables on pregnancy rate was evaluated. Cervical opening type and duration of cervical manipulation had no influence (p>0.05) on fertility. The degree of difficulty in cervical manipulation influenced (p<0.05) pregnancy rate, since insemination classified as low grade had 52% of pregnancy, while those classified as high recorded only 20%. The presumed site of semen deposition influenced significantly (p<0.05) fertility. Pregnancy rates of deposition at each site were: UI – 45.8%, DC – 25.7%; SC – 15.4%. As expected, deeper depositions resulted in higher fertility. In conclusion, the performance of TCAI did not depend on the anatomical classification of external cervical opening of ewe and the duration of cervical manipulation within the range tested (2-7 minutes). The TCAI may have higher fertility rates if difficulties in the application were reduced and the semen deposition was deeper.

Índices bióticos mono e multimétricos de avaliação da qualidade da água em riachos da Mata Atlântica

Protocols for rapid habitat evaluation and the biotic indices used in biomonitoring of streams in Brazil provide useful information about water quality and modifications in the ecosystem. However, the interpretation of their results is limited. Previous studies pointed out the low sensitivity of those indices to measure the quality of low-order streams, since they only measure organic impacts. Environmental degradation of these streams is mainly related to impacts caused by landscape change, such as erosion, siltation, channel change, loss of riparian vegetation, and reduction in water flow. The streams of the Serra do Japi are under some of these impacts, caused by agricultural activities. In this study, we evaluated whether the reduction of natural characteristics in these environments would decrease water quality. The Protocol of Habitat Diversity was affected by the impacts of agricultural activities. However, the other three biotic indices: Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System, Average Score Per Taxon, and Index of Benthic Community were not as sensitive to those impacts, since they all indicated a high water quality. An adaptation of the attributes and the scoring system is suggested for defining better policies for the conservation of this area.

Delimitação, intensidade e especialização de áreas comerciais: uma proposição para o estudo das áreas centrais em cidades médias a partir da análise dos Índices de Densidade Informacional para os casos de Presidente Prudente - SP e Ribeirão Preto - SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Procedimentos de pesquisa em geografia do comércio: uma proposição para o estudo das áreas centrais em cidades médias a partir da análise dos índices de densidade informacional da cidade de São Carlos (SP)

In this work, we address the informational Density Index (IDI) a methodological Option How To be used on the Research Procedures Analysis of Commerce Geography. The IDI and an indicator of Technological Complexity level of economic activities and a review and made a database from CNEFE / NCEA, where the first signifies the National Register of Establishments for statistical purposes and the second means a National Classification Economic Activities. Elaborated with emphasis on discussion of between center and centrality relations, wish to present a constitution of a data base on level sampling with an analysis elaboration do IDI from the criteria: home-page and e - commerce. This methodology helps us understand how polycentric structures, locational enterprise well as a reflection on the middle cities using a through the analysis on city of São Carlos/SP. Where we see the establishments with greater and lesser content as well as its geographical distribution, noting of according to the criteria listed number of establishments with IDI 0 very relevant. Our analysis as well as such divisions that meet greater index, so, IDI 2 like to financial activities. Also present at methodological level the city of São José do Rio Preto/SP paragraph seizure of care when working there in database